«Живопись - Третьяковская галерея

Завершающий урок английского языка в X классе

по теме «Живопись. Третьяковская галерея»

Хочу предложить Вашему вниманию завершающий урок в X классе по теме «Живопись. Третьяковская га­лерея». Урок проводится в форме роле­вой игры, которая мотивирует речевую деятельность школьников, активизиру­ет употребление ими изученного языко­вого материала, формирует познаватель­ные интересы учащихся. Предваритель­ная работа включала: ознакомление с темой «Третьяковская галерея», с жиз­нью и творчеством русских художников; обсуждение тем в диалогах; изучение лексики и выражений, необходимых для описания картины и высказывания свое­го отношения к ней. В работе по теме использовались материалы журнала «Иностранные языки в школе», газеты «Первое сентября. Английский язык», а также учебные пособия и учебники.

Задача урока: проверить уровень сформированности навыков и умений в мо­нологической и диалогической речи по изученной теме, а также навыки и уме­ния в чтении с извлечением необходи­мой информации.

Оборудование: слайды, репродукции картин, грамзапись («Осенняя песня» П. И. Чайковского. Вокализ С. В. Рах­манинова), тексты для чтения, раздаточ­ный материал.

План урока

1. Рассказываю о задачах и целях уро­ка. Предлагаю ситуацию: несколько анг­лийских школьников находятся в гос­тях у наших десятиклассников на уро­ке. Они приглашены на заочную экскур­сию по Третьяковской галерее. Распре­деляем роли (гид, российские школьни­ки, английские гости).

2. Вводное слово ученика-гида о Треть­яковской галерее:

"Moscow is the largest cultural centre of Russia. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. The State Tretyakov Gallery is a major research, artistic, cul­tural and education centre of Russia, and a museum of Russian Art. Founded as a pri­vate collection in 1856 by the entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov, a patron of the arts, it was donated to the city of Moscow in 1892.

The Gallery contains more than 55 thou­sand works today, including the rich col­lection of ancient Russian icons of the 12th — 17th centuries, paintings and sculptures from the 18th to 20th centuries. In 1994, the Tretyakov Gallery opened after 10 years of restoration."

(Это лишь небольшая часть текста, с которым учащиеся ознакомились на уро­ках.)

3. Ребята задают вопросы гиду о Тре­тьяковской галерее, включая ту инфор­мацию, которая не прозвучала в расска­зе гида, в режиме: G (guide) Р (pu­pils).

Р: What social class was P. Tretyakov a member of?

G: He was a merchant.

P: What did he make his hobby?

G.: He made a hobby of collecting pic­tures.

P: Why did he begin to collect Russian paintings?

G.: He wanted to help poor Russian paint­ers, to support them and to bring art close to the people.

P: As far as I know, Andrei Rublyov is the best known among the old Russian painters. Can we see his works in the Gal­lery?

G.: Certainly. Rublyov's "The Trinity" painted about 1427 is remarkable, huma­nistic and reflects the soul of the Russian people.

P: What were the first paintings?

G.: Tretyakov began his collection with the works of the "Peredvizhniki" (the artists who belonged to the Mobile Art Exhibition Association), so the gallery has an excellent collection of the best works by Shishkin, Surikov, Vasnetsov and Kramskoy.

P: Levitan's landscapes are known all over the world. Do you admire his canvases?

G.: Sure. How colourful and Russian his landscapes are: "Golden Autumn", "The. Birch Copse", "After the Rain". How sad his "Vladimirka" is!

P: Are any of Repin's works kept in the gallery?

G.: Yes, of course. Repin is a great mas­ter whose canvases reflect the history of Russia and the life of its people. For exam­ple, everybody knows his picture "Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan".

4. Беседа о творчестве Сурикова в ре­жиме G Р (Guide Pupils).

Р: As for me, my favourite painter is Vasily Surikov. He is one of the leading representatives of historical painting. Am I right?

G.: Yes, Surikov belongs to the historical trend and depicts historic events. His paint­ings were a brilliant innovation in the 19th century Russian Art. Do you know anything about his life?

P: Surikov was born in Krasnoyarsk, Si­beria, and travelled a great deal. He ad­mired the works of Michelangelo and Ti­tian.

G,: What was the subject of his pictures?

P: If I am not mistaken, he turned to Russia's past for the subject of his canva­ses.

G.: What pictures belong to his brush?

P: As far as I remember, they are "Boyarinya Morozova", "Menshikov in Beriozov", "The Morning of the Strelets Execution".

G.: Look at Surikov's pictures. They are full of movement and very expressive. They are filled with the mood and tension of those times. The colours are bright and vivid. What do you think about Surikov's canvases?

P: I think they do credit to our national culture.

5. Гид предлагает послушать, о чем говорят юноша и девушка, стоящие у репродукции картины Сурикова «Бояры­ня Морозова». (Звучит диалог, подготов­ленный учащимися как домашнее зада­ние.)

— I say, Olga, let's talk about the picture "Boyarinya Morozova".

— I'm afraid I don't remember what his­toric event the picture illustrates.

— Oh, don't you? I can tell you.

— Do please.

— With pleasure. Because you know Surikov is my favourite painter. So, the subject of the painting is based on the con­flict between the Dissenters and the offi­cial church. Morozova is a Dissenter. She has been arrested and is being taken to pri­son. Look at her face. It is pale, but proud, isn't it?

— It certainly is. Even fanatical, wouldn't you say?

— Exactly so. She is wonderful in her readiness to die for faith.

— What do you feel looking at the pic­ture, I wonder?

— I feel sad, I feel sorry for her. And you?

— So do I. The picture impressed me greatly.

— But it conveys to me the idea of the power of the human spirit and gives much food for thought.

— I can't but add that the picture evokes the feeling of compassion.

6. Гид предлагает вниманию учащих­ся репродукции с картин И. Левитана: «Золотая осень», «Осенний день в Со­кольниках», «После дождя», «Большая вода». Гид читает отрывок из повести К. Г. Паустовского «Исаак Левитан». Звучит вокализ С. В. Рахманинова.

«Левитан жил за городом. Он был беден, почти нищ. Он скрывался от дачников, брал лодку, заплывая на ней в тростники на пруду и писал этюды. Особенно томительны были сумерки. Поздним вечером на балконе сосед­ней дачи зажигали свет, а женский голос в саду пел печальный романс.

...Лето кончилось. Все реже был слышен голос незнакомки. Как-то в сумерки Левитан встретил у калитки своего дома молодую жен­щину. Ее узкие руки белели из-под черных кружев. Мягкая туча закрыла небо. Шел ред­кий дождь. По-осеннему горько пахли цветы в палисадниках. На железнодорожных стрел­ках зажгли фонари.

Незнакомка стояла у калитки и пыталась раскрыть маленький зонтик, но он не раскрывался. Наконец он поддался, и дождь за­шуршал по его шелковому верху. Незнакомка медленно пошла к станции. Левитан не видел ее лица — оно было закрыто зонтиком. Она тоже не видела лица Левитана... В неверном свете он различил бледное лицо. Оно показа­лось ему знакомым и красивым.

Левитан вернулся в свою комнату и лег. Чадила свеча, гудел дождь... Тоска по мате­ринской, сестринской, женской любви вошла с тех пор в сердце Левитана и не покидала до последних дней его жизни.

Этой же осенью Левитан написал «Осенний день в Сокольниках». Это была первая его картина, где серая и золотая осень, печальная, как тогдашняя русская жизнь, как жизнь само­го Левитана, дышала с холста осторожной теп­лотой и щемила у зрителей сердце.

По дорожке Сокольнического парка, по ворохам опавшей листвы шла молодая жен­щина в черном — та незнакомка, чей голос Левитан никак не мог забыть.

«Осенний день в Сокольниках» — единст­венный пейзаж Левитана, где присутствует человек, и то фигуру человека написал Нико­лай Чехов. После этого люди никогда не появлялись на полотнах Левитана. Их заменили леса и пажити, туманные разливы и нищие избы России, безгласные и одинокие».

7. Все ученики получают карточки с русским текстом — описанием картины «Осенний день в Сокольниках», и гид просит российских школьников расска­зать английским друзьям о своем вос­приятии картины, о том, какое впечат­ление она производит на них. (Звучит «Осенняя песня» П. И. Чайковского. На экране — репродукция картины.)

Школьники по цепочке выполняют полученное задание, используя ранее изученные слова и выражения:

the picture belongs to the brush of ...;

to be executed with great skill;

one could feel the painter's palette;

the picture conveys to me the idea of ...;

it's hard to take one's eyes away from the picture;

the landscape has caught my fancy;

to give food for thought;

to serve to create.

The picture belongs to the brush of Levitan. The artist depicted a wide alley on an autumn day in Sokolniki. It must be early October. We can see autumn maples. The air is damp. It is going to rain. In the fore­ground there is a woman in a black dress. Looking down, she is walking along the al­ley. Her face is thoughtful and sad.

The landscape is executed with great skill. Looking at the picture we could feel Levitan's palette. It is difficult to take our eyes away from the picture. It catches our imagination. The composition of the picture, its colours, the figure of the woman serve to create an impressive, sad but beautiful painting. Autumn is depicted as a sad season but the canvas conveys to us the idea of spring and rebirth. Being fond of Russian nature the master reproduced it in paintings known and dear to everybody.

Гид задает вопросы английским гос­тям: "Do you like this picture? Why?"

Вот их ответы:

— I am sure Levitan enjoys great popu­larity.

— I suppose his canvases are a great suc­cess.

— In my opinion people can stand for hours in front of his pictures and admire them.

— I agree with you. I myself did and en­joyed every minute of it.

— I can't but add this autumn landscape is so colourful and expressive. It is difficult to tear myself away from it.

— To my mind the landscape gives one a dreary feeling but the picture is beautiful.

— As for me I am greatly impressed and I am lucky to visit the gallery.

8. Гости просят российских учащихся назвать имена известных им британских художников. Ребята называют имя Дж. Констебля. Английские школьники предлагают поближе познакомиться с биографией художника и раздают текс­ты. На вопрос «Что общего в творчестве Левитана и Констебля?» школьники от­вечают, прочитав текст про себя.

John Constable

(1776-1837)

John Constable is one of the greatest re­alistic painters of the 19th century. His pic­tures are as fresh and simple as the poetry of the Scotsman Robert Burns (1759-1837).

Constable was born in a Suffolk village. He spent his childhood about his father's mills on the banks of the Stour, a pleasant river in Suffolk. He went to London to study painting but following his father's wish he soon returned to help at the mill. He be­came a student at the Royal Academy School only at the age of 23.

As an artist Constable developed his style with great independence, studying nature and the world of old masters. He never tra­velled to Italy or to any other country, he did not feel a necessity for that. Though Constable did paint portraits, his talent fully developed in landscape painting.

Constable painted the valleys of his dear green England, her rivers and hills with windmills, her sea coast with boats. He painted rain and sunshine; cool evenings and the heat of midday. In his landscapes he tried to express his attitude to his native country. Constable's paintings show us his love for the countryside and his deep re­spect for the common people of his native country.

One of the French artists and critics wrote about Constable's most popular painting "The Hay Wain" (1821): "The appearance of Constable's works was a great event in the history of modern painting. His paint­ings sparkle with originality, based on truth and inspiration. There is nothing artificial in the picture "The Hay Wain". You see a cottage half covered with old shady trees, a clear brook and a cart crossing it. In the distance you see the typical countryside near London. You can feel the damp atmosphere of England. Such is one of Constable's compositions in all its simplicity."

Constable did not receive real recogni­tion in England during his lifetime. He said: "I am not a painter of ladies and gentle­men". The artist understood that his land­scapes of cottages and mills, valleys and fields with common people would not bring him fame.

The country where Constable was first recognized when he was already 48 was France. In the eyes of French artists and critics Constable was an innovator in land­scape painting. His painting "The Hay Wain", a landscape of his beloved Stour, was exhibited in Paris in 1824. It was awar­ded a gold medal at the exhibition.

In Constable's pictures you can see something of the whole country in each of them. You see the changeable English weather, the ocean winds carrying clouds and the damp air. The artist liked to study the sky and he had a special word for making sketches of the sky — skying. Constable paid great attention to sketches from life and has left a great number of them. He knew how to find beauty in the smallest spot of his native country. Work amid nature was always joyful to Consta­ble's mind.

Примерные варианты ответов уча­щихся:

"The wonderful feeling of being one with nature is experienced by most people who see their pictures. We are part of the Earth and it is part of us".

"Both of them are outstanding landscape painters, who loved their country, found beauty in the smallest bit of their native land and depicted it in their remarkable canvases."

9. Экскурсия закончена. Я благодарю ребят и предлагаю им объяснить поговорку: "Life is short, art is long", a также ответить на мой вопрос: "What is the role of art in our life?", используя знакомые выражения: to reflect life; to reflect peo­ple's ideas and emotions; to ennoble one's heart; to help to understand life better; to teach us to love our Motherland, to under­stand our past; to teach us to keep the en­vironment clean; to evoke the feeling of joy, happiness, sadness, despair ...; to learn a lot by seeing the world through other peo­ple's eyes.

10. Мое заключительное слово, под­водящее итог уроку.

11. Домашнее задание: написать рефе­рат о творчестве одного из художников Тамбовщины, используя изученный материал.

Думаю, что подобные уроки несут большой эмоциональный заряд, остав­ляют добрый след в душах учеников, способствуют пониманию своей культуры и культуры страны изучаемого языка, развитию поликультурной языковой личности.

Р.Н.Ахмедова, г.Тамбов

Статья была напечатана в журнале

«Иностранные языки в школе» №1 2001 г.