Презентация на тему "Articles"

articles

Артикли

Articles

Indefinite Definite Неопределенный Определенный

a / an the

Употребляем с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе

Употребляем с исчисляемым и неисчисляемыми существительными в единственном и множественном числе

a / an

• A перед существительными на согласную

• a book a window a horse
• a book
• a window
• a horse

• AN перед существительными на гласную ( a, e, o, i, u)

• an apple an office an elephant
• an apple
• an office
• an elephant
• Исключение : an hour

Применение артикля A / AN

• При первом упоминании в тексте.

• Jack is a student.
• Jack is a student.
• При указании на существительное неизвестное нам. He has got a camera. She is waiting for a bus. It’s a nice day.
• He has got a camera.
• She is waiting for a bus.
• It’s a nice day.
• При перечислении предметов. I have got a CD player, a bike and a skateboard. He eats an apple and a sandwich every morning.
• I have got a CD player, a bike and a skateboard.
• He eats an apple and a sandwich every morning.
• С профессиями. I’m a dentist. She’s a painter. He’s an engineer.
• I’m a dentist.
• She’s a painter.
• He’s an engineer.

Применение артикля A / AN

• Когда перед существительным стоит прилагательное его характеризующее.

• Rome is a big city in Italy. I need a new car. She is writing a long letter.
• Rome is a big city in Italy.
• I need a new car.
• She is writing a long letter.
• В восклицаниях. What a wonderful day! What a good boy! What a pity!
• What a wonderful day!
• What a good boy!
• What a pity!
• Не употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными! Water, rain, air, rice, salt, oil, plastic, money, music, meat We need fresh water.
• Water, rain, air, rice, salt, oil, plastic, money, music, meat
• We need fresh water.

Применение артикля THE

• При втором и последующем упоминании в тексте.

• Jack is a student. He goes to a university. The university is near his house.
• Jack is a student. He goes to a university. The university is near his house.
• При указании на существительное известное нам. I’m going to clean the car tomorrow. ( = my car). I wrote to her but the letter never arrived.
• I’m going to clean the car tomorrow. ( = my car).
• I wrote to her but the letter never arrived.
• С существительными единственными в своем роде. (the sun, the moon, the world, the sky…) The sun rises in the East. Rome is the capital of Italy. What is the largest island in the world?
• The sun rises in the East.
• Rome is the capital of Italy.
• What is the largest island in the world?

Применение артикля THE

• Когда известно, какая вещь, место или человек подразумевается.

the roof/ the garden/ the kitchen (of a house)

• ‘ Where is Tom?’ ‘In the garden.’ Do you live far from the centre? Rome is the capital of Italy. Who is the President of the USA?
• ‘ Where is Tom?’ ‘In the garden.’
• Do you live far from the centre?
• Rome is the capital of Italy.
• Who is the President of the USA?

• Когда перед существительным стоит прилагательное в превосходной степени. It’s the best hotel in our city. This is the long est way home.
• It’s the best hotel in our city.
• This is the long est way home.
• Когда перед существительным стоит порядковое числительное. Monday is the first working day. Jane’s son is in the sixth form.
• Monday is the first working day.
• Jane’s son is in the sixth form.

No article ( ø) Отсутствие артикля

• Перед существительными во множественном числе.

• a car – ø car s , a house – ø hous es , a man - ø men
• a car – ø car s , a house – ø hous es , a man - ø men
• Если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение. My car, his house, that man
• My car, his house, that man
• Если перед существительным стоит числительное. one car, two houses, three men
• one car, two houses, three men
• Перед именами и фамилиями. James Bond, John Smith
• James Bond, John Smith

Write a or an

• a book
• an old book
• … balcony
• … game
• … airport
• … restaurant
• … university
• … Chinese restaurant
• … Indian restaurant

• … question
• … important question
• … organization
• … hamburger
• … accident
• … bad accident
• … economic problem
• … evening
• … nice evening

Write sentences, use a or an

• (I bought newspaper) I bought a newspaper.
• (We went to party last night) …
• (My brother is artist) …
• (What beautiful day today) …
• (I ate hot dog and banana) …
• (Britain is industrial country) …
• (I had bath this morning) …
• (Barbara works in office) …
• (It’s very difficult question) …
• (We stayed at expensive hotel) …

use a / an or the

• Look at … picture on page 123.
• There are five rooms in … house.
• What … bad weather!
• There is … armchair in … living room.
• She has got … computer and … DVD.
• There isn’t … garage.
• There is … fridge in … kitchen.
• My father is … shop-assistant.
• He lives in … flat in Manchester.
• … sun is a hot planet.

Write sentences, use a / an or the where necessary.

• I turned off light, opened door and went out.
• Excuse me, can I ask question, please?
• Alan is best player in our football team.
• How far is it from here to airport?
• Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me_ postcard!
• Have you got ticket for concert tomorrow night?
• What is name of director of film we saw last night?
• Yesterday I bought jacket and shirt. Jacket was cheap but shirt was expensive.

the

the

Other ways of using articles

Другие способы применения артиклей

Применение артикля THE

Указание на место расположения

The beginning of,

the end of …

the top

the the

left the middle right

the bottom

• Write your name at the top of the page.
• The table is in the middle of the room.
• People drive on the right in Ukraine.
• The beginning of the film is not very good.

Применение артикля THE

• С фразой the same … (одинаковый, такой же, тот же, один и тот же).

• We live in the same street. These books are the same .
• We live in the same street.
• These books are the same .
• Со словами the police, the army, the fire brigade. My brother is in the army.
• My brother is in the army.
• С названиями музыкальных инструментов the piano/ guitar/ trumpet/ drum/ violin… . Tom is learning to play the piano.
• Tom is learning to play the piano.
• С словом the radio НО! the television. I often listen to the radio. I like watching television.
• I often listen to the radio.
• I like watching television.

Применение артикля THE

• Со словами

• the cinema the theatre the bank the club the post office the doctor the dentist the toilet
• the cinema
• the theatre
• the bank
• the club
• the post office
• the doctor
• the dentist
• the toilet

• Do you often go to the cinema?
• I must go to the bank today.
• Are you going to the post office?
• You’re ill. You must go to the doctor.

Случаи употребления No article ( ø)

• Со словами

• I never have breakfast.
• What are you going to have for lunch?
• Dinner is ready!

• breakfast lunch dinner
• breakfast
• lunch
• dinner
• C фразами go to work go to school go to university go to church go to bed go to hospital go to prison
• go to work
• go to school
• go to university
• go to church
• go to bed
• go to hospital
• go to prison

• What time do you go to work/school/university?
• Don usually goes to church on Sundays.
• Jack’s ill. He’s in hospital.
• The thief is put to prison.

Случаи употребления No article ( ø)

• При сообщении общей информации.

• I like music. We don’t eat meat very often. I hate examinations.
• I like music.
• We don’t eat meat very often.
• I hate examinations.

• C названиями видов спорта. My favourite sports are tennis and basketball. Ted is very good at swimming.
• My favourite sports are tennis and basketball.
• Ted is very good at swimming.

• C названиями языков и академических предметов. My sister is learning Chinese. Today we’re having History and Math.
• My sister is learning Chinese.
• Today we’re having History and Math.

Complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.

• breakfast, dinner, guitar, lunch, police, radio, sky, sun, television, time
• Can you tell me the time please? - Yes, it’s one o’clock.
• We had … at a restaurant last night.
• … is a star. It gives light and warmth.
• Did you see the film on … last night?
• I was hungry this morning because I didn’t have … .
• … stopped me because I was driving too fast.
• Can you play … ? – No, I can’t play any musical instrument.
• What did you have for … ? – Just a salad.
• When I’m working at home I like listening to … .
• … is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.

Write sentences, use the where necessary.

• I must go to bank today.
• I finish work at 5 o’clock every day.
• Mary has gone to doctor.
• What time do you usually get home from work?
• ‘ Where are you going?’ ‘To bed.’
• ‘ Where are you going?’ ‘To bank.’
• Do you live a long way from city centre?
• Would you like to go to theatre this evening?
• ‘ Where’s Fred?’ ‘He’s in toilet.’
• Jim is in hospital. He needs an operation.
• Excuse me, can you tell me where post office is?

the

Read the sentences and cross out odd words.

• Potatoes/ the potatoes are not expensive.
• This is a good meal. Potatoes/ the potatoes are very nice.
• Everybody needs friends/ the friends.
• I never drink coffee/ the coffee.
• ‘ Where’s coffee/ the coffee?’ ‘It’s in the cupboard.’
• Jan doesn’t go to parties/ the parties very often.
• Tennis/ The tennis is a very popular sport.
• We swam in the river. Water/ the water was very cold.
• I don’t like swimming in cold water/ the cold water.
• You must visit art gallery. Paintings/The paintings are nice.
• English/ The English is the language of international business.

Articles with names of places.

• Названия стран и городов без артиклей , кроме

• the Republic of Ireland the USA the United Kingdom the Netherlands France is a big country. Cairo is the capital of Egypt .
• the Republic of Ireland
• the USA
• the United Kingdom
• the Netherlands
• France is a big country.
• Cairo is the capital of Egypt .
• Названия улиц, площадей, дорог, аэропортов, остановок, транспорта, станций, замков, университетов … без артиклей. Lenin Street, Red Square, Munich Airport, Paddington Station, Cambridge University, Edinburgh Castle
• Lenin Street, Red Square, Munich Airport, Paddington Station, Cambridge University, Edinburgh Castle
• Названия гостиниц, ресторанов, пабов, кафе, кинотеатров, театров, музеев с артиклем the . the Hilton, the Science Museum, the Odeon (cinema)
• the Hilton, the Science Museum, the Odeon (cinema)

Articles with names of places.

• Названия морей, океанов, рек, каналов с артиклем the .

• the Atlantic ocean, the River Nile, the Black Sea, the Suez Canal
• the Atlantic ocean, the River Nile, the Black Sea, the Suez Canal
• Названия с конструкцией the … of … the Great Wall of China, the Bank of England, the Tower of London
• the Great Wall of China, the Bank of England, the Tower of London
• Названия стран, островов, гор во множественном числе . the Canary Islands, the Philippines, the Andes
• the Canary Islands, the Philippines, the Andes

Hometask: выучить правило с примерами ( будет проверочная работа)