Разработка по русскому языку и литературе

111

МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

(УНИВЕРСИТЕТ)

МИД РФ

Кафедра английского языка № 2

СБОРНИК ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИХ УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

для студентов I курса

факультета МЭО

(английский язык)

СОСТАВИТЕЛИ:

Ст. пр. Виноградова Т.В. Ст.пр. Яковлева Н.В. пр. Егорова Е.Н.

Москва, 2000 г.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

SECTION I.

THE FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE

T o be + Participle 2

Tense		Active	Passive	Note: the action is done to the subject
SIMPLE	Present Past Future	Ask(s) asked will ask	am is asked are was were asked will be asked	He asks/ He is asked Он спрашивает/ Его спрашивают
CONTINUOUS	Present Past Future	am is asking are was were asking will be asking	am is being asked are was being asked were ---	He is asking/ He is being asked Он сейчас спрашивает/ Его сейчас спрашивают He will be asked.
PERFECT	Present Past Future	Have has asked Had asked Will have asked	have has been asked had been asked will have been asked	He has asked/ He has been asked Он уже спросил/ Его уже спросили
PERF. CONT	Present Past Future	Have has been asking had been asking will have been asking	- - -	He has been asking..for.../ He has been asked...for... Он просит...в течение.../ Его просят ...в течение
	going to future	am are going to ask is	am is going to be asked are	He is going to ask He is going to be asked

MODAL VERBS

can/could may/might must/have to should/would needn’t

be done have been done

The subject of a passive verb corresponds to the object of an active verb

SUBJECT SUBJECT

Passive: This house was built in 1486 German is spoken in Austria

Active: They built this house in 1486 Austrians speak German

OBJECT OBJECT

USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE PECULIAR TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Passive sentences describe what happens to people or things, often as a result of action by other people or things.

1. We use the passive when it is not so important (or unknown) who or what did the action.

• My article was published yesterday.

• Rome wasn’t built in one day.

• The origin of the Universe will be explained.

In these kinds of context, the person doing the action is often not important, or it is difficult to say who it is.

2. It’s wrong to consider the passive to be another way of expressing a sentence in the active voice. We use it only when we don’t want to say who did it.

• Helen likes English (But not “English is liked by Helen”. It sounds funny in English).

3. Only the verb which take on object can go into the passive. Intransitive verbs can’t be used in the Passive voice. They are:

- to fly, to arrive

• to be, to become

- to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong

- to hold, to suit, to resemble, to fit

- to appear, to seem, to come ,to go, to last

• The hall holds 500 people.

• They have a nice house.

• My shoes don’t fit me.

• Sylvia resembles a Greek goddess.

• My mother lacks the fact.

4. There are sentences in the active having a passive meaning.

• This shirt irons well.

• Your book reads well.

• This coat will wear a lifetime.

• The door closed and there was silence in the room.

5. If you want to say who did it or what caused the action, use by or with.

• The house was built by my grandfather.

• It was destroyed by fire.

• The room was filled with smoke.

• The wood can be cut with a knife

6. We use the infinitive after modal verbs and a number of other verbs. The passive infinitive is to be done / to have done.

• I want to be left alone

• The music could be heard far away

• My bicycle has disappeared. It must have been stolen.

7. If it is possible to make two different passive sentences, it is more usual for the passive sentence to begin with the person.

• Ann wasn’t offered the job

• The job wasn’t offered to Ann.

STUDY THE PATTERN

is smb was will be

told offered given promised

smth

8. Some verbs can be used only in the following type of constructions:

is smth was will be

explained announced described repeated dictated pointed out

to smb

• The news was announced to everybody.

• Everything will be explained to you later.

9. Passive constructions with the verb to advise, to allow, to award, to deny, to forbid, to forgive, to grant, to offer, to order, to pay, to promise, to refuse, to show, to teach, to envy present some difficulties. In English the subject of such constructions corresponds to the Russian indirect object. The center of passive construction in English is not changed. Pay attention to the following difference.

Active		Passive
Russian English	Я просил... Я сказал ему... I asked... I told him...	Меня попросили... Мне сказали... I was asked... I was told

• He was given a ten days’ leave.

• Have you been shown the documents?

• They were told to wait.

10. The verbs which take personal object can form passive construction of the following pattern: ( the list of such verbs is given below).

is smb was smth will be

sent for spoken about laughed at

• The film was much spoken about.

• The doctor was sent for.

Mind the place of the preposition in Russian and English

Russian	English
Над ним часто смеются. О нём много говорили.	He is often laugh at He was much spoken about

The verbs taking prepositional objects. It should be remembered that not all of them retain this preposition in Russian.

A. to agree to/with - соглашаться с чем-то

to agree on/upon - прийти к соглашению

to arrive at an agreement - прийти к соглашению

to arrive at a compromise - прийти к компромиссу

to arrive at a conclusion - прийти к заключению

to arrive at a decision - прийти к решению

to call for, on - зайти за

to count on - надеяться, рассчитывать на кого-то

to deal with - иметь дело с

to hear of - слышать о

to insist on/upon - настаивать на

to interfere with - вмешиваться в, мешать

to laugh at - смеяться над

to look after - ухаживать за

to look at - смотреть на

to put up with - примириться с

to refer to - ссылаться на

to rely on/upon - полагаться на

to send for - посылать за

to speak about/of, to - говорить о/с

to talk about - говорить о

to think of - думать о

to write about - писать о

to find fault with - придираться к

to make fun of - насмехаться над

to pay attention to - обращать внимание на

to take care of - заботиться о

B. to account for - объяснять

to comment on - комментировать

to listen to - слушать

to look for - искать

to operate on - оперировать

to provide for - снабжать

to lose sight of - потерять из виду

to make fool of - дурачить

to make use of - использовать

to put an end to - положить конец

to take (no) notice of - (не) замечать

• The boat was soon lost sight of.

• The child should be taken care of

• He remark was taken notice of.

11. The passive is frequently used to describe scientific or mechanical processes, or in formal explanations:

• The passive is frequently used

12. The passive is often used in news reports:

• A number of political prisoners have been released.

• Talks will be held in London next week.

It is not essential to repeat the auxiliary verb to be in a list of processes:

The cars are washed, cleaned checked, and then given to the ports.

SECTION II.

1. RECOGNISE THE PASSIVE

Ex. 1. Find the passive verbs in this text. What tenses are they?

In Denmark, 24 people were left hanging upside down when a roller coaster car made an unscheduled stop.

The passengers were stranded 60 feet in the air for 20 minutes before firemen arrived with ladders.

An official for the fairground, at Alborg in Western Denmark, said the riders had been firmly locked in and not been in danger.

“They were given their money back”, the official said.

Ex. 2. Underline all the passives.

Acid rain is caused by burning coal and oil. When either fuel is burned, it releases poisonous gases which are carried up into the atmosphere and sometimes transported long distances.

Over 3000 research projects have been carried out to look into acid rain, and a decision to tackle the problem has been taken in most of the western European countries. Measures have been taken in Scandinavia and in Central Europe to stop the pollution before it is dumped on the environment: and a diplomatic campaign has been launched to countries that the problem has to be considered as a major ecological threat.

“Five years ago this issue was not being treated seriously,” says one of the leading environmental group, “but now that damage has been reported in large areas of forest and Lakeland our politicians are being forced to take action. This problem must be solved quickly: if governments do nothing, they will be faced in two or three years time with the accusation that they have allowed our forests to die.” A major international initiative to combat acid rain is expected in the near future.

2. SIMPLE FORMS

Note that the rules for choice of tense are the same in the passive as they are in the active sentences.

Ex. 3. Put the sentences into the Passive voice.

1. We hear a sound of a violin in the hall.

2. His father always praises him when he works hard.

3. My sister often takes Bob for his brother.

4. My mother wakens me at 7 o’clock every morning.

5. We use this room for special occasions.

6. In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles.

7. They make these artificial flowers of silk.

8. They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day.

9. Beavers make these dams.

10. They sell soft drinks here.

11. Most people oppose such things.

12. Usually students do a lot of work in spring.

13. They don’t admit children under sixteen.

14. Now they start these engines by electricity.

15. They never discuss it in her presence.

Ex.4. Put the sentences into the Passive voice.

1. She found the envelope at last behind the dining-room clock.

2. I bought this book a weak ago a week ago.

3. A great artist painted this picture.

4. John broke the window the other day

5. The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots.

6. They rang the church bells as a flood warning.

7. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child.

8. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine.

9. An uneasy silence succeeded the shot.

10. They showed her the easiest way to do it.

11. Lightning struck the old oak.

12. A jelly-fish stung her.

13. Did the idea interest you?

14. They used to start these engines by hand.

15. Who wrote it?

Ex. 5. Put the sentences into the Passive voice.

1. I shall post this letter tomorrow.

2. They will discuss your report next week.

3. The secretary will change our time-table in a week.

4. Tom will meet us at station.

5. Someone will serve refreshments.

6. The lawyer will give him the details of his uncle’s will.

7. The closure of the workshops will make a lot of people redundant.

8. We will not admit children under sixteen.

9. She will wear an evening dress.

10. The organisers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.

11. They will say nothing more about the matter.

12. The police will interview him tomorrow.

13. We shall discuss this problem later.

14. What measures shall we take?

15. I shall send him this report tomorrow.

Ex 6. Mixed Tenses. Put the sentences into the Passive.

1) a) They told me an interesting story yesterday.

b) They offered him a cup of tea.

c) They promised us a interesting book.

d) They pay him regularly.

e) They will show us some new magazines.

f) They teach the children French and German.

g) They gave him an invitation card to the party.

h) They granted him the film a long term credit.

2)

Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulance took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe burns. They say that seven of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.

(E.g.: The Royal Hotel was almost completely destroyed by fire last night By the time the Fire Brigade was/were called, ...)

3)

Last month the Council put forward a plan to make the seafront traffic free. Many of the shop and restaurant owners support the plan as they believe that a more pleasant environment will improve their trade. However, the hotel owners are less enthusiastic and say

that the traffic restriction will make access to their car parks very difficult. There have also been protects from local residents who complain that the closure of the seafront road will make their journeys around the town much longer.

Ex. 7. Open the brackets.

1. My car (damage) last night.

2. This computer (make) in the USA.

3. The machine (make) in Scotland.

4. The President (kill) last night.

5. The money (change into dollars) at the bank.

6. The parcel (post) yesterday.

7. Cheese (make) from milk.

8. The children (give) some food.

9. The house (paint) every ear.

10. Several people (hurt) in an accident last night.

11. He (show) the way to the station.

12. She (tell) the news when she returned home.

13. They (offer) the goods at a low price.

14. Children (teach) foreign languages at school.

15. They (pay) twice a month.

16. He (offer) some interesting work..

17. He (promise) immediate help.

18. The buyers (grant) a credit of six months.

19. They (give) detailed directions tomorrow.

20. The film (show) to us at 6 o’clock.

21. The child hopes he (give) a computer by Santa Claus, but his parents made up their minds that the boy (present) with a new scooter.

22. The boss assured the stuff they (tell) about the coming changes. “Toy (tell) of my future plans”, he said.

23. Don’t worry! The burglars (catch) by the police. – Hm, but they are sure they (not catch).

24. Get your passport ready, they (examine) by the officer. Do toy remember we were warned that our papers (examine) here?

25. The hole nation hoped he (elect) Prime-Minister.

26. Mind, you (punish) if you disobey my orders.

27. I wonder when my project paper (publish).

28. The child (bring up) in a respectable family.

29. They made sure that the child (bring up) by the decent people.

30. Don’t leave your outside. It (steal).

31. When he turns up he (tell) the truth.

32. The new spaceship (launch) in Florida in some days.

33. The delegation (meet) at the airport.

34. No one expected that the flight (delay).

35. We felt happy that the car (repair) the next day.

3. PROGRESSIVE FORMS

Ex. 8. Put the sentences into the Passive voice.

1. They are pulling down the old theatre.

2. People are spending far more money on food now.

3. The librarian says that they are starting a new system because people were not returning books.

4. They are building a new road here.

5. Mike is doing a lot of work.

6. They will be lengthening the runways at all the main airports.

7. It is now 6 a.m. and at most of the hospitals in the country they are awakening patients with cup of tea.

8. They were towing the damaged ship «Titanic» into harbour when the tow-line broke.

9. She is still typing the letters.

10. They were taking more effective measures at the time.

11. They will be building a new movie theatre in this square next year.

12. They are examining the students in room 206.

13. The government is spending little money on roads.

14. They were throwing stones into the sea.

15. Your can’t go in. They are interviewing her for the TV.

16. Our scientists are examining a new spaceship.

17. Our friends are making preparation to meet them.

18. They are preparing the meal now.

19. Tom and Harry were carrying our suitcases.

20. They will be discussing a very important question at the meeting tomorrow.

Ex. 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Present Progressive Passive.

1. Such mistakes (make) by even the best students.

2. The houses (build) of stone, brick and wood.

3. A new museum now (open).

4. A special rule (make) for students to be taken to the University.

5. The goods (examine) at the moment.

6. Papers (deliver) usually at 8 in the morning, they (look through) at the moment and you’ll get yours soon.

7. Dress (make) preferably of cotton in hot countries. This wonderful costume (make) specially for this performance now.

8. - What strange sounds!

- Oh, our piano (tune).

1. - Where is your car?

2. - It (fill) usually on the garage at the moment.

3. Tea (lay) usually on the balcony in fine weather.

4. We are finishing the last preparations for the party: the lights (switch on), the tables (lay). Do toy think we’ll be ready on time?

5. I’ve got two questions to you. First: «What language (speak) all over the world?» Second: «What language (speak) in this room?»

6. The witness (question) by the police-inspector now.

7. The old motorway (use) by many people, but it’s not very convent, that’s why a new ring-road (build) in the city.

8. Our luggage (examine) at the Custom now. Any luggage going abroad (check) usually here.

9. We (give) a lot of advice by our parents.

10. All the contacts (sign) by the President.

11. You’ll have your copy soon, the contract (type).

12. Lots of people (operate on) in this clinic. And now unfortunately my uncle John (operate) on here.

Ex. 10. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple or Past Progressive Passive form.

1. The student (ask) to tell the story again.

2. While the professor (speak) no sound was uttered.

3. A modern tune (play) when we came into the hall.

4. Every morning the boys (tell) what they had to do.

5. I sat down for a rest while the repairs (do).

6. At last the problem (solve) to everyone’s satisfaction.

7. The life of man (change) by the Industrial Revolution in the 19^th century.

8. A week ago the students of our group (choose) for jury service.

9. The game (play) with zest by both teams.

10. Last Friday he (meet) at the railway station.

11. Many towns (destroy) by the earthquake in Japan last year.

12. The helicopter (construct) in Russia.

13. He (throw) out of class cheating.

14. The pop singers arrived at the airport and (welcome) by thousands of fans. Flowers (throw) at them all the way to the exit.

15. The exposition (open) when we drove up to the picture gallery.

16. He couldn’t go out as his suit and shirt (clean).

17. The petrol tank (fill) last week.

18. The policeman noticed that the suitcase (carry) by the porter in a most strange way.

19. The naughty boy (teach) a very good lesson by his friends.

20. When I came to the skating-rink he (teach) to skate by his elder brother.

21. His cousin (fine) for exceeding speed limit yesterday.

22. I drove up to the shop just as it (close), but the owner was kind enough to let me in.

23. They (award) the highest prize.

24. She watched television while the dinner (prepare).

25. When I came into the kitchen I smelt something delicious. My favourite cookies (bake) in the oven.

4. PERFECT FORMS

Ex. 11. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.

1)

1. The secretary has recently brought this letter.

2. Jack has just spilled the milk.

3. My little brother has broken this cup.

4. She has dusted the room carefully.

5. He felt better when he had reached the post office, bought a registered envelope and posted the letter.

6. By the time the director came she had typed the letters.

7. They went home after they had finished the work.

8. He wondered why we had not visited him before.

9. car has been lent to me for the week.

10. They will have passed the exams by the end of June.

11. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.

12. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.

13. We shall have finished this report by 6 o’clock.

14. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.

15. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door.

16. Someone has already told her to report for duty at six.

17. Compare clothes which we have washed with clothes which any other laundry has washed.

18. The author will have written a special edition for children by the end of the year.

19. Have they bought the books?

20. Nobody have noticed the girl.

21. Have you given the children their milk?

22. What have you done about it?

23. They have built the house in record time.

24. By the time he came we had done it all.

25. They have proved the scientific theory to be false.

2)

1. Someone told us a very funny story yesterday.

2. The people gave him a hearty welcome.

3. They have offered my brother a very good job.

4. The house agents showed us very nice flats.

5. The secretary didn’t tell me the exact time of my appointment.

6. They have never taught that that rood boy good manners.

7. The teacher hasn’t asked Peter any questions at this lesson.

8. People wished the newly married couple a long and happy life.

9. They never tell me the family news.

10. The examiners didn’t give us enough time to answer all the questions.

11. A guide will show the tourists most of the sights of London.

12. They waste a lot of time discussing unimportant things.

13. They type the letters in the other office. They will type yours in a minute.

14. They are repairing my piano at the moment.

15. The guests ate all the sandwiches, and drank all the lemonade. They lest nothing.

16. Has someone posted my parcel.

17. Why did no one informed me of the change of the plan?

18. I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.

19. They haven’t stamped the letter.

20. She didn’t introduce me to her mother.

21. An earthquake destroyed the town.

22. He didn’t tell me the whole truth.

Ex. 12 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple Passive or Present Perfect Passive.

1. The decorations (complete) an hour ago.

2. The preparations for the party just (finish) and the guests are already arriving.

3. The baby (feed) an hour ago.

4. Christopher (feed) yet? - Not yet.

5. He (not see) for a week already.

6. The paper (not ready) by anyone yet.

7. The suit (not wear) for a long time.

8. This fact (not mention) in his last speech.

9. I’m happy as I just (allow) to stay here for an extra day.

10. She (teach) music in her childhood.

11. You ever (teach) how to play chess?

12. I just (advise) to keep to a diet.

13. The sportsmen (give) instructions before the match.

14. The motorist (disqualify) some five months ago.

15. I can’t believe my eyes! My book (publish) already!

Ex. 13. Complete the text with expressions given below.

had been given had been told had never been taught

was given (twice) was offered was promised

was shown wasn’t being paid was sent

I’ll never forget my first day at that office. I __(1)__ to arrive at 8.30, but when I got there the whole place seemed to be empty. I didn’t know what to do, because I __(2)__ no information about the building or where I was going to work, so I just waited around until some of the secretaries began to turn up. Finally I __(3)__ a dirty little office on the fifth floor, where I __(4)__ a desk in a corner. Nothing happened for an hour; then I __(5)__ some letters to type on a computer by one of the senior secretaries. This wasn’t very successful, because I __(6)__ how to use a computer. (in the letter I __(7)__ when I __(8)__ the job, I __(9)__ computer training, but they’d obviously forgotten about this.) By lunchtime things hadn’t got any better, and I decided that I __(10)__ enough to put up with the nonsense, so I walked out and didn’t go back.

SECTION III.

1. THE PASSIVE MIXED FORMS

Ex. 14. Open the brackets, using the correct form in the Passive.

1. Don’t enter the room! A student (to examine) there.

2. The event (to report) by the newspapers before they arrived home.

3. After the accident he (to take) home immediately.

4. The letter (to type) by the typist when I came in.

5. I am sure that his work (to complete) by the end of the month.

6. Some new magazines just (to bring). Would you like to look them through?

7. The exercises usually (to correct) by the teacher at home.

8. I can’t show you my written work as it not (to return) by my teacher.

9. Many new houses (to build) in our town lately.

10. We think that the ship ( to charter) next week.

11. The goods not (to examine) yet at the custom-house. When they (to examine)?

12. The question which (to discuss) now at the conference is very important.

13. This bridge (to build) in 1954.

14. The contract (to type) before the director comes to the office.

15. Important scientific work (to carry on) by that institute.

16. All the students (to examine) by five o’clock.

17. The documents not (to sign) yet by the manager. They to check now.

18. She (to frighten) by a loud noise in the street.

19. This book (publish) soon.

20. Ann (ask) when I entered the classroom.

21. I’m not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend).

22. This copy (not read). The pages (not cut).

23. Why the car (not lock) or (put) at the garage?

24. The damaged ship (tow) into harbour when the towline broke.

25. This room (use) only on special occasions.

26. Bicycles must not (leave) in the hall.

27. He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning.

28. It was a lonely road, and the girl was afraid; she thought she (follow).

29. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month.

30. The little girl is the only child, and she (spoil) by her parents and grandparents.

31. Normally this street (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday.

32. It was very cold yesterday afternoon, but we couldn’t light a fire in the sitting room; the chimney (sweep).

33. This purse (leave) in a classroom yesterday, it (find) by the cleaner.

34. Thousands of new houses (build) every year.

35. When I saw the car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour.

36. This room (not used) for ages.

37. The children are very exited this morning. They (take) to the circus this afternoon..

38. My keys (return) to me; they (pick up) in the street.

Ex. 15. Open the brackets. Use the necessary tenses in the Passive Voice.

1. Look! There’s nothing here. Everything (to take) away.

2. We (to tell) to wait because the man (to question) just.

3. If anyone comes in you (to find) looking through his papers.

4. We can’t get there in time. By the time we get there the papers (to destroy).

5. Why nothing (to do) about it at the time?

6. You can’t go in. She (to interview) for the TV.

7. She promised that nothing (to do) till he came back

8. I had a most unpleasant feeling that I (to watch).

9. She looked a different girl. Her face (to watch), her hair (to comb).

10. We could still see the tracks where the car (to drag) off the road.

Ex. 16. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.

1. You can’t use the refrigerator at the moment, it (to fix) by the mechanic.

2. A new metro line (to construct) now. One of its station (to build) in our street.

3. Like many medieval cities, Moscow developed round the walls of a stronghold. First a brick wall (to build) around the merchants’ quarter which (to know) as Kitaigorod, then, in the 16^th century, a new wall (to erect) round the so-called Bely Gorod.

1. Maize (to use) by many peoples of the world to make their bread.

2. A second talk on how to handle the new machine (to give) tomorrow at the same time by one of the inventors.

3. No objections to the plan (to offer) so far, but it (not to introduce) until it (to put) to vote.

4. Everybody was busy as a welcoming party (to operate) in honour of the distinguished visitors.

5. Some final touches (to put) to the picture; it (to complete) in a quarter of an hour.

6. Evidently the tea (to sweeten) before I put sugar into it.

Ex.17. Write passive sentences.

1. Chinese (speak) in Singapore.

2. The Taj Mahal (build) around 1640.

3. The new hospital (open) next year.

4. She (interview) now

5. I released I (follow).

6. (You invite) to Andy’s party.

7. He found that all his money (steal).

8. These computers (make) in Korea.

9. Passengers (ask) not to speak to the driver.

10. Sorry about the noise - the road (mend).

11. The village church (burn down) last year.

12. A Roman pavement (just find) under Oxford street.

Ex. 18. Put the verbs in brackets into a suitable tense in the passive.

The building at the top of the High Street is Barford Hall. It (build) in 1827 and today it (regard) as the finest Georgian building in the country. A number of changes (make) since it was built, but the front of the building (not change). Today the Hall (own) by Bardale Council, and for the last ten years it (use) as a home for Barford Arts Centre. At the moment a small art gallery (build) behind the Hall.

Ex. 19. Put the verbs into a suitable tense in the passive. Dramatise the dialogue. Rewrite the dialogue in the Reported Speech.

MARY: NEIL: MARY: NEIL: MARY: NEIL: MARY: NEIL: MARY: NEIL: MARY: NEIL: MARY:

Hi! I’m back. Sorry I’m late. Hello. What kept you? I had to use the ring road and I (stick) in a traffic jam for forty minutes. Why didn’t you use the usual route? Because the road (close) until work on the access road to the new hospital (complete). When is it due to (finish)? Well, the access road (open) by the Mayor next week, according to the newspaper, and the Health Minister (invite) to open the hospital on the same day, but they don’t know yet whether she’s definitely coming. A lot of money (waste) if she doesn’t come. Why is that? Haven’t you seen all those rose bushes that (plant) round the hospital? So? They’ll be lovely for the patients. But the patients won’t bee able to see them, because they’re round the entrance, and the wards look out in the other direction. A lot of people protested about it, but all their complains (ignore) until it was too late. If they had money to spare, it (spend) on facilities for patients, not on making the front look pretty for the Minister.

NEIL: MARY: NEIL:

Absolutely. It’s typical of this local council. They (elect) to save money, but they do just the opposite. Perhaps they (throw) out at the next election. I hope so. Now, are you ready for supper?

Ex. 20. Rewrite these sentences in the Passive.

1. Glinka composed the opera «Ivan Susanin».

2. This mine will produce large quantities of coal this year.

3. A railway line connects the village with the town.

4. A famous architect designed this theatre.

5. This plant had fulfilled the yearly plan by the 15^th November.

6. The student read the text aloud

7. The teacher will correct the student’s composition.

8. Soviet scientists are making wonderful discoveries.

9. Who has written this article?

10. The workers are unloading the steamer.

11. The director has just signed the letter.

12. The customs officer is counting the cases.

13. When he entered the room, the legal adviser was checking the contract.

14. The buyers will insure the cargo with «Gosstrakh».

15. As the buyers had not opened a letter of credit, we could not ship the goods.

2. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE? MIXED TENSES.

Ex. 21. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite in the Active or in the Passive Voice.

1. A note (bring) in, addressed to Eleanor, and (put) on a table to await her.

2. When the door (close), old Jolyon (drop) his paper, and (stare) long and anxiously in front of him.

3. To his knowing eyes the scene below easily (explain).

4. Then the door (shut) behind him/

5. Finally his name (call), and the boy (push) forward to her.

6. Taking the lamp, they (go) into the woodshed where the coal (deposit).

7. Finally he (persuade) by Bass to go away.

8. But when autumn (come) the cows (drive) home from the grass.

9. I (lead) the way up and as I (reach) the top, the door (open) by Mr. Smith.

10. At lunch nothing (discuss) but the latest news.

11. Bass, a very much astonished boy, (set) free.

12. «Will you work on this job all your life?» The question (ask) with sincere interest.

13. Jerry (know) he (hide) by darkness and the massive foliage. She (tap) on the door. John (open) it

14. For the few first minutes he (occupy) with eating; then as his appetite (quiet), he (take) his time.

15. The living-room (sweep), (mop) and (dust).

Ex 22. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Simple, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect in the Active or in the Passive Voice.

1. Each of the children (receive) a due share of Mrs. Gerhardt’s attention. The little baby closely (look) after her.

2. From the clink of dishes one could tell that supper (prepare).

3. He (take) them out to the house, and George (show) the way to the office.

4. The front door of his house (unlock) as he (leave) it.

5. Mrs. Brown (come) to inform her that dinner already (serve).

6. His phrase (greet) by a strange laugh from a student who (sit) near the wall.

7. Jennie (leave) alone, but, the wood-dove, she (be0 a voice of sweetness in the summer-time.

8. Anne (not see) Henry until the party (seat).

9. In the meantime the evening meal (announce), and she (go) and (join) the family.

10. Lester (not attend) the wedding, though he (invite).

11. While the supper (eat) Sebastian (offer) a suggestion to go there immediately.

12. Anne (shake) by the incredible change of his tone.

13. She (want) things not so much for herself as for her child , and she (be) anxious to do whatever she (tell).

14. The house (look) after with scrupulous care by others, for Jennie (be) incapable of attending to it herself.

15. As she (come) to the carriage the door (open) and (see) a woman there.

16. When the phone (ring), I (reach) for the phone, and (tell) I (call) from Moscow.

17. In the meanwhile Jennie (leave) to brood.

18. At the very second the beautiful music she (listen) to (listen) by everyone who (be) there.

19. Mark (open) his eyes hard, (shake) his head, and (look) at the other bed. It (not sleep) in.

Ex. 23. Put the verb in brackets into the required tense in the Active or in the Passive Voice.

1.)

1. We constantly (disturb) by unnecessary telephone calls yesterday.

2. I (take) aback by what you (tell) me just now.

3. Tell me the truth, you (shock) by what I (say)?

4. The office (fill) with the activity of the radio show.

5. The game (play) well by both teams last Sunday.

6. Cleveland like every other growing city at this time (crowd) with those who (seek) employment.

7. At Bass’s suggestion Jennie (write) her mother to come at once, and a week are or later a suitable house (find) and (rent).

8. Every morning the boys (tell0 what to do.

9. The storyteller (ask) to tell the tale again.

2)

1. When we (come) in a meal (prepare) for us.

2. What tune (play) when we (come) in?

3. I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair).

4. The man (operate) on when the lights (go) out.

5. It take a moment before Nick (realise) that he (offer) a newspaper.

6. I couldn’t take any photographs because my camera (repair) at that time.

3)

1. I suppose you (tell) this before.

2. Come in and have your milk. It (keep) hot for you long. You (be) late. Where you (be)?

3. It (occur) to me that for the last twenty-two hours my life (govern) by yours - by your needs.

4. «You (live) in the same house?» he finally (inquire(. «NO, we (move) out. We (give) a new flat.»

5. We always (invite) there.

4)

1. When she (go), he (settle) down with the clock - a Dutch piece too heavy to take away; it (pick) up by James, (chime) everything, and a lot of stars on its face.

2. When the last good-bye (say) and last sound of wheels and hooves (die) away, she (go) into her room.

3. He (say) he (detain) on business.

Ex. 24. Read this letter from Maurice, who is on holiday in Britain, to his sister Sally in New Zealand. Put the verbs in a suitable tense, active or passive.

Dear Sally,

How are you? We’ve been having a lovely time. We’re very well looked after by our hosts. We (take) sightseeing and we (introduce) to some of their friends, who (make) us feel very welcome. Last night we (show) round a castle, by the owner! Most of the land in this area (belong) to his family for about five hundred years. Apparently, the land (give) to them after one of the his ancestors (kill) while trying to save the king’s life. Quite romantic, isn’t it?

The castle itself was a little bit disappointing, to be absolutely honest. The owner told us that it (suffer) serious damage during a fire about thirty years ago. When it (restore) they (add) central heating and things like that. So once you’re inside it (not feel) much different to any other large, old house. But the owner is a real character. He told us lots of stories about things that (happen) to him when he was abroad to work in a bank, but he hated it, so he (behave) very badly in order to (sack). He kept us laughing for hours. I hope he (invite) here before we leave.

I’ll have lots more to tell you when we get back. Take care.

Yours affectionately,

Maurice.

Ex. 25. Use the notes to write sentences about American history. Put the important underlined information at the end of the sentence.

E.g.: Britain - rule the American colonies

The American colonies were ruled by Britain.

1. Washington - become - President

Washington____

1. buy - Louisiana - from France.

Louisiana____

1. discover - gold - California

____

1. the North - win - the Civil War

____

1. black people - want - equal rights

____

1. shoot -Kennedy -1963

____

SECTION IV.

1. THE PASSIVE AFTER MODAL VERBS

(see note 6 p. 3)

Ex. 26. Put the sentences into the passive voice.

1. I must do it at once.

2. You can use the material for your work.

3. I can’t send off the letter today.

4. We couldn’t finish the work in time.

5. You may leave the dictionaries on the table.

6. We have to do this work every day.

7. They had to put the goods on the deck.

8. The sellers are to charter a ship for the transportation of the goods.

9. You should change the end of your story.

10. The committee must discuss the question immediately.

11. The accountant mast check the invoice.

12. The manufactures can deliver the machine at the end of the month.

13. The agent must inform the buyers of the arrival of the steamer.

14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.

15. You should keep the flowers in a worm sunny place.

16. He must clean this machine every time he uses it.

17. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.

18. You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment in progress.

19. The children shouldn’t have opened that parcel.

20. All visitors must wear identity badges.

Ex. 27. Complete the sentences with the given words using them in the passive.

1. James (should + tell) the news as soon as possible.

2. James (should + tell) the news a long time ago.

3. Meat (must + keep) in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

4. We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open). It was painted shut.

5. Good news! I (may + offer) a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

6. The class for next semester is too large. It (ought to + divide) in half, but there is not enough money in the budget to hire another teacher.

7. Last semester’s class was too large. It (ought to +divide) in half.

8. These books (have to + return) to the library by tomorrow.

9. A: Andy, your chores (had better + finish) by the time I get home, including taking out the garbage.

B: Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll do everything you told me to do.

1. Ann’s birthday was on the 5^th, and now it is already the 8^th. Her birthday card (should + send) a week ago. May be we’d better give her a call to wish her a belated happy birthday.

Ex. 28. Use the verb in parentheses with any appropriate modal or similar expressions. All of the sentences are passive. In many sentences, more than one modal is possible. Use the modal that sounds best to you.

1. The entire valley (see) from their mountain home.

2. He is wearing a gold band on his fourth finger. He (marry).

3. According to our teacher, all of our compositions (write) in ink. He won’t accept papers written in pencil.

4. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It (leave) by one of the students in the earlier class.

5. Five of the committee members will be unable to attend the next meeting. In my opinion, the meeting (postpone).

6. A child (give, not) everything he or she wants.

7. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing (encourage).

8. Try to speak slowly when you give your speech. If you don’t, some of your words (misunderstand).

9. Some UFO sightings (explain, not) easily. No one is able to explain them easily.

2. PASSIVE VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONAL OBJECTS

(see note 10 p. 4)

In these exercises most of the sentences contain a verb + preposition/adverb combinations. The preposition of adverb must be retained when the combination is put into the passive. In most of the sentences it is not necessary to mention the agent.

Ex. 29. Give the corresponding passive construction.

1. We looked through all advertisements very attentively

2. The gardener gathered all the dry leaves and set fire to them.

3. People will talk much about the successful debut of the young actress, no doubt.

4. You can rely upon your guide’s experience.

5. Why didn’t the speaker dwell longer upon this question?

6. You should send the sick man to hospital. They will look after him much better there.

7. He was very glad that nobody took notice of his late arrival.

8. He was a brilliant speaker, and, whenever he spoke, the audience listened to him with great attention.

9. Why did they laugh at him?

10. Nobody ever referred to that incident

11. U sent my daughter for the doctor.

12. We listened to the teacher very attentively.

13. We spoke much about his speech.

14. His friend always found fault with him.

15. We often refer to his article.

16. They agreed upon the plan.

17. People often ask for this book.

18. My friend always takes care of my little sister.

19. They took no notice of his words.

20. They will listen to his lectures with great interest.

21. His friends always laugh at him.

22. We have lived in this house.

23. A distinguished surgeon will operate on my sister.

Ex. 30. Give the corresponding passive construction.

1. Everybody objected to his proposal.

2. We sent for comrade D. as soon as the telegram arrived.

3. I think that we can rely on this information.

4. They insisted on these terms.

5. They often refer to his book.

6. Everybody looked at them when they entered the hall.

7. Do you think that we can rely on these figures?

8. I’m afraid that they will not arrive at an agreement.

9. I’m sure that the newspapers will comment on this event.

10. I’m sure that nobody will object to this plan.

11. Will they listen to him with interest?

12. Did they speak much of this event?

13. They must look in to this matter.

14. You must send for them as soon as possible.

15. The contract provided for the delivery of caviar at regular intervals.

16. They must dispose of the goods in the near future.

17. You can depend on her.

18. Many facts accounted for the rise in the price of tin.

19. They may object to your plan.

20. They must comment on this event.

21. Nobody laughed at him when he said it.

22. You should refer to this quotation more often.

23. You must listen to your teacher very attentively.

24. You must not interfere with them.

25. You should not insist on it.

Ex. 31. Put the sentence with a verb + preposition/adverb combination into the passive.

1. The government has called out troops.

2. Fog held up the trains.

3. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on.

4. We called in the police.

5. They didn’t look after the children properly.

6. Then they called up the men of 28.

7. Everyone looked up to him.

8. All the ministers will see him off at the airport.

9. He hasn’t slept in his bed.

10. We can build on more rooms.

11. They threw him out.

12. They will have to adopt a different attitude.

13. He’s a dangerous maniac. They ought to lock him up.

14. Her story didn’t take them in.

15. Burglars broke into the house.

16. The manufactures are giving away small toys with each packet of cereal.

17. They took down the notice.

18. They frown on smoking here.

19. After the government had spent a million pounds on the scheme they decided that it was impracticable and gave it up. (Make only the first and last verbs passive.)

20. People must hand in their weapons.

21. The crowd shouted him down.

22. People often take him for his brother.

23. No one has taken out the cork.

24. The firm company were to have used the pool for aquatic displays, but now they have changed their minds about it and are filling it in. (Make the first and last verbs passive.)

25. This college is already full. We are turning away the whole time.

26. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning regulations.

Ex. 32. Translate into Russian.

1. My watch it fast? It cannot be relied upon.

2. Children are well taken care of by the Soviet Government.

3. Why was he laughed at?

4. He is always listened to with great interest.

5. She is very well spoken of.

6. When was sent for?

7. He promised that the matter would be looked into.

8. The time of shipment has been agreed upon.

9. As an agreement had not been arrived at, the dispute was by arbitration.

10. The goods were disposed of by auction.

11. The clause proposed by the buyers was objected to by the sellers.

12. The doctor, who was immediately sent for, said that the sick man must be taken to the hospital.

13. Yesterday I saw the film which is much spoken about.

14. I should like to read the article referred to by the professor.

15. We cannot change the terms of payment which were agreed upon during the negotiations.

16. The speaker, who was listened to with great interest, spoke about the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.

17. The terms agreed upon were advantageous for both the parties.

18. I want to have some handbooks on this question, which can be retired on.

19. This is a book often referred to.

20. The article of the agreement objected to during the negotiations must reconsidered.

Ex. 33. Express in the passive the second of each of the following pairs of sentences. Do not mention the active subjects. The first two sentences are done for you.

Examples: 1. He seldom keeps his promise. No one can rely on him. He can’t be relied on.

2. He’s very sensitive. He doesn’t like people to laugh at him. He doesn’t like to be laughed at.

1. The child is very ill. Someone must send for the doctor.

2. The old car is in excellent condition. The owner has looked after it very well.

3. He was speaking for two hours. The people listened to him in complete silence.

4. She is going into hospital tomorrow. The doctors and nurses will take good care of her.

5. This little boy is always dirty. No one looks after him properly.

6. She is always breaking things in the kitchen. Someone must speak to her about her carelessness.

7. He’s sensible man. People listen to his advise carefully.

8. The dentist said her teeth were very bad. No one had taken care of them.

9. He never broke a promise in his life. People could always rely on him.

10. Shakespeare was born more than 400 years ago. People look upon him as the greatest of English poets.

3. THE PASSIVE WITH GET

We sometimes use get in the passive rather than be:

Lots of postmen get bitten by dogs.

How did the painting get damaged?

I’m always getting chosen for the unpleasant jobs.

We use get mainly in informal English. We use get to emphasise action or change. We often use it for something happening by accident, unexpectedly, or in an unplanned way.

We also use get in idiomatic expressions, e.g. get washed, get dressed (changed), get engaged (married/divorced), get started.

Ex. 34. Look at these newspaper headlines and tell your friend what’s in the news. Use the passive with get in the present perfect (e.g. has got) or the present continuous (e.g. are getting).

E.g.: Post office loses important document

You: An important document has got lost.

1. Heavy lorries damaging motor ways

You: The motorways _______________________

1. Vandals knock wall down

You: A wall ______________________________

1. Storm blows off roof

You: A roof ______________________________

1. Companies paying industrial workers higher wages

You: Industrial workers _____________________

Ex. 35. Complete the sentences. If possible, use a tense of the verb get. Otherwise use the verb be.

1. I never found that book we were looking for. It ____ lost when we moved house

2. After the way he behaved last time he went to their house it’s unlikely he ____ asked there again.

3. Naturally this vase is expensive. After all, it ____ believed to be over three hundred years old.

4. I phoned to explain what had happened but I ____ cut off before I could finish.

5. There isn’t any cheese left; it ____ eaten by the children.

6. He was a well-known expert on animal diseases and his opinions ____ greatly respected.

7. The competition is stiff and be thrilled if her design ____ chosen.

8. The book ____ torn when the children started fighting over who should read it first.

9. Please don’t touch anything on my desk. You ____ employed to answer the telephone, not to tidy the office.

10. She was quite friendly at first, then she ____ promoted and she doesn’t care about us any more.

Ex. 36. Complete the sentences by using an appropriate form of get and the given verbs.

E.g.: I think I’ll stop working. I ____ (tire).

I think I’ll stop working. I am getting tired.

1. There was an accident, but nobody ____ (hurt).

2. We didn’t have a map, so we ____ (lose).

3. We can’t leave as soon as you ____ (dress).

4. When you ____ (marry).

5. How long did it take you to ____ (accustom) to living here?

6. Sam was supposed to be home an hour ago, but he still isn’t here. I____ (worry).

7. Just try to take it easy. Don’t ____ (upset).

8. I ____ (confuse) because everybody gave me different advice.

9. We can’t leave as soon as I ____ (do) with his work.

10. Chris ____ (depress) when she lost her job, so I tried to cheer her up.

11. You ____ (invite) to the party?

12. I ____ (bore), so I didn’t stay for the end of the movie.

13. I’ll be ready to leave as soon as I ____ (pack).

14. I ____ (pay) on I’ll give you the money I owe you next Friday. Okay?

15. After Ed graduated he ____ (hire) by an engineering firm.

16. But later he ____ (fire) because he didn’t do his work.

17. Last night I ____ (finish, not) with my homework until after midnight.

18. I ____ (disgust) and left because the things they were saying at the meeting were ridiculous.

19. First, they ____ (engage). Then, they ____ (marry). Later, they ____ (divorce). Finally, they ____ (remarry). Today they are very happy.

Ex. 37. Create sentences with get and the given words.

Confused married done excited scared

dressed finished lost hurt cheated

bored elected worried prepared wrinkled

4. PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH AND WITHOUT BY

In a passive sentences we mentioned the agent, the person or thing doing action, only if it is important. We do not mention the agent when:

1. the agent does not add any new information:

The money was stolen.

The men were arrested last night.

We do not need to say that the money was stolen by a thief or that the men were arrested by the police.

2. the agent is not important:

The streets are cleaned every day.

Oil has been discovered in Bavaria.

Who discovered the oil is less important than the fact that it is there.

3. it is difficult to say who the agent is:

This kind of jacket is considered very smart.

A number of attempts have been made to the Loch Ness monster.

Empty subject (you, they, people etc.)

We can use an ‘empty subject’ such as you, one, they, people or someone. We can sometimes use them instead of the passive, especially in conversation. Compare:

ACTIVE You/One should check the details. They’re increasing the rents. People use this footpath every day. Someone took my purse.

PASSIVE The details should be checked. The rents are being increased. This footpath is used every day. My purse was taken.

Ex. 38. Rewrite these verbs as passives, keeping them in the same tense, and removing they, we, someone, etc.

1. We clean the garages every day.

The garages are cleaned every day.

1. Someone has given him a lot of money.

2. The police arrested two hundred people.

3. We check every car engine thoroughly.

4. We export this computer to seventy different countries.

5. They have cancelled the meeting.

6. We opened the factory at nine o'clock.

7. They send two million books to America every year.

8. We have invited all the students in the school.

9. We have told him not to be late again.

10. They posted all the letters yesterday.

11. The machine wraps the bread automatically.

12. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.

13. Fortunately, they didn't damage the machinery.

14. We send the newspapers to Scotland by train.

Ex. 39. Rewrite these sentences in the passive. The subject of the active sentence can usually be omitted; you should include in the passive sentences only if it is necessary:

1. Someone's interview Dr Johnson at the moment.

Dr Johnson____

Dr Johnson's being interviewed at the moment.

1. You mustn't use this machine after 5:30 p.m.

This machine____

1. We had warned him the day before not to go too near to the canal.

He____

1. They were painting the outside of the ship when the accident happened.

The outside of the ship____

1. You must clean this machine every time you use it.

This machine____

1. You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place.

The flowers____

1. They're mending your shoes at the moment.

Your shoes____

1. Someone will drive your car to Edinburg on Tuesday.

Your car____

1. You should pay your bill before you leave the hotel.

Your bill____

1. I have told the children about the party.

The children____

1. About thirty million people watching this programme.

This programme____

1. We expect students not to talk during the examination.

Students____

1. You mustn't touch this button while experiment is in progress.

This button____

1. Someone will blow a whistle if there is a emergency.

A whistle____

1. Someone was carrying the bomb to a safe place when it exploded.

The bomb____

1. Someone's moved my chair!

My chair____

1. The police are questioning Mr and Mrs Davidson.

Mr and Mrs Davidson____

1. Someone checks the water level every week.

The water level____

1. We invited two hundred people to the wedding.

Two hundred people____

1. We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.

Smoking _____

Ex. 40. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the Passive. Make any other changes necessary.

The company is sorry to announce that the situation has forced it to introduce a range of cost-cutting measures as from the beginning of the new year. Unfortunately, we can no longer provide free tea and coffee. Someone is going to install new coin-operated machines in every department and you can purchase a wide range of drinks from these. We will also stop overtime payments after the end of this month and we will expect all members of staff to complete their duties within their contact hours. You must no longer make personal calls from office phones and we request you to use the payphone in the basement for this purpose.

Ex. 41. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the Passive. Make any other changes necessary. Reproduce the dialogues in the Reported Speech.

Jane is talking to her friend Greg about her holiday.

G: J:

So, how was the holiday? Oh, it was fantastic. They organised everything so well. As soon as we arrived at the airport, our courier met us and took us to hotel. Someone had cleaned all the rooms beautifully and put fresh flowers on the tables.

G: J: G: J:

Oh, how lovely. And what about the food? It was excellent. They freshly prepared it all in the hotel and they even made the bread in the hotel kitchen. They served bread rolls hot every morning with breakfast. Mm, it does sound good. I must say, I'd like someone to cook my meals for me for a couple of weeks. And what about the surrounding area? Was that nice? Oh, beautiful. There were trips every day and they showed us all the local sights. There was so much history to see, You'd love it there, honestly.

Ex. 42. Read this information about what happened to the Watsons.

Someone broke into the Watsons’ house at the weekend. The burglar took some jewellery. But he didn’t do any damage. A young policewoman interviewed Mrs Watson. The police found some fingertips, and the police computer identified the burglar. The police have arrested a man and are questioning him.

Complete the passive sentences in this conversation. Use phrase with by only if it adds information.

Mrs Watson: Our house was broken into at the weekend.

Mrs Owen: Oh, no!

Mrs Watson: Some jewellery __(1)__. But no damage __(2)__.

Mrs Owen: Did the police come and see you?

Mrs Watson: Yes, of course. I __(3)__.

Mrs Owen: Do they know who the burglar was?

Mrs Watson: Oh, yes. Some __(4)__, and the __(5)__. A man __(6)__.

Mrs Owen: Oh, good. Well, I hope you get your jewellery back.

Ex. 43. Rewrite the sentences beginning in the way shown. Do not use by unless it is important to the meaning.

1. The company has cut all salaries.

All salaries have been cut.

1. The bank manager kept me waiting for half an hour.

I ______________________________________________________

1. Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course.

All travel expenses for this training course ______________________

1. Do you suppose your brother could have written such a letter?

Do you suppose such a letter ________________________________

1. They use a computer to do that job nowadays.

A computer ______________________________________________

1. During the recession, the firm was making people redundant almost every week.

During the recession people _________________________________

1. Nobody informed the police that there had been a mistake.

The police _______________________________________________

1. Where will your company send you next year?

Where will you __________________________________________?

1. The news about the famine distressed Josephine.

Josephine _______________________________________________

1. I’ve still got the camera because no none has claimed it.

I’ve still got the camera because it ____________________________

1. Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion?

Have you _______________________________________________?

5. PASSIVE STRUCTURES OF THE VERBS

WITH TWO OBJECTS.

Some verbs can have two objects – an indirect object (the person receiving something) and a direct object (the thing that someone gives)

INDIRECT OBJECT DIRECT OBJECT

Kate gave me this cassette.

I’ll send my cousin a present.

We can say the same thing with a different pattern.

DIRECT OBJECT PHRASE WITH TO OR FOR

Kate gave the cassette to someone else.

I’ll send a present to my cousin.

a) We can use the to pattern or an indirect object with the verbs of giving: give, lend, hand, pass, throw; send, post, bring, take; pay, sell; promise; show, offer; read, write, tell, teach; owe; leave (in a will).

In an active sentence, a verb of giving can have two different patterns after it. They both have the same meaning.

The Queen gave a medal to the pilot.

The Queen gave the pilot a medal.

Verbs with two objects have two possible passive structures. Either a medal or the pilot can be the subject of a passive sentence:

A medal was given to the pilot.

The pilot was given a medal.

The first of these two sentences is about a medal, and it tells us who received it. The second is about the pilot, and it tells us what he received. We choose the structure which fits best with what comes before and after. The structure with the person as subject is probably more common.

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
They gave the winner a prize.	The winner was given a prize.
They gave a prize to the winner.	A prize was given to the winner.

Ex. 44. Change the structure

1. Nothing was sent to me. I was sent nothing.

2. Papers were brought to us to sign.

3. A clock was given to Henry when he retired.

4. Stories were read to the children.

5. ‡ 5,000 is owed to me.

6. A new job has been offered to me.

7. A car has been lent to me for the week.

8. A full explanation was promised to us.

9. A lot of lies were told to me by the secretary.

10. Useful work skills are taught to our staff.

11. Company shares are offered to most employees.

12. People with initiative are given opportunities.

13. Six weeks’ holiday is allowed to all employees.

14. People moving house are given help.

15. Women who leave to have children are paid a sum of money.

b) We can use the for pattern or an indirect object with these verbs: buy, get, fetch, bring; find; leave, save; reserve, order, book; make, cook, build; pick, choose:

They found a spare ticket for me. OR They found me a spare ticket.

With these verbs practically only one passive construction is used, i. e. When the direct object becomes the subject of the Passive Construction:

A spare ticket was found for me.

Ex. 45. Change the structure using the Passive Voice (give two variants where possible).

1. Tim lent Sarah his calculator.

2. Brian sent a message to his wife.

3. I sold my bike to my brother.

4. The boss promised the workers a pay rise.

5. I’ve saved you a seat.

6. Someone passed the sugar to Dave.

7. Peter told the joke to all his friends.

8. Sam gave his flat-mate some help.

9. I am making our guests a cake.

10. Could you send me a bill?

11. I have bought a present for you.

12. My brother read the letter to me.

13. He is showing Granny his picture.

14. Tom fetched some books to Monica.

15. We owe $ 20,000 to the bank.

16. He will get some beer to me.

17. I wrote my teacher a letter of apology.

18. Sarah threw the ball to Kirsty.

19. They showed her the shortest way to the station.

20. My mother taught me English.

21. Tom has just told me a good story.

22. She will lend me this book on Tuesday.

23. My friend gave me a good piece of advice how to do this job.

24. She told us her name after we had asked her twice.

25. I sent her brother a telegram.

26. Jill had paid the money to the cashier before the shop was closed.

c) The verbs: explain, describe, dictate, repeat, mention, say, suggest, introduce, declare, deliver, present, recommend, prove, point out do not have the indirect object first. With these verbs only one Passive Construction is used.

Ex. 46. Change the structure using the Passive Voice.

1. Can you explain the plan to us?

2. I’ve come to say goodbye to you.

3. I suggested a new method to her.

4. Describe your wife to me.

5. The teacher is dictating new words to the students.

6. He won’t repeat his orders to them.

7. His brother has already mentioned this interesting detail to me.

8. The court declared to us that the bank was bankrupt.

9. The host had introduced all his guests to his cousin before the meals were brought.

10. Who delivers the mail to you?

11. The expert will prove this fact to you at the next meeting.

12. The lecturer has pointed out this interesting detail to the audience.

13. She decided to devote her life to handicapped people.

14. “I have been explaining this rule to you for two hours,” – he said irritably.

SECTION V.

R E V I S I O N

Part 1.

Ex. 47. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice where possible.

1. Goldfish live in fresh water.

2. The Egyptians built pyramids.

3. Walked 4 miles yesterday.

4. They arrived at 7 last night.

5. They informed me about it.

6. I slept till 8.

7. It’s raining.

8. You must obey the rules.

9. He’s sneezing again.

10. You can buy videos like this anywhere.

11. Someone has to write the history of this place.

12. The have sold their car to pay the debts.

13. They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week.

14. They have proved that there is no life in the Moon.

15. They owe a lot of money to Moscow Narodny Bank.

Ex. 48. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the Passive. Make any other changes where necessary.

1. They should have given us this information ages ago. This information should have been given to us ages ago.

2. Do you want to someone to wake you up in the morning?

3. I don’t like someone telling me what to do.

4. The windows are really dirty: no-one’s cleaned them for weeks.

5. After the company made him redundant, he became very depressed.

6. I would like them to have given me the chance to explain my point of view, but they weren’t interested.

7. I’m hoping they will choose me for the college football team.

8. People believe that many more people will die of skin cancer over the next ten years.

9. If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have finished the job on time.

10. We can’t take the car: the people at the garage are repairing it.

Ex. 49. Most of the sentences contain one mistake. Correct it of write “right”.

1. My neighbour is very proud of her new grandson Kiriusha who born last week.

2. I’m very fond of this old brooch because it was belonged to my grandmother.

3. My family live in Montego Bay but I was educated in Kingston.

4. I’m afraid I can’t lend you my camera. It’s repairing this week.

5. The bridge was collapsed during the floods but fortunately no one was using it at the time.

6. If you aren’t careful what you’re doing with that hammer someone will hurt in a minute!

7. The word “stupid” was in my report but it wasn’t referred to you.

8. I’m sorry I’m late. I got held up in the traffic.

9. When did you discover that the money had been disappeared?

10. Children under the age of seven do not allow in this pool.

Ex. 50. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES

Lord Manning was a rich and famous banker. When he (die), he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by 16 black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Mannings (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd , they (watch) the procession. As solemn music (can/hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) to the other and (whisper) in admiration: ”Now, that’s what I call really living!”

Ex. 51. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

FISHY TALES

Mermaids (see) … by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaids myths (suppose) …to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used to (show) …in funfairs until recently. It all began in 1817 when a “mermaid” (buy) …for $6,00 by a sailor in South Pacific. She (eventually sell) …to the great circus owner Barnum. She (exhibit) …in 1842 as “The Feejee Mermaid”.

It (say)… that she earned Barnum $ 1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must/disappoint)… . She (cleverly make) …by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey’s head (delicately sew) …to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skilfully do) …that the joint between the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must/require) …to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair!

Ex. 52. Use passive or active, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets.

1. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s oxygen (produce) there.

2. The game (win, probably) by the other team tomorrow. They’re a lot better than we are.

3. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) it, including my friend, who (interview) by the police.

4. In my country, certain prices (control) by the government, such as prices for medical supplies. However, other prices (determine) by how much people are willing to pay for a product.

5. Yesterday the wind (blow) my hat off my head. I had to chase it down the street. I (want, not) to lose it because it’s my favourite hat and it (cost) me a lot.

6. Right now Alex is in the hospital. He (treat) for a bad burn on his hand and arm.

7. Yesterday a purse-snatcher (catch) by a dog. While the thief (chase) by the police, he (jump) over a fence into someone’s yard, where he encountered a ferocious dog. The dog (keep) the thief from escaping.

8. Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose) to extreme cold. It most frequently (affect) the skin of the cheeks, chin, ears, fingers, nose, and toes.

9. The first fish (appear) on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000 kinds of fish (name) and (describe) by scientists. New species (discover) every day, so the total increases continually.

10. Proper first aid can save a victim’s life, especially if the victim is bleeding heavily, has stopped breathing, of (poison).

11. The government used to support the school. Today it (support) by private funds as well as by the tuition the students pay.

12. Richard Anderson is a former astronaut. Several years ago, at the age of 52, Anderson (inform) by his superior at the aircraft corporation that he could no longer be a test pilot. He (tell) that he was being relieved from his duties because of his age. Claiming age discrimination, he took the corporation to court.

13. In the early 80’s, photographs of Mars (send) back to earth by unmanned space probes. From these photographs, scientists have been able to make detailed maps of the surface of Mars.

14. A network of lines (discover) on Mars’ surface by an Italian astronomer around the turn of the century. The astronomer (call) these lines” channels”, but when the Italian word (translate) into English, it became “canals”. As a result, some people thought the lines were waterways that (build) by some unknown living creatures. We know that the lines are not really canals. Canals (exist, not) on Mars.

Ex. 53. Supply the required passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. Aunt Dinah (not to like) by my father’s family; she (to consider) vulgar.

2. After his brother’s departure Paul sat for a long time thinking about what (to say).

3. “I’m not prepared”, my father said, ”to listen to your suggestions that you never (to treat) fairly at school”.

4. In the drawing-room the music of Mozart (to play) by an orchestra seen on the screen.

5. “Remember I (to pay) by an hour”’ grumbled the driver.

6. But there were signs that order (to restore) in the town.

7. I (to receive) by one of the chiefs and (to take) for lunch to the canteen.

8. Well, what (to do) about it, Ted?

9. He went into the bedroom. The bed (to turn) down for the night by a naked maid many hours before.

10. Please find out of our father (to see) to leave.

11. She could have gone to Cambridge if she had wanted, she (to offer) a scholarship.

12. He arrived just after the electricity (to cut), and Joseph was lighting the oil-lamps.

13. On Friday she (to give) two weeks’ notice at the Works.

14. Then the voice announced that the passengers (to ask) to pass through the Customs.

15. I wondered to what extent she (to influence) by his name to accept the offer.

16. Meg (to look) upon as a perfect wife for a terrorist.

17. Such are the matters that (to deal) with in Mr. Burrough’s book.

18. He (see) entering the school building just when the first student (call) upon to read aloud from the Beowulf.

19. Ahead of us the port lay in a flood of lights. Two cargo-ships (to unload) a shipment of cocaine.

20. I found the idea of going to Hereford very upsetting because I (to promise) a very nice job a couple of weeks before.

21. Not far away she noticed the film manager in whose office she once (to make) to feel so ridiculous.

22. “You must be very prosperous, Jimmy, to own a car like that.” “This car (to lend) to me by an American woman.”

23. I felt I (to catch) on boasting.

24. I couldn’t tell him that I had spent the money I (to leave) in order to get myself a house.

25. After lunch, we heard that Charles (to send) for.

Ex. 54. Use the required passive forms.

1. The reception was all that (to expect). When we arrived we (to show) into some kind of hall where we (to detain) with the rest of the actors. Apparently we (not to allow) yet to mingle with the other crowd. As the guests assembled in the room, it was plain to me that they (to choose) carefully. Looking around, I recognised Anthony Blanche. He (to point) out to me often in the streets. I (to interrupt) in my observation by a woman reporter whom the manager had led up to me. I (to warn) against the dangers of being interviewed by strangers. As we (to introduce) I made up my mind to avoid it at any cost.

2. It was Saturday night and Pete sat watching TV. People (to kill) for an hour on the screen. Policemen (to shoot) in the line of duty, gangsters (to throw) off roofs, and an elderly lady slowly (to poison) for her pearls, and her murderer (to bring) to justice by a cigarette company after long discussions which (to hold) in the office of a private detective. Villains holding guns (to leap) at by brave, unarmed actors, and ingenues (to save) from deaths by the quick-thinking young men.

3. The Connolly children (to find) lurking under the seats of a carriage when the train (to empty). They (to drag) out and (to stand) on the platform. Since they could not (to leave) there, they (to include) in the party that (to send) by bus to the village. From that moment their destiny for ever (to involve) with that of the village. Nothing ever (to discover) about the children’s parents.

4. Bridgehampton, Friday. A disastrous fire broke out on the top floor of the Grand Hotel, Washington Road, in the small hours of the morning.

The alarm (to give) by the night porter. His attention (to draw) to smoke issuing from one of the top floor windows by a group of young people who were returning late from a dance. Within five minutes the town Fire Brigade was on the spot. The work of fighting the fire and evacuating the guests seriously (to hamper) by the non-operation of the lifts. It (to believe) that the fire (to cause) by a short circuit in the lift machinery and had extended to the whole floor before it (to detect). The flames (to bring) under control in fifty-two hours. Two of the guests staying at the hotel lost their lived. They (to trap) in their rooms and evidently (to overcome) by fumes before the rescuers could reach hem. A third guest (to take) to the hospital with multiple burns. His condition (to report) as being serious.

Ex. 55. Use the required active or passive tense forms.

1. I once (to know) a village teacher who (to be) partially blind. He (to deprive) of one eye as the result of infection. His blind eye (to take) out, and a glass one (to insert) in its socket instead.

One day the teacher (to need) to leave his class of small children alone for half an hour or so. But he (to hold) back by one consideration. The children of the class (to be) really unruly. He (to know) that if they (to leave) alone for any length of time they (to become) violent and complaints (to make) by their parents.

Suddenly he (to strike) by an idea. In a moment his glass eye (to take) out of its socket, and (to place) on the table.

“Now, children,” he said, “I (to go) out for a few minutes but you (to observe) all the time by my eye. If anything (to do) which (not to approve) by me it (to see) by my eye, and the child (to punish) when I (to return).

The children (to impress) very much, and the teacher (to go) off.

But when he (to return) an hour later (to seem) that a hurricane (to pass) through the classroom. The teacher (to astound). “Evidently”, he thought, “I (to outwit). I wonder how.”

In the classroom the tables (to overturn), the walls (to spatter) with ink from ink-bombs which (to throw) during the battle which still (to fight) out as a manifestation of high spirits. In fact, a good time (to have) by all.

The teacher (to wonder) why the presence of his glass eye (not to respect). He (to look) around for it and (to see) that it (to cover) by a hat.

2. At the last glow of sunset, they (to board) the aeroplane in inverse order of seniority beginning with the sergeant and ending with General Spitz. The plane they (to provide) with was luxurious for the wartime. It (to fit) with seats. Little lights (to glow) along the roof. Soon the doors (to shut). The lights (to go) out. It (to be) now completely dark. What once (to be) windows (to paint) out. The roar of the engine (to impose) silence on the party. Dan, who (to put) himself next to cockpit, (to long) for a forbidden cigarette and (to try) to compose himself for sleep, though it (to be) far from his normal bedtime. He (to wear) the same shirt all day without a chance of changing. In the hot afternoon it (to be) damp with sweat. Now in the chill upper air it (to cling) to him and (to set) him shivering. It (not to occur) to him to bring his greatcoat. It (to be) an unsatisfactory day. He (to wander) about the streets of the old town with the Lieutenant. They (to lunch) at the club and (to order) to report at the airfield two hours before they (to need). He (not to dine) and (to see) no hope of doing so. He (to sit) in black boredom and discomfort until, after and hour, sleep (to come).

Ex. 56. Translate into English.

1. В этом журнале часто печатаются статьи по сельскому хозяйству.

2. Когда был построен этот вокзал.

3. Эта работа будет окончена через три дня.

4. Его скоро пошлют в Киев.

5. Его спросили, где он работает.

6. Где будет построена новая библиотека?

7. Что сейчас производится на этой фабрике?

8. Эти книги продаются во всех книжных магазинах Москвы.

9. Библиотека уже была закрыта, так как было уже 8 часов.

10. Письмо не может быть отправлено сегодня, так как оно еще не подписано директором.

11. После того, как ящики были распакованы, мы обнаружили, что некоторые части машины были сломаны во время перевозки.

12. Какие товары грузили, когда вы приехали в порт?

13. Книги и учебники печатаются в Финляндии на 56 языках.

14. Первая часть этой книги печатается в Санкт-Петербурге, а вторая часть будет печататься в Москве.

15. Газеты только что принесли.

16. Какой вопрос обсуждали на собрании, когда вы пришли?

17. Около вокзала будет строиться новый мост. Он будет построен к следующему Рождеству.

18. Московский Государственный Университет основан в 1755 г.

Ex. 57. Translate into English.

1. Он сможет прочесть эту статью, если она будет переведена на португальский язык.

2. Сэр Джон уедет из Москвы, когда договор будет подписан.

3. Фирма получит письмо в понедельник, если оно будет отослано сегодня.

4. Когда эта работа будет сделана, я покажу ее директору.

5. Как только документы будут подписаны, мы отошлем их в ООН.

6. Они уедут в Париж после того, как будут решены все вопросы в отношении наследства.

7. Мы не сможем решить эти вопросы до того, как будут получены эти сведения от нашего надежного агента.

8. Как только журналы будут получены, мы покажем их вам.

9. Я думаю, он согласится поехать туда, если его попросят.

10. Не хочу показывать вам свою работу, пока она не будет закончена.

Ex. 58. Translate into English.

1. Над нами смеялись, когда он сказал это.

2. На них смотрели с большим интересом, когда они появились в зале.

3. Послали ли уже за доктором?

4. На статью этого ученого часто ссылаются.

5. Почему ты думаешь, что над Беном будут смеяться?

6. Об этой книге уже говорят два года.

7. На эти сведения можно положиться.

8. Господина Н. всегда слушают с большим интересом.

9. Я уверен, что на этом плане будут настаивать.

10. О цене на эти товары надо договориться.

Ex. 59. Translate into English.

1. Я думал, что этот журнал продается во всех газетных киосках.

2. Я думал, что эти товары будут доставлены самолетом.

3. Секретарь сказал, что все документы были просмотрены директором.

4. Я слышал, что его послали в Лондон.

5. Генеральный директор был уверен, что он получит письмо вовремя, если оно будет отправлено в понедельник.

6. Мы сказали, что закажем эти машины, если цена будет снижена.

7. Наш начальник сказал, что эти вопросы не будут обсуждаться, пока не будет получен ответ из банка.

8. Мне было интересно, пригласят ли его на вечер.

9. Я знал, что он согласится принять участие в этой работе, если его попросят.

Part 2.

EXERCISES (advanced level).

Ex. 60. Find the mistakes in each of these sentences and correct them.

1. Romeo and Juliet were written from Shakespeare.

2. I can’t give you a ride because my car is repairing.

3. I were told that, after been repaired, it will be as good as new.

4. It thought that many diseases caused by smoking cigarettes.

5. We were telling to arrive by noon, but we were delay.

6. It was announce for the company president that large profits had be made.

Ex. 61. Change these sentences as in the example. Then think about why this mistakes them better, and check your answers in the key.

E.g.: That she had not written to her parents for over two years surprised me.

I was surprised that she had not written to her parents for over two years.

1. That nobody was prepared to take him to hospital shocked us.

2. That Mary wanted to tell everybody what to do annoyed me.

3. That George rang me up at three o’clock in the morning to tell me he was in love again didn’t please me.

4. The fact that he looked completely different from the last time I had met him confused me.

Ex. 62. Choose the best way of continuing after each sentence.

1. He lives in a small house. a) Somebody built it about forty years ago.

b) It was built about forty years ago.

2. English is worth learning. a) People speak it in a lot of countries.

b) It is spoken in a lot of countries.

3. He got a sport car, but he didn’t like it. a) So he sold it again.

b) So it was sold again.

4. My nephew is an artist. a) He has just painted another picture.

b) Another picture has just been painted by him.

5. The new Virginia Meyer film is marvellous.

a) They are showing it at our local cinema.

b) It is being shown at our local cinema.

Ex. 63. Choose the best sentence from each pair to build up a continuous text.

E.g.: a) How books are made?

b) How people make books?

1. a) First of all, printers print big sheets of papers.

b) First of all, big sheets of papers are printed.

1. a) Each sheet contains the text of a number of pages (e.g. 32).

b) Each text of a number of pages (e.g. 32) is contained in each sheet.

1. a) People fold and cut the sheets to produce sections of the book.

b) The sheets are folded and cut to produce sections of the book.

1. a) These sections are called signatures.

b) We call these sections signatures.

1. a) The printers put all the signatures together in a correct order.

b) All the signatures are put together in a correct order.

1. a) Then they are bound together and their edges are trimmed.

b) Then they bind the signatures together and trim the edges.

1. a) Finally, the cover — which has been printed separately — is attached.

b) Finally, they attach the cover — which they have printed separately.

1. a) Now the publishers can publish the book.

b) Now the book can be published.

Ex. 64.

A) Rewrite these instructions, using simple commands instead of the passive.

A regular size sheet of typing paper (8½ x 11 inches of A4) needs to be used for this experiment. First of all, it has to be torn into four smaller pieces. This is done as follows:

1. It has to be folded in the middle and then it can be torn into two pieces.

2. Each piece is folded again across the middle and torn to make a total of four equal-size pieces.

Now one of the pieces is placed on the table with the long sides pointing down. A horizontal line is drawn across the top of the paper about a quarter of the way from the top. Then two vertical lines are drawn downwards from the horizontal line, so that the bottom part of the paper is divided into three equal-size parts.

Next, the paper has to be torn along each of these vertical lines as far as the horizontal line so that three flaps are created. Then the left flap is folded towards you and the right flap is folded away from you — the folds are made right at the top of the flap. The centre flap should not be not folded, though.

Now a paper clip has to be found and this is attached to the bottom of the centre flap. Finally, the whole thing has to be raised high and is then allowed to fall…

Begin like this:

Use a regular-size sheet of a typing paper (8½ x 11 inches of A4) for this experiment. First of all, tear it into four smaller pieces. Do this as follows: …

B) Carry out the experiment, following the instructions you have written.

Ex. 65. Rewrite these newspaper headlines as complete sentences, using the passive.

E.g.: Theft of valuable painting from National Gallery.

A valuable painting has been stolen from the National Gallery.

1. Over 100 highway deaths last month

2. Over 24,000 new businesses begun last year

3. Spacecraft discovers new planet beyond Pluto

4. 15 students arrested after demonstration

5. Mexico wins soccer championship

6. Manager accused of the accepting bribes — forced to resign

7. Missing airliner found in jungle — survivors rescued by helicopter

SECTION VI.

CHECK YOURSELF

1. Rewrite these sentences in the passive, using appropriate tense or modal:

1. They destroyed the original picture years ago.

2. They have never explained the events of that night.

3. You shouldn’t store cleaning fluid and soft drinks together.

4. You can buy film for this camera anywhere.

5. They took the stolen goods across the frontier.

6. You will show passes when entering the building.

7. They had told her to make an application.

2. Complete these sentences using a passive construction. Only use by if it’s natural to do so.

1. A bus nearly hit Keith while he was trying to cross the road. (Keith…)

2. Luckily lightning doesn’t strike many people.

3. The incident shouldn’t harm relations between the police and the community.

4. The snow is very heavy. British Rail has cancelled all trains to Scotland.

5. The police officer is interviewing her about the crime.

6. The burglars have stolen my stereo and television.

3. Change the passive sentences in the letter into the active.

Dear Madame,

It is with regret that we now give the formal notice that your account has been closed. Your credit limit has been exceeded by over $ 200. Customers are asked to apply in writing if they wish their credit to be extended, and this was not done. You were warned last month that this would be the result. In accordance with the conditions of use, a copy of which has already been sent to you, the whole of the balance is payable with immediate effect.

You are required to return to us your credit card, but before doing so it should be cut in half for security.

A pre-addressed envelope (not pre-paid) is enclosed.

Yours faithfully,

R. J. Box,

General Manager

4. Turn these newspapers headlines into radio news headlines. (Informal, spoken form.)

• “Highjacked jet blown up”

• “Cure for cancer at last”

• “7 pickets arrested in miners’ strike”

• “40 killed in train crash in Sweden”

5. Complete each sentence using a passive construction.

1. — I’m glad that horrible man (catch).

— Yes, I’m sure he (send) to prison.

2. — When I saw him he (question) by the police.

— I think he (give) a very long sentence.

3. — The postman told me he (bite) by a dog.

— (Take) to hospital?

4. — I hear that a lot of Irish jokes (include) in tonight’s show.

— Oh, no! I hate it when insulting jokes (tell) about other nationalities.

6. Choose the best form.

On Tuesday August 11^th 1911 a young artist, Louis Beraud, (1) at the Louvre in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon Carre. This was the room where the world’s famous paintings, the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, was on display. To his surprise, there was an empty space where the painting (2). A guard told him it probably (3). An hour later several visitors had complained about the missing picture, and so the guard went enquire about it. At eleven o’clock the museum authorities realised that the painting (4). The police (5), but it was 3 p.m. before the exits (6). The newspapers (7) at 4 p.m., and the next day headlines all over the world announced the theft.

Actually the Leonardo (8) for more than 24 hours before anyone noticed it was missing.

1.A)has arrived B)arrived C)had been arrived	5.A)had been called B)were called C)was called
2.A)should be B)is C)should have been	6.A)were locked B)locked C)had been locked
3.A)being photographed B)was being photographed C)was photographed	7.A)have been told B)has been told C)were told
4.A)had been stolen B)was stolen C)had stolen	8.A)had gone B)had been gone C)was gone

SECTION VII.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

Ex. 66. Practice saying these sentences and answer the questions.

1. a) The secretary will mail these letters to morrow. b) These letters will be mailed tomorrow, and what about these ones?

2. a) Someone ought to wash those dishes right away. b) Those dishes ought to be washed right away, and what about these ones?

3. a) The factory produced 5,000 cars every day last year. b) 5,000 cars were produced every day last year, and what about this year?

4. a) People drink a great deal of tea in England. b) A great deal of tea is drunk in England, and what about your country?

5. a) Craftsmen make many beautiful objects of paper in Japan. b) Many beautiful objects of paper are made in Japan, and what about India?

6. a) They used to sell medicine here. b) Medicine is used to be sold here, and where is it sold now?

7. a) You must return these books within a fortnight. b) These books must be returned within a fortnight, and what about those ones?

8. a) A gang of workmen built this house in 1840. b) This house was built in 1840, and what about this one?

Ex. 67. A press conference is being held. Put in the correct forms of the verbs. Dramatise the dialogue.

1. Reporter: Can this new drug prolong human life?

Professor: yes, we believe that human life can be prolonged by the drug.

2. R.: Are you going to do any more tests on the drug?

P.: Yes, further tests ______.

3. R. What _____ the drug _____?

P.: It will be called Bio-Meg.

4. R.: Can people use the drug now?

P.: No, the drug ______ yet.

5. R.: Who will produce the drug?

P.: It _____ by the Bentrix drug company.

6. R. Do you think they should sell it to anyone who wants it?

P.: Yes, I think it _____ freely.

7. R.: And what quantity could Bentrix produce?

P.: We believe the drug _____ in large quantities.

Ex. 68. You are telling a friend some news. Use the notes and write each sentence in the Present Perfect, active (has done) or passive (has been done).

1. (Someone — repair — phone box)

You know the phone box at the end of the road? It has been repaired.

2. (Trevor — leave — his wife)

Have you heard about Trevor? _______________.

3. (Someone — steal — Kate’s — new car)

You know about Kate’s new car? ____________.

4. (Parkers — buy — video camera)

You know the Parkers? They _________.

5. (An ambulance — take — Mr. Deacon — hospital)

Poor old Mr. Deacon! He _____________.

6. (Owner — sell — house)

You know the house on the corner? It ___________.

7. (Picture — win — the competition)

You remember that picture Mark painted? _____________.

8. (Company — sack — Caroline)

I feel sorry for Caroline. ______________.

9. (Something — run over — cat)

Bad news about the cat next door! ______________!

Ex. 69. Complete this conversation with verbs in a suitable tense, active or passive. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Cindy and Petra are members of a volleyball team.

C. Why wasn’t Claire at the training session?

P. Haven’t you heard? She has been (1) thrown out for stealing.

C. No! Really?

P. Yes! She __(2)__ taking money from someone’s bag in the changing room.

C Who by?

P. The sports club manager. She __(3)__ through the changing room when she __(4)__.

C. Oh, dear… That’s terrible!

P. Claire said she __(5)__ to fetch the money by Karen, but when Karen __(6)__ about it, she said she __(7)__ (not) what Claire was talking about.

C. But how stupid of Karen to leave money in the changing room!

P. Yes! She __(8)__that by the manager too.

C. She __(9)__ (not) it again, anyhow.

P. No, I guess not. What do you think Claire __(10)__ now?

C. I don’t know. This is the second club she __(11)__ to leave, isn’t it?

P. Yes. It’s hard to know what can __(12)__ for someone like Claire.

Ex. 70.

Who by?

Group work. Match the two columns. Then make a sentence for each, using the passive. Look at the example first.

Example: I think penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

1. Guernica Margaret Mitchell

2. Radium Picasso

3. Penicillin Agatha Christie

4. Rashomon Thomas Edison

5. Light bulbs Madonna

6. Gone with the Wind Alexander Fleming

7. Walkman Stereo Walt Disney

8. Mickey Mouse MGIMO University

9. Material Girl Sony

10. War and Peace Marie Curie

11. This booklet Akira Kurosawa

12. Murder on the Orient Express Leo Tolstoy

Ex. 71.

It has to be redecorated!

A) Before Maria and Brian can move into their new apartment, it has to be redecorated. Amy and Bob are doing the work for them.

Change these sentences using the passive.

1. They gave the job to Amy and Bob.

2. They started the work last week.

3. They finished the kitchen on Monday.

4. They were doing the bedroom on Friday.

5. They are painting the living room now.

6. They have painted the walls green.

7. They are going to paint the ceiling pink.

8. They are going to finish the work next week.

B) Pair work.

Look at the decoration of the room you are in now. Talk about what has been done and what needs to be done.

Ex. 71.

Pair work.

Imagine that your apartment was redecorated while you were on vacation.. Unfortunately, your instructions were not followed. Your partner should find out what was done wrong in your apartment.

These are the instructions that were left for the painter. You can see what was done right: blue , and what was done wrong: white — pale green (pale green instead of white)

	DOOR	WALLS	CEILING
Kitchen	Blue 	White — pale green	White — pink
Study	Dark green 	Pale green — white	Green — red
Living room	Tan 	Tan — brown	White — tan
Hall	Blue — red	Pale blue 	Grey — blue
Front door	White — grey
Bedroom	Orange — red	Orange 	White 
Bathroom	White — blue	Blue — white	Pale blue 

Example:

1. Was your kitchen painted all right?

2. No, the kitchen ceiling should have been painted white instead of pink, and walls were painted pale green instead of white.

A. And how about the door?

B. The door was painted blue which was fine.

Ex. 72.

Has everything been done?

Pair work.

Student A. Imagine that you took your car to be serviced at your local garage, and these are the jobs you wanted them to do. Phone the garage and find out from your partner (owner of the garage) which jobs have been done. Use the pattern: Has anyone checked the oil?

Student B Imagine that you work at the garage. Your partner is going to phone you to check which jobs have been done to his/her car. The job that have been done are shown with a check (). Use the patterns:

• Yes, the oil has been checked.

• No, the hood has not been polished yet, but I’ll make sure it is done before you get here.

Check oil 	Fix door lock 
Polish hood	Replace broken headlight bulb 
Install new rear tyres	Change spark plugs
Wash windshield 	Clean out trunk 
Adjust carburator 	Fill tank with gas

Ex. 73. Present Progressive Passive. Imagine you are in a busy hotel at midday. Make sentences to say what is being done, using words from the list below and Present Progressive Passive. E.g.: Beds are being made.

Beds bills coffee drinks food luggage

money new guests reservations rooms tables

Bring down change clean lay make order

pay prepare serve take welcome

Ex. 74. Present Perfect Passive. Imagine that, rich and famous, you returned to your old homed after 50 years. A lot of things are different. Make sentences, using words from the list below and the Present Perfect Passive. E.g.: The Cafe Royal has been turned into a casino.

Cafe Royal house boats new car park new schools

opera house old fire station ring road station streets

town centre statue of you Super Cinema your house

build modernise put up in park rebuild widen

turn into casino (floating restaurant / museum / supermarket / theatre / pedestrian precinct

Ex. 74. Infinitive and -ing forms. Make some sentences beginning I (don’t) like …-ing or I (don’t) want to … using words from the list.

E.g.: I like being talked to. I don’t want to be forgotten.

Admire, criticise, forget, give presents, ignore, invite out, laugh at, like, listen to, look at, laugh, need, shout at, take seriously, talk about, talk to, undervalue

THE PASSIVE VOICE

(Contents)

SECTION I.

THE FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE………………...1

MODAL VERBS……………………………………………………2

USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE PECULIAR TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE…………………………………………………2

Exercises 1-2

SECTION II.

1. RECOGNISE THE PASSIVE………………………………..7

2. SIMPLE FORMS………………………………………………7

3. PROGRESSIVE FORMS……………………………………..11

4. PERFECT FORMS……………………………………………13

Exercises 3-13

SECTION III.

1. THE PASSIVE MIXED FORMS…………………………….16

2. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE? MIXED TENSES…………………20

Exercises 14-25

SECTION IV.

1. PASSIVE AFTER MODAL VERBS…………………………24

2. PASSIVE VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONAL OBJECTS….25

3. PASSIVE WITH GET………………………………………..29

4. PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH AND WITHOUT BY……..32

5. PASSIVE STRUCTURES OF THE VERBS

WITH TWO OBJECTS……………………………………….36

Exercises 26-46

SECTION V.

REVISION

Part 1……………………………………………………………..43

Exercises 47-59

Part 2 — Exercises (advanced level)……………………………48

Exercises 60-65

SECTION VI.

CHECK YOURSELF………………………………………….52

SECTION VII

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES………………………….54

Exercises 66-74

Test

Ex. 75 (Top secret. Burn before reading.) Choose the right verb forms.

Millions of pounds worth of damage has caused/has been caused by a storm which passed/was passed across the north of England last night. The River Ribble burst/was burst its banks after heavy rain. People rescue/were rescued from the floods by firemen, who receive/were received numerous calls for help. Wind speeds reached/were reached ninety miles an hour in some places. Roads blocked/were blocked by fallen trees and electricity lines brought/were brought down, leaving thousands of homes without electricity. ‘Everything possible is doing/is being done to get the situation back to normal,’ a spokesman said/was said.