Словосложение в английском языке

COMPOSITION

PLAN

• DEFINITION OF COMPOSITION
• CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPOUNDS
• COMPOSITION AND OTHER WORD-BUILDING TYPES

DEFINITION

COMPOSITION - the way of word-building when a new word is formed by joining two or more stems

STEM

ROOT +AFFIX

Friend

Friendship

Friendly

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PHRASE AND A COMPOUND

• phonological
• morphological
• syntactical

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PHRASE AND A COMPOUND

The syntactical criterion

The word black in the phrase black birds can be modified by very (very black birds) but not so the compound-member black in blackbirds.

black birds

blackbirds

The morphological criterion

Prof. A. I. Smirnitsky introduced the criterion of formal integrity.

shipwreck –a compound

(the) wreck of (a) ship- a phrase

SPELLING

SPELLING

• FLOWER-POT
• FLOWER POT
• FLOWERPOT

MEANING

CLASSIFICATIONS

ACCORDING TO THE PART OF SPEECH

• Compound nouns ( globe-trotter )
• Compound adjectives ( free-for-all )
• Compound verbs ( to babysit )
• Compound adverbs ( headfirst )
• Compound prepositions ( into )
• Compound numerals ( fifty-five )

Classification according to the way components are joined together

• Neutral ( no joining element) : to window-shop
• Morphological (a vowel or a consonant is a linking element): handicraft
• Syntactical ( a conjunction/ or preposition or an article is a linking element): up-to-date

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS

• COORDINATIVE
• SURBORDINATIVE

COORDINATIVE COMPOUNDS

• Additive ( Anglo-Saxon, a woman-doctor)
• Reduplicative

REDUPLICATIVE COMPOUNDS

• Reduplicative compounds proper ( blah-blah, pretty—pretty, hush-hush, fifty-fifty etc)
• Ablaut combinations ( chit-chat, riff-raff, to dilly-dally, to shilly-shally, a knick-knack, tiptop etc)
• Rhyme combinations ( harum-scarum, hoity-toity, humdrum, namby-pamby, titbit, hurry-scurry, helter-skelter, mumbo-jumbo, topsy-turvy, razzle-dazzle)

SURBODINATIVE COMPOUNDS

• Comparative relations ( honey-sweet)
• Limiting relations ( knee-deep)
• Emphatic relations ( dog-cheap)
• Objective relations ( oil-rich)
• Cause relations ( love-sick)
• Space relations ( garden-party)
• Time relations (summer-house)
• Subjective relations ( foot-sore)
• Functional relations ( raincoat)
• Material relations ( silverware)
• Sex relations ( Tom-cat)

THE MEANING CLASSIFICATION

• IDIOMATIC( a blackboard)
• NON-IDIOMATIC ( airmail)

HOTDOG

IDIOMATIC COMPOUNDS

• partially motivated. The meaning of the constituents (components) is weakened but it is possible to guess the meaning

For example me-generation – поколение, которое озабочено собственными проблемами

lazy-bones – лентяй

IDIOMATIC COMPOUNDS

• non-motivated. The meaning of the constituents (components) is lost.

For example a blue+bottle – василек

• a lady+bird – божья коровка
• a lady+killer – сердцеед
• a tall+boy – комод

CLASSROOM

THE STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

• Compounds proper ( to job-hunt)
• Compound-affixed words ( long-legged )

Compound-affixed words

Derivational compounds or compound-derivatives like long-legged do not fit the definition of compounds as words consisting of more than one free stem, because their second element (- legged ) is not a free stem .

COMPOSITION AND OTHER WORDBUILDING TYPES

• Composition plus conversion ( to blacklist)
• Composition plus affixation ( a no-hoper)
• Composition plus shortening ( an A-bomb)

CLASSIFY THE COMPOUNDS

• Is it a Tom-cat ?
• She is an up-and-coming actress.
• The portrayal of the queen is true-to-life .
• It is easy-peasy .
• I am homesick .
• He is a globe-trotter .

8. Her outfit was just jaw-dropping .

9.He boasted about hobnobing with celebrities.

10. Sarcozy takes shelter from an egg-throwing crowd.

11. How are you going to celebrate the V-day ?

12. The cut-throat competition destroyed their business.

THE END