The passive voice

Открытый урок по теме « The passive voice»

в 9-м классе

Цели урока:

Формирование лингвистической компетенции: обучения грамматической стороне устной речи.

Формирование социокультурной компетенции : формирование представлений об объектах всемирного природного и культурного значения Великобритании.

Формирование дискурсивной компетенции :формирование навыков диалогического общения.

Учебно-практический аспект:

Обучение говорению, аудированию, переводу

Воспитательный аспект:

Формирование нравственной ответственности за сохранение объектов всемирного природного и культурного значения.

Воспитательный аспект:

Приобретение знаний о культуре страны изучаемого языка.

Развивающий аспект :

Сравнение явлений родного и иностранного языка (при использовании страдательного залога)

Задачи урока

Продолжать формирование грамматических навыков (автоматизмов) при использовании страдательного залога.

Продолжать формирование навыков монологической речи ( представление презентаций об объектах всемирного природного и культурного значения Великобритании).

Продолжать формирование навыков диалогической речи по теме «ярость природы» и «сохранение природного наследия».

Оснащение : УМК Enterprise 3; ИКТ презентации; карточки для работы в парах.

Ход урока:

I) Teacher: Today we are going to talk about Man-made wonders and the conservation of sites of outstanding natural mportance.

We shall listen to 2 dialogues, do some exercises, watch a slide show and work in pairs, using the passive voice, but first answer my questions about the volcanic eruption in Washington state.

1. When was the mountain hit by two earthquakes ?

2. What was blown off by an explosion?

3. What was released ?

4. What was a lightning storm caused by ?

5. Were people injured ?

6. Have forest fires been put out ?

7. What has flooding been caused by ?

8. Why have people been forced to leave their homes ?

9. Who have survivors been picked up by ?

10. Are more victims expected to be found ?

11. What was the Khromaya Loshad [Lame Horse] night club in Perm swept by ?

12. How many people were reported dead?(112)

13. How many people were reported injured ? (over 120)

14. What was December 7 declared ? (a nationwide day of mourning)

15. What had caused the fire?( the fireworks blast)

II) Teacher: Now open the books at page 60 and do exercise 14 and 15 .Say what tense is being used ?

• Class: …will be sent……are being taken to……weren’t informed……was dropped on the…

• …have been found….…have been rescued by……is being carried out…

III) Teacher: It is very difficult to encourage people to be cautious ,to avoid fires that might result in tragedy. But how can we encourage people to understand and care for nature now and in the future? How can sites of cultural importance be protected and appreciated at the same time ?

Teacher: a) Let’s listen to a dialogue about a Man-made wonder and complete

the sentences using the words in bold.

P1-P2: -I think the Taj Mahal [‘ta:dz ma’ha:l] is the most beautiful buildings in the world.

-Yes, It is magnificent. Who was it built by?

-An Indian ruler. His name was Shah Jahan. He built it in honour [‘ona] of his wife after she died.

-Oh, that’s really sad.

-Not as sad as what happened to him in the end. He was imprisoned.

-Oh,dear.

-Yes and the only thing that he could see out of his cell window was the Taj Mahal]

b) Teacher: Why do we use the passive voice when we mention that Shah Jahan was imprisoned ?

Class: - The agent is unknown, we don’t know who did that. The fact that he could see his creation out of his cell window is more important.

Teacher: That was a dialogue about a Man-made wonder.

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a) Teacher: Listen to the dialogue about the need to conserve the sites of natural importance and complete the sentences using the words in bold.

Pupil 1- Pupil 2:

• Have you seen today’s paper?

• No, not yet. Why ?

• That boy from the next door is on the front page.

• Is he in some sort of trouble ?

• He is believed to have organized a campaign against the new road.

• Oh yes. I remember something being said on the news about that.

• Well, anyway, he and his supporters are living in the trees there to stop the developers cutting them down.

• I see. Is he some sort of eco-warrior then ?

• I suppose so. He is trying to protect the environment and stop another area from being deforested.

• You are right. There is a lot of wildlife in those woods that will be destroyed if that road gets built.

• Shall we join the campaign ?

• Yeah. Why not ? But I am not living in a tree, you know.

b) Teacher: What does the speaker mean when he says that we should stop another area from being deforested ?

Class: - This is not the first area to be destroyed.

c) Teacher: How would you translate the following: He is believed to have organized a campaign [kaem’pein] ?

Teacher: We have listened to 2 dialogues about 2sites of cultural or natural importance. But what is a UNESCO World Heritage Site ?

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that is on the list that is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. A World Heritage Site is a place of either cultural or physical significance.

The program catalogues, names, and conserves sites of outstanding importance to the common heritage of humanity. Under certain conditions, listed sites can obtain funds from the World Heritage Fund

Each World Heritage Site is the property of the state on whose territory the site is located, but it is considered in the interest of the international community to preserve each site.

IV) Презентации

a)Teacher: Listen to your classmates and answer the questions .

b) Find the phrases where the passive voice will be used , when we translate them from Russian into English .

с) Translate the underlined words into Russian.

1. Where is Stongehenge located ? (in the English county of Wiltshire)

• What millennium is Stongehenge dated to ?(3-d)

• What is it composed of ? (of earthworks and large standing stones).

1 .Стоунхендж- доисторический памятник расположенный в английском графстве Уилтшир.

Одна из самых известных достопримечательностей в мире, Стоунхендж состоит из земляных укреплений ,окружающих поставленные в круг большие камни. Окружающая их земляная насыпь и ров датированы приблизительно 3100 до н.э

Легенда, которая не может быть датирована раньше, чем семнадцатым столетием, имеет отношение к происхождению имени этого камня .

Дьявол купил камни у женщины в Ирландии, завернул их, принес на равнину Солсбери . Один из камней упал в реку  Avon, остальные  были отнесены на равнину.

Дьявол выкрикнул:"Никто не узнает, как эти камни прибыли сюда!" Монах ответил:  "Это то, что вы думаете!".Дьявол бросил один камень в него и ударил его о пятку(stuck him on the heel). Камень застрял в земле и сейчас все еще там находится.

1.Stongehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire.

One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch , which constitute the earliest phase of the monument ,have been dated to about 3100BC.

A folk tale, which cannot be dated earlier than the 17^th century , relates the origin of the name of this stone: The Devil bought the stones from a woman in Ireland and brought them to Salisbury plain.

One of the stones fell into the Avon, the rest were carried to the plane.

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2) Who was the city built by ?

• What were Baths and a temple built around? ( hot springs)

• What were the springs surrounded with?( with a stone chamber)

2.Город был основан римлянами как курорт в 43 г.нашей эры , хотя устная традиция предполагает что Бат был уже известен к тому времени. Ванны и храм были построены вокруг горячих источников. Намного позже он стал популярным курортом в эпоху короля Георга.

В течение римской оккупации Великобритании дубовые сваи (oak piles) забивали в грязь ,чтобы обеспечить устойчивый фундамент. Источник был окружен каменной палатой. В 2-ом столетии, источник был помещен в деревянное сводчатое(vaulted) здание, которое вместило горячую ванну, теплую ванну и холодную ванну. После ухода римлян в первом десятилетии 5-ого столетия ванны пришли в упадок.

The city was first established as a spa resort by the Romans in AD43, although verbal tradition suggests that Bath was known before then. Baths and a temple were built around hot springs , which are the only ones naturally occuring in the United Kingdom. Much later, it became popular as a spa resort during the Georgian era.

During the Roman occupation of Britain, oak piles were driven into the mud to provide a stable foundation , the spring was surrounded with a stone chamber. In the 2^nd century , the spring was enclosed within a wooden vaulted building , which housed the hot bath , the warm bath, and the cold bath. After the Roman withdrawal in the first decade of the 5th century, the baths fell into disrepair.

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• 3) Where was Hadrian’s Wall built?( across northern England.)

• What was it made of ?( squared stone and turf)

3 )Вал Адриана - каменное и торфяное укрепление, построенное Римской империей поперек северной Англии. Начатый в течение правления императора Адриана, он был средним из трех таких укреплений, построенных поперек Великобритании.

Стена была наиболее укрепленной границей в Империи. В дополнение к ее использованию в качестве военного укрепления,считается, что ворота через стену также служили таможенными постами, чтобы позволить облагать торговлю налогами.

Вал Адриана был 117 километров длинной, его ширина и высота зависела от строительных материалов, которые были доступны поблизости. К востоку от Реки Irthing стена была сделана из брускового камня(squared stone) , а к западу от реки стена была сделана из торфа .

3:Hadrian’s Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across northern England. Begun in 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the middle of three such fortifications built across Great Britain. All were built to prevent raids on Roman Britain by the Pictish tribes (ancient inhabitants of Scotland), to improve economic stability and provide peaceful conditions in Britain.

The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its use as a military fortification, it is thought that the gates through the wall would also have served as custom posts to allow trade taxation.

Hadrian’s Wall was 117 kilometres long.Its width and height dependent on the construction materials which were available nearby. East of the River Irthing the wall was made of squared stone , while west of the river it was made of turf.

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4) What is Durham Castle occupied by?( University College)

• Who was the Bishop of Durham appointed by ? (by the King)

• Is access to the castle for the public restricted?

4)Нормандский замок в Англии, с 1840 г. полностью занят Даремскийм университетом.

Замок был построен в 11 веке как демонстрация силы нормандского короля на севере Англии, так как местное население было «диким». Это великолепный пример раннего замка ,который предпочитали норманны. Замок был резиденцией Даремского епископа,который назначался королём для осуществления абсолютной власти от его лица.

В 1837 замок был передан Даремскому университету в качестве жилья для студентов.

Две часовни все еще используются для служб и других целей, таких как театральные представления.

Доступ к замку для публики ограничен.

4: Durham Castle is a Norman castle , which has been wholly occupied since 1840 by University College , Durham.

The castle was originally built in the 11th century as a projection of the Norman king's power in the north of England as the population of England in the north remained "wild ".

The holder of the office of the Bishop of Durham was appointed by the King to exercise royal authority on his behalf: the Castle was his seat.

In 1837, the castle was donated to the newly-formed University of Durham as accommodation for students.

The two chapels are still used , both for services and other purposes such as theatrical performances. Access to the castle for the public is restricted to guided tours. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

• 5) Why was a bridge across the Severn Gorge needed ?( the only way to cross the Severn Gorge was by ferry)

• Did they use more or less iron to build the bridge ?

5.В начале 19 века единственным способом пересечь ущелье был паром. Однако производства росли, и более надёжная переправа была нужна.
В 1773 году Томас Причард предложил построить мост из чугуна

К 1775 Абахам Дарби наняли построить мост.
Акции были выпущены, чтобы собрать требуемые деньги, и Дарби согласился финансировать любой перерасход .

Хотя было предсказано,что понадобится 300 тон железа, в конце концов , были использованы 379 тонн, это стоило Дарби его компании почти 3000. Дарби понес большую часть расходов и остался с долгами до конца своей короткой жизни.

Каждая часть каркаса была отлита отдельно. Мост включает больше чем 800 отливок 12 основных типов. Мост был возведен в 1779 году и открыт в Новый год 1781 г.

5:In the early 18^th century the only way to cross the Severn Gorge was by ferry. However,a more reliable crossing was needed. In 1773, Thomas Pritchard suggested building a bridge of cast iron.

By 1775, Abraham Darby had been commissioned to build the bridge.Shares were issued to raise the money required,And Darby agreed to fund any overspend.

Although it had been predicted that 300 tons of iron would be needed, in the end 349 tons were used. Darby bore most of the cost cover-runs, and was in debt for the rest of his short life.

Each member of the frame was cast separately. The bridge comprises more than 800 castings of 12 basic types. The bridge was raised in the summer of 1779.It was opened on New Year’s Day 1781. …………………………………………………………………………….

• 6) Do you have to pay to visit this museum ?

• What are the walls lined with?

• Is mining equipment exhibited ?

6) Вход свободный, посетители сразу же переносятся в то время, когда значительная часть Уэльса была отдана добыче угля. Самая большая шахта прекратила производство) в 1980 году и стала музеем в 1983 году.

С вершины холма, где находится вход в шахту, можно увидеть захватывающую панораму холмов. После возвращения на поверхность, посетители могут пройти через несколько экспозиций.

Стены увешаны фотографиями грязных лиц мужчин, женщин и детей. Рабочие выглядят уставшими, но горды своими трудами.

Душ и раздевалки шахтеров можно посетить . Там также есть витрины ,где содержится горное оборудование прошлого и настоящего времени, включая фонари(lanterns) и инструменты.

Pupil 6: Admission is free and right away visitors are transported to the time when much of the southern Wales was given over to coal production. Big Pit itself ceased production in 1980 and became a museum in 1983.

From the top of the hill where the entrance to the mine lies, a breathtaking panorama of rolling hills can be seen.

After returning to the surface, visitors can walk through several displays explaining the impact of coal mining in Wales

The walls are lined with large photos of dirty-faced men, women and children , the workers looking tired but proud of their labors. The shower and locker rooms the miners once used can be visited. There are also glass display cases containing mining equipment past and present, including lanterns and tools. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

• 7) Where is the Giant’s Causeway located ?

• Where do the steps lead to ?

7 ) Мостовая Гиганта -это около 40 000 взаимосвязанных базальтовых колонн , результат древнего вулканического извержение. Она расположена на северо-восточном побережье Северной Ирландии. И объявлена объектом всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО в 1986.

Вершины колонн формируют ступени, которые ведут от подножья утеса и исчезают в море. Большинство колонн шестиугольные, хотя есть некоторые с четырьмя, пятью, семью и восемью сторонами. Самые высокие - приблизительно 12 метров высотой.

Pupil 7;The Giant’s Causeway is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns , the result of an ancient volcanic eruption. It is located on the coast of Northern Ireland. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986.

The tallest are about 12 meters high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 meters thick in places. Most of the columns are hexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven and eight sides. The tallest are about 12 meters high,( and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 meters thick in places.There are similar basalt formations on the isle of Staffa in Scotland.)

Teacher: What site would you like to visit in the first place and why ?

Class: I’d like to visit…. because….

V) Teacher: Now, that we have listened to your classmates’ stories, you’ll work in pairs , using the keys.

Pupil1 –Pupil2 выполняют упражнения в парах с ключами.

VI) Teacher: Your home task is to learn the dialogue.

VII) Учитель объявляет оценки.