The reported speech

The reported speech

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«The reported speech»

“ The Reported Speech (general information)” (9 класс)

Речь какого-нибудь лица, передаваемая буквально так, как она была произнесена, называется прямой речью (direct speech). Речь, передаваемая не слово в слово, а только по содержанию, в виде дополнительных придаточных предложений, называется косвенной речью (reported speech) .

Direct Speech

She says , "I phone my friends every day". (утвердительное предложение)

Reported Speech

She says (that) she phones her friends every day.

Direct Speech

The grandfather says to Mary, “What mark did you get at school?”

(вопросительное предложение)

Reported Speech

The grandfather asks Mary what mark she had got at school.

Direct Speech

The teacher said to the pupils, " Don't open your books.“ (просьба / приказ)

Reported Speech

The teacher told the pupils not to open your books.“

При переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную соблюдаются следующие правила:

1. Запятая, отделяющая слова, вводящие прямую речь, опускается. Кавычки не употребляются.

2. Все личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются по смыслу.

Direct Speech

Bob said, “ I am learning Spanish.”

Reported Speech

Bob said (that) he was learning Spanish.

Direct Speech

He said , " I don't like to watch cartoons.”

Reported Speech

He said (that) he didn’t like to watch cartoons.

Direct Speech

The manager says to Mike: “ Does your father work at a factory?”

Reported Speech

The manager asks Mike if his father works at a factory.

Direct Speech

Kate said to her grandmother, " Help me to cook the soup, please!“

Reported Speech

Kate asked her grandmother to help her to cook the soup.

3. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную в первую очередь следует обращать внимание на грамматическое время глагола в главном предложении.

(She says …/ She said… )

а) Если глагол , вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в одном из настоящих или будущих времен , грамматическое время глагола в косвенной речи не меняется .

Direct Speech

Не says , "I can't remember where I 've put the tickets. (Present Simple)

Reported Speech

Не says (that) he can't remember where he 's put the tickets."

(Present Simple)

Direct Speech

He has already said , "I can't remember where he 's put the tickets. (Present Perfect)

Reported Speech

He has already said (that) he can't remember where I 've put the tickets.“ (Present Perfect)

Direct Speech

If you ask him about the tickets, he ' ll say ,

"I can't remember where I 've put the tickets."

(Future Simple)

Reported Speech

If you ask him about the tickets, he ' ll say (that)

he can't remember where he 's put the tickets.

(Future Simple)

b) Если глагол , вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в одном из прошедших времен , глагол в придаточном предложении косвенной речи употребляется обязательно в одном из прошедших времен. При этом соблюдается правило согласования времен.

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Present Simple

Past Simple

Past Perfect

Future

Future-in-the-Past

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

am / is /are going

went

was / were going

went

have /has gone

had gone

shall / will go

should / would go

have / has been going

had been going

had gone

had been going

Direct Speech

Tom said to the boys, “Who has tickets for “Hamlet”? (Present Simple)

Reported Speech

Tom asked the boys who had tickets for “Hamlet”. (Past Simple)

Direct Speech

Mary said, “ I will do it after my arrival”. (Future Simple)

Reported Speech

Mary said (that) she would do it after her arrival”.

(Future-in-the-Past Simple)

Direct Speech

Sam said, “He didn’t get on with his stepma”. (Past Simple)

Reported Speech

Sam said (that) he hadn’t got on with his stepma. (Past Perfect)

Правило согласования времен

не действует в следующих случаях:

1) Если сказуемое в придаточном предложении выражает общеизвестное положение или факт :

The teacher told the children that the Earth is round. – Учитель сказал детям, что земля круглая.

Правило согласования времен

не действует в следующих случаях:

2) Если в придаточном предложении указано время совершения действия :

Linda said (that) she called her doctor two hours ago . – Линда сказала, что она звонила доктору два часа назад.

Правило согласования времен

не действует в следующих случаях:

3) В предложениях, в придаточных которых употребляется сослагательное наклонение :

He said that if he had time he would go to the pictures. – Он сказал, что, если бы у него было время, он сходил бы в кино.

4. При переводе прямой речи в косвенную меняются также слова, обозначающие место и время действия.

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

now

then

today

that day

tomorrow

the day after tomorrow

the next day

two days later

yesterday

the day before

the day before yesterday

two days before

ago

before

next year

the next year/ the following year

last year

the year before/ the previous year

here

there

this

that

these

those

tonight

that night

Direct Speech

She said, "I left Natalie a message an hour ago ”.

Reported Speech

She said (that) she had left Natalie a message an hour before ”.

Direct Speech

The teacher said , " Did you read an English book last year ?“

Reported Speech

The teacher asked me if I had read an English book the year before ?“

The boyfriend said , “ Take this book, please”.

Reported Speech

The boyfriend asked her girl to take that book.

Direct Speech

5. Если в предложении содержатся модальные глаголы , то они подвергаются изменениям при переводе прямой речи в косвенную в случае, если глагол в главном предложении употреблен в прошедшем времени и если данный модальный глагол имеет форму прошедшего времени .

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

can

could

had been able to

may

might

had to

shall/ will

had to

should/ would

should

ought to

need

needed

Direct Speech

Ann: " I can't skate."

Reported Speech

Ann says (that) she can't skate.

Ann said (that) she couldn't skate.

Direct Speech

The teacher said, “ You ought to be very serious about your homework.

Reported Speech

The teacher said to me (that) I ought to be very serious about my homework.

Запомни!

Глагол must заменяется в косвенной речи глаголом had, только когда must выражает необходимость совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств.

1. Direct Speech

My mother said, “ You must consult a doctor”.

Reported Speech

My mother said (that) I must consult a doctor.

2. Direct Speech

She said, " I must send him a telegram at once."

Reported Speech

She said (that) she had to send him a telegram at once.

Предмет: Английский язык

Категория: Презентации

Целевая аудитория: 9 класс

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The reported speech

Автор: Шукурова Жала Ахырзаман кызы

Дата: 11.02.2020

Номер свидетельства: 539128

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