Система использования времен глагола в английском языке
Система использования времен глагола в английском языке
Таблица с временами глаголов английского языка необходима каждому, кто изучает английский и хочет овладеть временами глагола, ведь таблица времен помогает выстроить систему использования английского глагола.
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«Система использования времен глагола в английском языке»
Present Способ образования Simple Present
I форма глагола + окончание -s/-es для третьего лица единственного числаДля образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений используется вспомогательный глагол do для всех лиц и чисел, кроме третьего лица единственного числа, в этом случае используется вспомогательный глагол does.
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I run.
I do not run.
Do I run?
2
You run.
You do not run.
Do you run?
3
He runs. She runs. It runs.
He does not run. She does not run. It does not run.
Does he run? Does she run? Does it run?
множ.
1
You run.
You do not run.
Do you run?
2
We run.
We do not run.
Do we run?
3
They run.
They do not run.
Do they run?
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I am.
I am not.
Am I?
2
You are.
You are not.
Are you?
3
He is. She is. It is.
He is not. She is not. It is not.
Is he? Is she? Is it?
множ.
1
You are.
You are not.
Are you?
2
We are.
We are not.
Are we?
3
They are.
They are not.
Are they?
Формы модальных глаголов образуются иначе, чем у других глаголов. Обратите внимание, что они не принимают окончания –s/-es в третьем лице единственного числа,
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I should go.
I should not go.
Should I go?
2
You should go.
You should not go.
Should you go?
3
He should go. She should go. It should go.
He should not go. She should not go. It should not go.
Should he go? Should she go? Should it go?
множ.
1
You should go.
You should not go.
Should you go?
2
We should go.
We should not go.
Should we go?
Способ образования Present Continuous
am / is / are + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I am speaking.
I am not speaking.
Am I speaking?
2
You are speaking.
You are not speaking.
Are you speaking?
3
He is speaking. She is speaking. It is speaking.
He is not speaking. She is not speaking. It is not speaking.
Is he speaking? Is she speaking? Is it speaking?
множ.
1
You are speaking.
You are not speaking.
Are you speaking?
2
We are speaking.
We are not speaking.
Are we speaking?
3
They are speaking.
They are not speaking.
Are they speaking?
Настоящий момент, Длительные действия, происходящие сейчас, Ближайшее будущее, Повторяемые действия и раздражение, нетерпение, неодобрение,
Способ образования Present Perfect
has / have + причастие прошедшего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I have traveled.
I have not traveled.
Have I traveled?
2
You have traveled.
You have not traveled.
Have you traveled?
3
He has traveled. She has traveled. It has traveled.
He has not traveled. She has not traveled. It has not traveled.
Has he traveled? Has she traveled? Has it traveled?
множ.
1
You have traveled.
You have not traveled.
Have you traveled?
2
We have traveled.
We have not traveled.
Have we traveled?
3
They have traveled.
They have not traveled.
Have they traveled?
Опыт, перемены в течение времени, достижения, невыполненное ожидаемое действие, частые действия в прошлом. Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся сейчас
Способ образования Present Perfect Continuous
has / have + been + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I have been sleeping.
I have not been sleeping.
Have I been sleeping?
2
You have been sleeping.
You have not been sleeping.
Have you been sleeping?
3
He has been sleeping. She has been sleeping. It has been sleeping.
He has not been sleeping. She has not been sleeping. It has not been sleeping.
Has he been sleeping? Has she been sleeping? Has it been sleeping?
множ.
1
You have been sleeping.
You have not been sleeping.
Have you been sleeping?
2
We have been sleeping.
We have not been sleeping.
Have we been sleeping?
3
They have been sleeping.
They have not been sleeping.
Have they been sleeping?
Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся сейчас, Действие, завершившееся недавно,
Past Способ образования Simple Past
II форма глагола + окончание -ed или прошедшее время неправильного глагола
Большинство глаголов спрягаются прибавлением окончания -ed, как рассмотренный ниже глаголwait.
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I waited.
I did not wait.
Did I wait?
2
You waited.
You did not wait.
Did you wait?
3
He waited. She waited. It waited.
He did not wait. She did not wait. It did not wait.
Did he wait? Did she wait? Did it wait?
множ.
1
You waited.
You did not wait.
Did you wait?
2
We waited.
We did not wait.
Did we wait?
3
They waited.
They did not wait.
Did they wait?
Глагол to be также имеет неправильную форму в Simple Past. Но, в отличие от других неправильных глаголов, он имеет две формы прошедшего времени: was и were. с глаголом to be не нужно использовать вспомогательный глагол did.
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I was.
I was not.
Was I?
2
You were.
You were not.
Were you?
3
He was. She was. It was.
He was not. She was not. It was not.
Was he? Was she? Was it?
множ.
1
You were.
You were not.
Were you?
2
We were.
We were not.
Were we?
3
They were.
They were not.
Were they?
Действия, завершенные в прошлом, Действия, происходившие друг за другом, Длительные действия в прошлом,
Способ образования Past Continuous
was / were + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I was singing.
I was not singing.
Was I singing?
2
You were singing.
You were not singing.
Were you singing?
3
He was singing. She was singing. It was singing.
He was not singing. She was not singing. It was not singing.
Was he singing? Was she singing? Was it singing?
множ.
1
You were singing.
You were not singing.
Were you singing?
2
We were singing.
We were not singing.
Were we singing?
3
They were singing.
They were not singing.
Were they singing?
Точно указанное время в прошлом, Прерванное действие в прошлом, Одновременно происходившие действия, Повторяемые действия и раздражение, нетерпение, неодобрение,
Способ образования Past Perfect
had + причастие прошедшего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I had finished.
I had not finished.
Had I finished?
2
You had finished.
You had not finished.
Had you finished?
3
He had finished. She had finished. It had finished.
He had not finished. She had not finished. It had not finished.
Had he finished? Had she finished? Had it finished?
множ.
1
You had finished.
You had not finished.
Had you finished?
2
We had finished.
We had not finished.
Had we finished?
3
They had finished.
They had not finished.
Had they finished?
Действие, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом, Действие, начавшееся до указанного момента в прошлом, и продолжавшееся до этого момента (недлительные глаголы),
Способ образования Past Perfect Continuous
had been + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I had been listening.
I had not been listening.
Had I been listening?
2
You had been listening.
You had not been listening.
Had you been listening?
3
He had been listening. She had been listening. It had been listening.
He had not been listening. She had not been listening. It had not been listening.
Had he been listening? Had she been listening? Had it been listening?
множ.
1
You had been listening.
You had not been listening.
Had you been listening?
2
We had been listening.
We had not been listening.
Had we been listening?
3
They had been listening.
They had not been listening.
Had they been listening
Действие, начавшееся до указанного момента в прошлом, и продолжавшееся до этого момента, Причина чего-либо в прошлом,
Future Способ образования Simple Future с Shall / Will
shall / will + I формаглагола
Способ образования Simple Future с Be Going To
am / is / are + going to + глагол
Форма Shall / Will
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I shall / will help.
I shall / will not help.
Shall / will I help?
2
You will help.
You will not help.
Will you help?
3
He will help. She will help. It will help.
He will not help. She will not help. It will not help.
Will he help? Will she help? Will it help?
множ.
1
You will help.
You will not help.
Will you help?
2
We shall / will help.
We shall / will not help.
Will / shall we help?
3
They will help.
They will not help.
Will they help?
Форма Be Going To
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I am going to leave.
I am not going to leave.
Am I going to leave?
2
You are going to leave.
You are not going to leave.
Are you going to leave?
3
He is going to leave. She is going to leave. It is going to leave.
He is not going to leave. She is not going to leave. It is not going to leave.
Is he going to leave? Is she going to leave? Is it going to leave?
множ.
1
You are going to leave.
You are not going to leave.
Are you going to leave?
2
We are going to leave.
We are not going to leave.
Are we going to leave?
3
They are going to leave.
They are not going to leave.
Are they going to leave?
Форма Shall / Will для обозначения добровольных действий, Форма Shall / Will для выражения обещания, Форма Be Going To для выражения намеренности, Формы Shall / Will и Be Going To для выражения прогноза, предположения
Способ Образования Future Continuous
shall / will + be + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I shall / will be waiting.
I shall / will not be waiting.
Shall / will I be waiting?
2
You will be waiting.
You will not be waiting.
Will you be waiting?
3
He will be waiting. She will be waiting. It will be waiting.
He will not be waiting. She will not be waiting. It will not be waiting.
Will he be waiting? Will she be waiting? Will it be waiting?
множ.
1
You will be waiting.
You will not be waiting.
Will you be waiting?
2
We shall / will be waiting.
We shall / will not be waiting.
Will / shall we be waiting?
3
They will be waiting.
They will not be waiting.
Will they be waiting?
Точно указанное время в будущем, Прерванное действие в будущем, Одновременно происходящие действия,
Способ образования Future Perfect
shall / will + have + причастие прошедшего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I shall / will have stopped.
I shall / will not have stopped.
Shall / will I have stopped?
2
You will have stopped.
You will not have stopped.
Will you have stopped?
3
He will have stopped. She will have stopped. It will have stopped.
He will not have stopped. She will not have stopped. It will not have stopped.
Will he have stopped? Will she have stopped? Will it have stopped?
множ.
1
You will have stopped.
You will not have stopped.
Will you have stopped?
2
We shall / will have stopped.
We shall / will not have stopped.
Will / shall we have stopped?
3
They will have stopped.
They will not have stopped.
Will they have stopped?
Действие, которое будет закончено до определенного момента или другого действия в будущем,
Способ образования Future Perfect Continuous
shall / will + have been + причастие настоящего времени
Число
Лицо
Положительная форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
един.
1
I shall / will have been sleeping.
I shall / will not have been sleeping.
Shall / will I have been sleeping?
2
You will have been sleeping.
You will not have been sleeping.
Will you have been sleeping?
3
He will have been sleeping. She will have been sleeping. It will have been sleeping.
He will not have been sleeping. She will not have been sleeping. It will not have been sleeping.
Will he have been sleeping? Will she have been sleeping? Will it have been sleeping?
множ.
1
You will have been sleeping.
You will not have been sleeping.
Will you have been sleeping?
2
We shall / will have been sleeping.
We shall / will not have been sleeping.
Will / shall we have been sleeping?
3
They will have been sleeping.
They will not have been sleeping.
Will they have been sleeping?
Длительное действие, которое завершится до определенного момента или другого действия в будущем
Способ образования Future in the Past
should / would + I формаглагола
Например: I knew you would help him. Я знал, что ты ему поможешь.
Пассивный залог не может быть использован во временах группы Perfect Continuous и времени Future Continuous.
