Reported Speech

Прямая речь (direct speech) — чьё-либо высказывание, которое передаётся дословно, без лексических и грамматических изменений. На письме прямая речь заключается в кавычки.

Mary said, ‘I came to London yesterday.’

Мэри сказала: «Я приехала в Лондон вчера»

Косвенная речь (indirect/reported speech) — способ передачи чужой речи, при котором сохраняется смысл чьего-либо высказывания, но меняется его лексический состав и грамматическое оформление.

Mary said that she had come to London the day before.

Мэри сказала, что она приехала в Лондон вчера.

Для ввода косвенной речи чаще всего используются глаголы say, tell и ask.

Глагол say может употребляться без дополнения или с дополнением и предлогом to.

He said that he was tired. - сказал

They said to me that she was very upset. - сказал (кому?) мне

Глагол tell употребляется только с дополнением без предлога.

He told me that he was tired. - сказал (кому?) мне

They told him that she was very upset. - сказали (кому?) ему

Глагол ask может употребляться как без дополнения, так и с дополнением без предлога.

He asked (me) if I was comfortable. - спросил (меня)

Личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются в зависимости от смысла высказывания.

‘ I am tired,’ said Helen. — Helen said that she was tired.

Я устала…. … она устала

‘ My family moved to Paris,’ said Sam — Sam said that his family had moved to Paris.

Моя семья ……. … его семья

Если вводный глагол в главном предложении употребляется в настоящем времени, то видовременная форма глагола в косвенной речи не изменяется.

‘ I don’t like apples’, Peter says. (present simple). — Peter says (that) he doesn’t like apples (present simple).

‘ My family moved to Paris in 2017 ’, Sam says. (past simple) . — Sam says (that) his family moved to Paris in 2017 (past simple) .

Если вводный глагол в главном предложении употребляется в прошедшем времени, то видовременная форма глагола в косвенной речи меняется на одно из прошедших времён:

present simple — past simple.

‘ I need a new coat,’ Mary said. — Mary said (that) she needed a new coat

present continuous — past continuous.

‘ The baby is crying,’ she said. — She said (that) the baby was crying

present perfect — past perfect .

‘ I have already read this book,’ he said. — He said (that) he had already read the book

past simple — past perfect .

‘ I sold my car,’ John said. — John said (that) he had sold his car;

past continuous — past perfect continuous.

‘ I was watching TV at 5 pm,’ she said. She said (that) she had been watching TV at 5 pm;

past perfect — не изменяется ;

future (will) — future-in-the-past (would).

‘ I will call you tomorrow,’ Paul said. — Paul said (that) he would call me the next day.

Выражения, обозначающие время

now — then, at that time;

today — that day;

tonight — that night;

yesterday — the day before;

tomorrow — the next day; the following day

this week — that week;

last week — the week before;

next week — the next/following week;

two days ago — two days before.

Ann said, ‘My friend will come tomorrow.’ — Ann said that her friends would

come the next/following day.

here — there;

so, such — very.

‘ It’s so interesting!’ Ann said. — Ann said that it was very interesting.

“ I take my little sister to school,” little Anthony said.

“ They are playing in the gym now,” Nick said.

“ I don’t like chocolate,” Mary said.

“ Nelly can’t write,» Mum said.

“ I am planning to go to Kenya,” Sally said.

«We have gone on holiday»,my friends said.

“ My sister has broken my pencil”, Nick said.

«Yesterday, I saw Mary in the street», Mary said.

“ Sammy arrived by train yesterday», He said.

“ This work will take little time», Mr Brown said.

“ Sandy won’t be able to come tomorrow», her sister said.