Модальные глаголы

Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs: 1) отношение к действию 2) употребляется без to 3) меняется по временам и имеет эквиваленты 4) с частицей not 5) употребляются без вспомогательных глаголов при вопросах

I can read. I am able to read. I can not read. Can I read?

Modal Verbs

Translation

Can

Example

(am/is/are able to)

Мочь, уметь

They can control their own budgets.

We can’t fix it.

Can I smoke here?

Can you help me?

Modal Verbs

Translation

Could

Example

(was/were able to)

Could I borrow your pen? – I don’t know where mine is.

Could you say it again more slowly?

We could try to fix it ourselves.

I think we could have another default.

Мог, могли, умели

He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

Modal Verbs

Translation

May

Example

(am/is/are allowed to)

Можно,

разрешить

May I have another cup of tea?

Might

Prices may increase.

(was/were allowed to)

Можно было

They might give us a 10% discount.

Modal Verbs

Translation

Must (have/has to, had to)

Example

должен

We must say good-bye now.

Modal Verbs

Translation

Ought to

Example

следует

Need (not)

We ought to employ more staff.

(не) надо

I need not your help.

Modal Verbs

Translation

Shall

Example

Можно..?

Shall I help you with your luggage?

Shall we say Monday then?

Should

Shall I do that or will you?

Должен был

We should deal with this problem at once.

Modal Verbs

Translation

Will

Example

Можно,могу

I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk.

I’ll do that for you if you like.

Would you

I’ll call you first thing on Monday.

Не могли бы Вы

Would you mind if I brought a friend with me?

Translate the sentences; explain the usage of the certain modal verbs:

1. The green wire should be connected to terminal 4.

2. You mustn’t turn the machine when the red warning light is on.

3. This lever can be up or down.

4. We can recycle old products to make new ones.

5. The red switch has to be on.

6. A rheostat is a resistor whose resistance value may be varied.

7. That morning he had to leave his car at home.

8. You can’t ride a motorbike with no helmet.

Put the verbs into Past Simple. Use the modal verbs and their equivalents:

1. He must- work hard to finish his experiment.

2. I can- devote myself to scientific work.

3. You may- repeat this experiment.

4. He must- illustrate this law by several experiments.

5. She can- study automation in the college.

6. They may- carry out these experiments at the laboratory.

HAD TO

Put the verbs can, may, must .

• What ____ we see on this map?
• ____ you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I ____ not.
• At what time ____ you come to college?
• ____ I come in?
• You ____ not smoke here.
• ____ take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it.
• I have very little time: I ____ go.
• They ____ not go to the cinema today because they are busy.
• You ____ read this text: it is easy enough.

Insert necessary modal verbs:

1. For each new product the producing equipment ... reprogrammed and changed over. 2. The applications of robots ... divided into three categories. 3. The petrol engine ... develop much power at low speeds. 4. Despite its diversity, electrical engineering ... divided into four main branches. 5. He ... finish the work because of the lack of money. 6. Computers ... input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. 7. Engineers ... know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear.