Quantifiers

Quantifiers

In English grammar, a quantifier is a word (or phrase) which indicates the number or amount being referred to. It generally comes before the noun (or noun phrase). The chart below shows which type of noun goes with which quantifier.

However, note that some of the examples in the chart can take on several different roles within a sentence. For example, ‘any’ can be used as a quantifier, a pronoun or an adverb:

any as a quantifier: Have you got any tomatoes?
any as a pronoun: I don’t want any of you making a noise.
any as an adverb: Can’t this car go any faster?

In these notes, we are only considering these words/phrases asquantifiers.

Quantifier

Singular
nouns (C)

Plural
nouns (C)

Uncountable
nouns (U)

all–YesYesanyNo, but see note.YesYesboth*Yes*eachYes––enough–YesYeseveryYes––few/a few/fewer–Yes–little/a little/less––Yeslots of / a lot of–YesYesmany–Yes–more–YesYesnoYesYesYesseveral–Yes–some–YesYes

Quantifiers are used at the beginning of noun phrases:

before a noun on its own: fewer answers
before an adjective and noun: some useful phrases
before an adverb, adjective and noun: every really pleasant experience

Normally two quantifiers cannot be used together before the same noun. However, the quantifiers alland both are found immediately before the or a possessive pronoun: all my relatives, both the ministers. You will also see the following combinations of quantifiers:

a little less noise
a few more questions
every few minutes

Many, much, a lot of

These are all used to talk about a large quantity of something; many is used only with C nouns,much with U nouns and a lot of can be used with both.

Only many and much can be preceded by the words how, to form questions (how many / how much …?). The word too can be used to express a negative idea (too hot, too cold) and so, to show the speaker’s attitude to the quantity (so many that … /so much he couldn’t …). Many andmuch tend to be rather formal in use and are therefore often found in legal documents, academic papers and so on; in speech we often use phrases like a lot of, loads of, tons of, hundreds of.

Few, little

Again, the meaning of these two words is similar since they both refer to small quantities, except that few is found with C nouns and little with U nouns.

If they are used without the indefinite article, a, they have the sense of not enough and are negative in feeling (few events, little interest) but these are quite formal and we would normally prefer not many events and not much interest.

When few and little are used witha they simply mean a small quantity with no extra negative overtones: a few events (i.e. three or four) and a little interest (i.e. some interest, but not a lot).

Any

Any can be used before countable and uncountable nouns usually inquestions and negativesentences:

Are you bringing any friends with you?
Do you have any coffee?
I can’t remember any songs.
He isn’t taking any chances.

If we stress the word any heavily when speaking, we are suggesting an unlimited choice from a range of things or an unrestricted quantity; in this case its use is not confined to just questions and negatives:

Help yourself to any sandwiches. (the choice is yours)
Don’t you like any Beatles song? (I can’t believe you dislike them all)
I can’t see any difference. (nothing at all)

Some

Some is usually thought of as the positive counterpart to any in many circumstances.

I’m bringing some friends with me.
I have some coffee.

Like any it is used before both C and U nouns, and means an indefinite quantity but not a large amount. The general rule given above for the use of any in negative sentences and questions does not always hold in requests and offers where we often use some to mean a small amount of a known quantity:

Would you like some cake? (here is the cake, do you want a piece of it?)
Could I have some biscuits instead? (any would not be possible in this case)

If we stress the word some in positive and negative sentences and in questions, we are suggesting a limited quantity or number of something:

I like some Beatles songs. (But certainly not all!)
I can see some difference. (But not a lot!)

Вы уже знаете о суперспособностях современного учителя?

Тратить минимум сил на подготовку и проведение уроков.

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Сделать изучение нового материала максимально понятным.

Избавить себя от подбора заданий и их проверки после уроков.

Наладить дисциплину на своих уроках.

Получить возможность работать творчески.

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«Quantifiers»

We use quantifiers when we want to give someone information about the number of something: how much or how many.

Sometimes we use a quantifier in the place of a determiner:

Most children start school at the age of five.
We ate some bread and butter.
We saw lots of birds.

We use these quantifiers with both count and uncount nouns:

all	any	enough	less	a lot of	lots of
more	most	no	none of	some

and some more colloquial forms:

plenty of

heaps of

a load of

loads of

tons of

etc.

Some quantifiers can be used only with count nouns:

both

each

either

(a) few

fewer

neither

several

and some more colloquial forms:

a couple of

hundreds of

thousands of

etc.

Some quantifiers can be used only with uncount nouns:

a little

(not) much

a bit of

And, particularly with abstract nouns such as time, money, trouble, etc:, we often use:

a great deal of

a good deal of

Members of groups

You can put a noun after a quantifier when you are talking about members of a group in general…

Few snakes are dangerous.
Both brothers work with their father.
I never have enough money.

…but if you are talking about a specific group of people or things, use of the … as well

Few of the snakes are dangerous.
All of the children live at home.
He has spent all of his money.

Note that, if we are talking about two people or things we use the quantifiers both, either andneither:

One supermarket

Two supermarkets*

More than two supermarkets

The supermarket was closed

The supermarket wasn't open

I don’t think the supermarket was open.

Both the supermarkets were closed.

Neither of the supermarkets was open.

I don’t think either of the supermarkets was open.

All the supermarkets were closed

None of the supermarkets were open

I don't think any of the supermarkets were open

*Nouns with either and neither have a singular verb.

Singular quantifiers:

We use every or each with a singular noun to mean all:

There was a party in every street.	=	There were parties in all the streets.
Every shop was decorated with flowers.	=	All the shops were decorated with flowers.
Each child was given a prize.	=	All the children were given a prize.
There was a prize in each competition.	=	There were prizes in all the competitions.

We often use every to talk about times like days, weeks and years:

When we were children we had holidays at our grandmother’s every year.
When we stayed at my grandmother’s house we went to the beach every day.
We visit our daughter every Christmas.

BUT: We do not use a determiner with every and each. We do not say:

The every shop was decorated with flowers.
The each child was given a prize.

Предмет: Английский язык

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Quantifiers

Автор: Алиев Ахтем Алиевич

Дата: 20.03.2016

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