Подготовка к ЕГЭ

Подготовка к ЕГЭ

Данная работа направлена на тренировку раздела чтение при подготовке к ЕГЭ.

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«Подготовка к ЕГЭ»

Задания для тренировки раздела «Чтение».

1.Установите соответствие между текстами.

1.	Preparing for danger
2.	Technology and medicine
3.	Interesting sightseeing
4.	Unusual and extremely difficult

5.	Nice to look at and good for you
6.	Central structure
7.	Indoors and outdoors
8.	Cold variety

A.	All Souls College is one of the most mysterious institutions at Oxford University. It was founded in the 1400s and stopped accepting undergraduates in the 19^thcentury. Instead, the college accepts applications only from those who have already achieved the best undergraduate degrees in the country, and asks its applicants to take an entrance exam, which is thought to be the hardest in the world. For example, before 2010 one of the tasks was to write an essay on a single word. Previous words have included “water”, “style”, “innocence”, and “conversion”.
B.	In the 1900s, scientists began using electronic devices to treat living things. They developed special instruments to help people with disabilities. Some devices, such as hearing aids and kidney dialysis machines, operate outside the body. Doctors place other electrical devices inside the body. For example, pacemakers help keep hearts beating steadily. In addition, scientists learned how to cut and rejoin genes which is called genetic engineering. This may help cure human diseases.
C.	Water from hot springs very often contains minerals dissolved from the rocks. Such springs are called mineral springs.Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water. The minerals and organisms that grow in the water give beautiful colors to the pools and wet rocks around hot springs. Since ancient times people have thought that such springs were good for their health. They have traveled there to drink and bathe in the waters. Many spas and resorts grew up around these picturesque springs.
D.	As it is well known, snow consists of tiny crystals of ice. Snowfall is made up of both single ice crystals and clumps of ice crystals, which are called snowflakes. The way that ice crystals join together gives every snowflake a unique design. Even so, most snowflakes have six points or six sides. They form seven basic shapes: stars, needles, dendrites (having branches), plates, columns, columns capped with plates, and irregular (damaged). What shape a snowflake takes depends on the temperature and the amount of moisture in the cloud.
E.	Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, may cause deadly ocean waves called tsunamis. By the time a tsunami reaches shore, it has gained tremendous size and power which is enough to destroy entire coastal villages or towns. Tsunamis cannot be stopped, but there are ways to defend against them. Scientists around the world watch for early signs of earthquakes. They also note unusual changes in ocean levels. With this information, scientists can warn people to leave areas that a tsunami might hit.
F.	In order to study things under controlled conditions, some ecologists work in laboratories. For example, they can experiment to see how plants react to different amounts of light or water. Such studies are harder in a natural setting because weather and other natural conditions cannot be controlled. However, many ecologists do work in natural settings. They look at all the different factors that affectecosystems, or communities of living things. Studies in the outdoors are useful because they show what is actually happening in the environment.
G.	Several cities in Russia were built around fortresses called kremlins. A kremlin was often located along a river. A wall, a moat, and towers usually separated it from the surrounding parts of the city. Kremlins contained cathedrals and palaces for princes and bishops as well as government offices and weapons of war. The most famous kremlin is in centralMoscow, which is often called just the Kremlin. It haslong been a symbol of Russia’s power. UNESCO declared the Kremlin and Red Square aWorld Heritage sitein 1990.

2.Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски.

London’s skyscraper

The Shard is a modern glass skyscraper in London. The skyscraper is situated in the London Bridge Quarter in Southwark. It is right near the heart of London and only the river separates it from the City of London. The area is full of history: a bridge was built there by the Romans around 50 AD A__________.

The plans for the London Bridge Tower, as the building was initially called, caused a strong protest from people B__________ for a historic neighbourhood with mostly low-rise brick buildings. They claimed the tower would cut through the neighbourhood like a shard of glass. The name “shard” stuck C__________ –

When it was completed the Shard held the record as Europe’s tallest skyscraper with a height of almost 310 metres. Only a couple of months later, it was surpassed in height by Moscow’s Mercury City Tower. The Shard towers over the neighbourhood and is visible from afar. The iconic skyscraper looks particularly spectacular at night D__________.

The building is multifunctional, with offices and a hotel on the lower floors E__________. The top floors of the Shard are home to the “View from the Shard”, an observation deck F__________ of the city. On a clear day one can see as far as sixty kilometres. At a height of 245 metres, this is the highest public viewing gallery in London, almost twice as high as the London Eye.

1.	when seen from across the river Thames
2.	who is concerned about the city’s heritage
3.	and the developers even renamed the tower
4.	who considered the glass tower inappropriate
5.	and residential apartments on the upper floors
6.	that offers visitors spectacular 360 degree views
7.	and in 1836 the first railway station opened there

3.Установите соответствие между текстами .

1.	Inspired by nature
2.	Wonderful combination
3.	Restoring old traditions
4.	Protecting the environment

5.	Different at different time
6.	Chosen as the best among hundreds
7.	The closest to the sky
8.	Saved from being pulled down

A.	Sydney Opera House was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as one of the most iconic buildings in the world. Its planning began in the 1940s, as the existing building for large theatrical productions was not large enough. The Opera House was designed by a Danish architect Jorn Utzon whose design was selected as the winning one among 232 other entries in an international design competition. The formal inauguration of the building took place on 20 October 1973.
B.	The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 in Paris. It was designed as an entrance to the 1889 World’s Fair and named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. However, initially the plan was to make it stand for only twenty years since its construction. The City had planned to tear it down in 1909, but as the tower proved to be valuable for the image of the city, it was allowed to remain. Now it has become the symbol of the city, seen as one of the World’s wonders.
C.	The Electric Forest Festival, which started less than a decade ago, is a four-day multi-genre event, held in Rothbury, Michigan. The main focus of the event is upon electronic and jam bands. But what captures the eyes is a special atmosphere during this festival. The surrounding environment becomes a kaleidoscope of laser light shows. The mixture of electronic lights and the sounds appeal to different senses and together create a unique, surreal, magical experience.
D.	Casa Mila, designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí, is one of Barcelona’s World Heritage sites and is one of the most visited attractions the city has to offer. The building is also known as “La Pedrera” translated as the Stone wave, because of the facade which is made up completely with natural stones and does not have any straight lines. Gaudi explained it by the fact that straight lines cannot be found anywhere in the wild landscape and it can be made only by men.
E.	To mark the end of the Christmas season, Shetland in Scotland celebrates a variety of fire festivals every year. The most interesting of them is held at the capital, where this practice was born as early as in 1876, when strong men dragged barrels with burning tar on sledges. Today, thousands of people dress up in period-clothes. The procession burns down the model of a Viking ship. The brightness of the fire and men in clothes of the long-gone era make a spectacle show.
F.	Burj Khalifa is an 829.8 m skyscraper in Dubai. It is the tallest structure in the world. There are hotels, residences and observational laboratories in the 163 floors of the building. It’s not only the tallest building in the world, it is also the tallest freestanding structure in the world, has the highest number of stories in the world, highest occupied floor in the world, highest outdoor observation deck in the world, and an elevator with the longest travel distance in the world.
G.	The Taj Mahal is an architectural marvel made of white marble situated on the banks of the river Yamuna in Agra, India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Nowadays around 8 million tourists visit the Taj Mahal every year. They come to see the changing colors of the Taj Mahal, which change from pink in the morning, milky white in the evening and golden at night when lit by the moon.

4. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски .

Chinese tea house in Moscow

The bright building on Myasnitskaya Street in Moscow stands out among others and attracts the attention of passers-by with its non-typical elements for Russian architecture. The tea house resembles a Chinese pagoda and it is considered to be the real office of a company that was involved in tea trade.

This house in the Chinese style was built for the tea merchant Sergei Vasilievich Perlov A__________ in order to establish his own business. He bought the land on Myasnitskaya Street in the centre of Moscow in 1875, B__________ in 1891. The construction was finished by 1893. The first floor was for Perlov’s tea shop, C__________ profitable apartments for rent and the host’s own family.

The front side of the newly built house was redecorated in the Chinese style after several years. A little tower in the form of a pagoda appeared D__________ molded dragons, snakes, Chinese umbrellas and lanterns. Some materials for decoration were even brought directly from China. It was made before the visit of the Chinese Ambassador Li Hongzhang, E__________ Nikolai II and Alexandra Fyodorovna coronation. The merchant Perlov thought that it might be useful for his tea businessF__________ at this house. He preferred the house of Perlov’s brother and competitor. But thanks to this case now there is a beautiful exotic building right in the city centre, as if it came right from another part of the world.

1.	who was going to visit Moscow for
2.	who left the family tea trade company
3.	and the other two floors were used for
4.	and began to build the new house on it
5.	and the front side was decorated with
6.	which was imported mainly from China
7.	but the Ambassador did not in fact stay

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5.Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.

Start of college life: how I coped with fear

For the last two years I’ve been working really hard to pass all my exams successfully and to get accepted to college. And yet college seemed to be the scariest thing that I could think of. Whenever I thought about it, my stomach would immediately begin to spin in circles. Although I was ready to go off and be by myself and meet new people, I was scared to death at the same time. I pictured hard classes that I wouldn’t be able to keep up with, people that wouldn’t like me, long hikes to get to my classes, and horrible food. I couldn’t imagine leaving the security of my own room, my own stuff where I want it, my friends that I’ve spent practically my whole life with, my family who put up with all my little quirks.

Everyone else that I talked to, however, didn’t seem to have this problem. They all were thrilled at the thought of being on their own and not having to worry about their parents telling them what to do or not to do all the time. And, sure, the thought was extremely exciting to me as well, but how would I survive without my family and friends and the things that had taken me eighteen years to get used to?

The summer before I came to college was probably the most fun my friends and I ever had. We all knew that in September things would never be the same again and we had to make the most of it while we still could. As the end of August rolled around we knew that it was time to say goodbye and be on our way to our own independence. I packed up the memories of the last eighteen years of my life into about five suitcases and was ready to go. I still didn’t feel like I was just as mature as my older college friends and I thought that I still looked like I was twelve years old.

We finally made it to the doors and began unloading my clothes and the eight million bags of food that my mom had packed for me. I still was unsure about sharing my room and not being able to have the privacy that I had back home. I was worried that the little habits that I had might annoy my roommate and that my roommate might have just as many annoying little habits that I might not be able to handle as well.

After I had all my things unpacked and put exactly where I wanted, my roommate and I decided to go around our hall and see whom we would be living with for the next two semesters. As we went around to different rooms and met different people my nervousness seemed to diminish. I began to realize that not everyone here knew everyone else and most were just as anxious and nervous about being here as I was. It worked. I started to feel better and was actually kind of excited about living here all by myself.

I still miss the security of living at home (and I wonder who would blame me for this feeling) and, most of all, home-cooked meals that are nonexistent here and the friends that I grew up with. But I know that we’ve all changed and those memories are just that – memories, no matter how pleasant they might be. And when times get too tough, my mom is just a phone call away. But I’m not too quick to call her and have her solve my problems. I’ve learned that I can usually work things out by myself. I’m glad that I’ve gone through these changes in myself and it makes me realize that I don’t need to fear change, that it’s just a part of life that everyone has to go through sometime.

How did the author feel about the beginning of her college life?

	1)	Insecure.
	2)	Confident.
	3)	Disgusted.
	4)	Ready for new life.

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The main problem for the author was that …

	1)	her parents wouldn’t help her with advice.
	2)	nobody seemed to understand her feelings.
	3)	she would miss her family and friends a lot.
	4)	she was not ready for the classes.

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Why was the summer before college such a fun time for the author?

	1)	Her old friends were very funny.
	2)	She made fun of her friends’ fears.
	3)	She and her friends made a point of enjoying each other’s company.
	4)	She was feeling like a very young child.

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The author was worried about having to …

	1)	eat too much food.
	2)	live with a stranger.
	3)	phone her mother too often.
	4)	change her habits.

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Upon arrival on campus the author found out that …

	1)	she did not have enough place for all her things.
	2)	her roommate was a very nice person.
	3)	she knew most of the people there.
	4)	other students felt a similar way.

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What does the word ‘nonexistent’ refer to in the last paragraph?

	1)	Memories.
	2)	Home meals.
	3)	College security.
	4)	Old friends.

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How has becoming a college student changed the author?

	1)	She has got used to eating out.
	2)	She has learned how to make new friends.
	3)	She has become more attached to her mother.
	4)	She has become more independent.

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6. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Avoidance activity

I am in Birmingham, sitting in a cafe opposite a hairdresser’s. I’m trying to find the courage to go in and book an appointment. I’ve been here three quarters of an hour and I am on my second large cappuccino. The table I’m sitting at has a wobble, so I’ve spilt some of the first cup and most of the second down the white trousers I was so proud of as I swanked in front of the mirror in my hotel room this morning.

I can see the hairdressers or stylists as they prefer to be called, as they work. There is a man with a ponytail who is perambulating around the salon, stopping now and then to frown and grab a bank of customer’s hair. There are two girl stylists: one has had her white blonde hair shaved and then allowed it explode into hundreds of hedgehog’s quills; the other has hair any self-respecting woman would scalp for: thick and lustrous. All three are dressed in severe black. Even undertakers allow themselves to wear a little white on the neck and cuffs, but undertakers don’t take their work half as seriously, and there lies the problem. I am afraid of hairdressers.

When I sit in front of the salon mirror stuttering and blushing, and saying that I don’t know what I want, I know I am the client from hell. Nobody is going to win Stylist of the year with me as a model.

‘Madam’s hair is very th …’,they begin to say ‘thin’, think better of it and change it for ‘fine’—ultimately, coming out with the hybrid word ‘thine’. I have been told my hair is ‘thine’ many times. Are they taught to use it at college? Along with other conversational openings, depending on the season: ‘Done your Christmas shopping?’ ‘Going away for Easter?’ ‘Booked your summer holiday?’ ‘You are brown, been way?’ ‘Nights are drawing in, aren’t they?’ ‘Going away for Christmas?’

I am hopeless at small talk (and big talk). I’m also averse to looking at my face in a mirror for an hour and a half. I behave as though I am a prisoner on the run.

I’ve looked at wigs in stores, but I am too shy to try them on, and I still remember the horror of watching a bewigged man jump into a swimming pool and then seeing what looked like a medium sized rodent break the surface and float on the water. He snatched at his wig, thrust it anyhow on top of his head and left the pool. I didn’t see him for the rest of the holiday.

There is a behavior trait that a lot of writers share—it is called avoidance activity. They will do anything to avoid starting to write: clean a drain, phone their mentally confused uncle in Peru, change the cat’s litter tray. I’m prone to this myself, in summer I deadhead flowers, even lobelia. In winter I’ll keep a fire going stick by stick, anything to put off the moment of scratching marks on virgin paper.

I am indulging an avoidance activity now. I’ve just ordered another cappuccino, I’ve given myself a sever talking: For God’s sake, woman! You are forty-seven years of age. Just cross the road, push the salon door open, and ask for an appointment!

It didn’t work. I’m now in my room, and I have just given myself a do-it-yourself hairdo, which consisted of a shampoo, condition and trim, with scissors on my Swiss army knife.

I can’t wait to get back to the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester. The staff there haven’t once called my hair ‘thine’ and they can do wonders with the savagery caused by Swiss army knife scissors.

The narrator was afraid to enter the hairdresser’s because she

	1)	had spilt coffee on her white trousers.
	2)	doubted the qualification of local stylists.
	3)	was strangely self-conscious.
	4)	was pressed for time.

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Watching the stylists, the narrator concluded that they

	1)	were too impulsive.
	2)	had hair anyone would envy.
	3)	had strange hair-dos themselves.
	4)	attached too much importance to their ‘craft’.

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The narrator calls herself ‘the client from hell’ mainly because she

	1)	doesn't like to look at herself in the mirror.
	2)	never knows what she wants.
	3)	is too impatient to sit still.
	4)	is too demanding.

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The narrator doesn’t like stylists as they

	1)	are too predictable in their conversation.
	2)	have once suggested that she should try a wig.
	3)	are too insensitive to clients wishes.
	4)	are too talkative.

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According to the narrator the avoidance activity is

	1)	common to all writers.
	2)	mostly performed in winter.
	3)	talking to oneself.
	4)	a trick to postpone the beginning of work.

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The narrator finally

	1)	talked herself into going and fixing an appointment.
	2)	got her hair done at a hotel.
	3)	cut her hair after shampooing it.
	4)	spoilt her hair completely.

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The last paragraph means that the Toni &Guy salon in Leicester is the

	1)	only hairdresser’s she has ever risked going to.
	2)	salon she trusts and is not afraid to go to.
	3)	place where she is a special client.
	4)	the first place she has ever tried.