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The Limericks and a Fiction as a Literary Genre
Made by: Yulia Kopylova
the student of the 10th form
“ Pozhva’s Municipal Budget School Providing General Education №1”
The leader: Lyubov Ivanovna Gorkunova,
the teacher of English
of the highest category
| 2015
The Content The annotation to the work "The Limericks and a fiction as a literary genre" ______________ ___ _ ___________ __________ 2 The Introduction ______________ ___ _ ___ ____________4 The main part of Chapter 1 _________ _______ ____ ___ _ 5 What is a limerick? ___________ _________ 6 The plot of the limerick __ ____ ____ _______ 7 The Limerick’s form ______ ____ __________ 8 The Language means of the limerick ________ 9 The Translation of the limerick ____ ____ ___ 10 Chapter 2 ____________________ ___ _______________ 10 What is a nursery rhyme? _______________ 11 What is a teaser? ______ _________________ 12 What are rhymes? ______________________ 13 What are mirilkies? ______________________14 What is a fiction? ______ ________________ 14 The comparative analysis of the material ____________________16 The Conclusion _______________________________ _________18 The List of Literature ____________________________________ 19 The supplement_____________________________________ 20-23
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1. The Annotation to the Work "The Limericks and a Fiction as a Literary Genre"
The Literature for children is characterized by the presence of simple forms. Any children's comedy work is something special, with a set of specific qualities. Children's poem usually has a simple, interesting and fun for the child's story. Another feature is the rhyme and rhythm, more often adjacent (Aabb) and cross (Ababii) rhymes. In addition to the interesting story and rhyme, children's poems have to be funny. How humor can be seen in the children's poem? Usually through the development of an interesting story, through a ridiculous climax and denouement unusual poem. The desire to amuse and entertain the children played an important role in accessing the genre, built on the NCCA plays nonsense. In the English literature, a genre fun stuff is a limerick. The Baby limerick is beginning, like any genre for kids is simplicity, directness, playful sense gaming boost. We assume that in the Russian literature has similar literary forms. What a form of the Russian literature is most similar to a limerick? The aim of the work is to define a short poetic form of the Russian literature, which would correspond to the English Limerick.
Objectives: 1. To analyze the structure and content of the limerick. 2. To identify the characteristics of a limerick. 3. To determine the criteria for comparative analysis. 4. To compare some brief poetic forms of the Russian literature and compare them against the criteria. 5. To make a conclusion. Hypothesis:
We assume that in the Russian literature there is a short poetic form, the same content as the English Limerick. 2 Research methods: A descriptive-analytic method. Analysis of the content (content analysis). A comparative method. Systematization and generalization.
Subjects:
Internet sites, dictionaries, texts.
The practical significance of the work: We believe that our work will contribute to the formation of language and knowledge of the country. We assume that the material work can be used for extracurricular activities both on the Russian literature and the English language. In addition, our work has stimulated whether a literary work of pupils of the 7th form. (See. Supplement 1) Sure, this is the view of the works helpful for the development of thinking and creative skills of the personality.
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2. The Introduction
Whether do you love poems for children? Whether do you love them as they love all children? These lines have become favourite for several generations. |
Our Tanya crying bitterly (a)
Dropped the ball into the river (a)
Hush, Tanya, do not cry (b)
Do not drown in the river ball. (B) |
Bear dropped on the floor. (A)
Torn bear paw. (A)
All the same, it will not give up, (b)
Because he is good. (B)
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There is a bull, swinging (a)
Sighs on the go (b)
Already board ends (a)
Now I fall. (B)
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Bunny threw hostess, (a)
The rain stayed hare. (A)
Peel off the bench could not, (b)
All strings to get wet. (B)
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The Literature for children is characterized by the presence of simple forms. Any children's comedy work is something special, with a set of specific qualities. The children's poem usually has a simple, an interesting and fun for the child's story. Another feature is that the rhyme and rhythm, more often adjacent (Aabb) and cross (Ababii) rhymes. In addition to the interesting story and rhyme, the children's poems have to be funny. How humor can be seen in the children's poem? Usually through the development of an interesting story, through a ridiculous climax and denouement of an unusual poem.
4 4 We are interested in such literary forms that would possess all the qualities of the favorite children's books: a simple and a funny story, a rhyme and a rhythm. After studying the theoretical material, we found that such forms are. They are limericks. But the limerick came to us from the English literature. We assume that in the Russian literature there are similar literary forms. What is a form of the Russian literature which is mostly similar to a limerick? The aim of our work is to define a brief poetic form of the Russian literature, which would correspond to the English Limerick.
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3.The Main Part
Chapter1
The desire to amuse and entertain the children played an important role in accessing the genre, built on the NCCA plays nonsense. The Baby limerick is beginning, like any genre for kids with the simplicity, directness, playful sense gaming boost.
3.1. What is the Limerick?
The Limerick is a kind of a poem, one of the components of the English humor and culture. The roots of the genre of the limericks is in an oral folklore of the UK. In the fifth collection of the English folk poems and songs schitalok for children "Mother Goose Rhymes", first published in England in the late 17th century. And contains the first published limericks. They can be described in various ways: short songs, poems, fiction, nonsense, the origin of which is traditionally associated with an Irish Limerick.
Now it is difficult to know who was the creator of the first limerick, and why his name came from the city of Limerick in Ireland. However, it is believed that the name of the poem goes back to the tradition to invent and sing at parties comic songs, the chorus of which was the phrase "Will you come up to Limerick?" - "You come to Limerick?" (Or any other version of "Come all the way up to Limerick?"). For the first time in the UK title of the poem in the New English Dictionary (New English Dictionary) in 1898.
The first person to publish a collection of his own limericks (1846), considered Edward Lear. The book was called "Nonsense» («Book of Nonsense»). E. Lear was one of the most famous English poets, thanks to his limericks became popular in Britain. E. Lear wrote 212 limericks, most of which were funny and absurd.
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There was a Young Lady of Niger,
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They returned from the ride
With the Lady inside,
And the smile on the face of the tiger. |
One girl-Laughs
She loved to ride a lioness.
Confess to you honestly -
Maid disappeared,
But smiling lioness.
(Translated by S. Marshak)
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3. 2. The Plot of the Limerick
The Limerick is usually described by a certain incident that happened to someone somewhere. A prerequisite for this is a comedy event, with the humor it is usually understood in the English style, a certain eccentricity, paradoxical, ironic, even absurd - this is all very much appreciated. Each line has a certain role-load charge allotted to her part of the story. Composite rules limerick is not required us to clear the story than used so successfully by Edward Lear. For example, often mentioned in the first line of a geographical name, took them not so much for the sake of a scientific accuracy, but for the entourage and rhymes. That is not necessarily in the second and third lines, we learn about common problems or resident of a particular country adventure. The Limericks are easy to remember, thanks to the ease of playing, characteristic rhythm, humor, a punning content, a clear rhyme. The Limericks are not only familiar with the magnificent poetic samples typically English "absurd" humor, but also is an excellent material to produce the correct phonetic organization of the English speech and in particular its rhythm.
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3.3. The Form of a Limerick
The Limerick form was strictly fixed: they consisted of five lines. In the first, a rather long line, usually describes who and where there lived; the second, also quite long line, introduces some interesting feature of the hero; The third and the fourth lines are short, they tell of the unexpected, and sometimes improbable events; the fifth line is rather long and very funny (sometimes it is similar to the first one). The Rhyme in the Limerick are fixed: the first and the second lines rhyme with the fifth row, and the third with the fourth (Scheme - ABSA).
As a rule, the Limerick begins with the words "There was a ...", which corresponds to the Russian folklore intonation "There once was." |
There was an Old Man of Peru, (a)
Who dreamt he was eating his shoe. (A)
He awoke in the night (b)
In a terrible fright (b)
And found it was perfectly true! (A) |
One day he saw an eccentric
In the dream, he eats his shoe
He suddenly awoke
And make
That this is true.
(Translation SJ Marshak)
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There was an Old Person of Fife, (a)
Who was greatly disgusted with life; (A)
They sang him a ballad, (b)
And fed him a salad, (b)
Which cured that Old Person of Fife. (A)
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There once was an old man at the pier,
Whose life is depressing.
He was given a dressing
And played the sonata
And a little relieved him.
(Translated by S. Marshak) 8
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There was a Young Lady whose nose (a)
Was so long that it reached to her toes;(A)
So she hired an Old lady (b)
Whose conduct was steady, (b)
To carry that wonderful nose. (A)
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Lady was old, whose nose
Reach the ground, so grown up.
And she had to hire an old lady,
Behavior whose firm and robust,
To bore an amazing nose.
(Translated by M. Redkina)
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3.4. Language’s Tools of a Limerick The punning character of a limerick allows free variation of linguistic resources within tight rhymes. For limerick which is characterized by such language as means of an expression: pun intended, homophones, homonyms, synonymy, polysemy (8), a rich lexical and stylistic variety of English words. Limerick is played curious inconsistency of English spelling and pronunciation. |
There was a young lady of Lynn
Who was so uncommonly thin
That when she essayed
To drink lemonade,
She slipped through the straw and fell in. |
The owner of the villa in Thessaloniki
Was surprisingly thin.
Want to cool
Drink limonadu-
And fell into the glass through a straw.
(Translated by M. Redkina.)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.Russian language. Encyclopedia \ Ch. Ed. N. Karaulov.-P89, 2nd ed., Rev. And add. - M.: Bustard, 1997.-703s. 9
3.5.The Translation of the Limericks
An interesting view of Limerick is working on the translation. The Limericks are translated and translated into many languages. The Excellent translations were made by S. Marshak, the best interpreter of the English nonsense in our country. Widely known translations made by K.Chukovsky. Thanks to the translation by S. Marshak and I.K. Chukovsky children of the Soviet Union met with Robin Bobigny, Jack, who built a house, etc. Later, many authors have addressed the limericks translations into Russian. Among them V.Orlov, S.Sashin, O.Astafeva, M.Redkina and others.
The secret of the translation is to keep rhyme, verse limerick size, as well as not to lose his humorous character. Translators are not rarely have to change "geography" of the Limerick and the proper names of heroes sacrifice the minor details, or replace them to keep the poetic form and the pun works. So, we have analyzed the structure and the content of the limericks, revealed their characteristic features.
4.Chapter 2
The next stage of our work is to determine the criteria for comparative analysis and comparison of some of the poetic forms of the Russian literature with the English Limerick.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the limericks, we have identified the following criteria for comparative analysis.
The characteristic rhythm. A clear rhyme. Humorous, punning content, often to the point of meaninglessness, of the absurd. A variety of language tools.
For comparison, we chose the Limerick following by poetic forms of the Russian literature: nursery rhymes, teasers, children's rhymes, and stories mirilki. 10 4.1.What is a nursery rhyme?
Tales are a genre of folklore. Tales executed in the process of actions performed a small child with an adult. Nursery rhymes, above all, teaches a young child to understand human speech and teaches perform various gestures, movements, which direct the word. The word in the nursery rhymes, though inextricably linked with the gesture is a major, leads the gesture. The word instructs an adult and a child should be under the command make some movement. For example, in the well-known nursery rhyme "Okay," as only an adult will say this word, the child should clap your hands, and the word "sat at the head" will put the handle on the head. Gradually, the child masters speech and begins to himself to give commands. |
Katya Katya small, (a)
Katya udalenky. (A)
Take, Katya, Gorenki, (b)
Topni, Katya, legs hurt. (B) |
Tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-that (a)
Come, sieve: (a)
Muchka millet, (b)
Pies zateyte (b)
With buckwheat, (c)
Cakes for Masha! (In a)
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But not only teaches nursery rhymes movements, and brings it teaches kids to understand "what is good" and "what is bad", "Mom, daughter, listen", "Small, small, not good! You did not bring some water." Tales introduces a child into the world, teaches him to live, learn fun. We can say that nursery rhymes is a fun public school for the little ones.
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4.2. What is a Teaser?
A teaser is a small poem by children in ridiculing human shortcomings faced, or for protection against the abuser. After studying children teasers, adults will be able to more fully understand your baby: what evils it more unpleasant. It is important to understand that bullying is not a teaser, but the line between them is very thin. It teaches children the ability to notice the bad, unfair, ugly, she learns to hear the words and match them in consonance and meaning, it develops sensitivity to absurd situations in life and in the verbal image. |
Walks, walks (a)
Beggar. (B)
Please go to: (a)
Give me, give, (b)
Give a piece of pie, (a)
Give a sip of milk, (a)
Polkotletki,
Polsosiski,
Polkonfetki,
Polrediski,
Polrezinki,
Half-line,
Polkartinki,
Polkopeyki.
(Marshak) |
Meanie, beef, (a)
Pickles (b)
Lying on the floor, (a)
No it does not eat! (B)
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4.3. What are Rhymes?
The children's rhymes are special kinds of children's poems, whose task is to distribute the roles in the game. Depending on the type of a game, counting or appointing only lead or shared between all role players. The main feature is its rhythmic rhymes. Accents so pronounced Counting quickly and clearly, and the end of the sentence to make it possible for the player pointing movement. |
You listen, guys, (a)
I want to tell you: (b)
We were born kittens - (a)
They account for exactly five. (B)
We decided we were wondering:
How do we call the kittens?
Finally, we call them:
One Two Three Four Five.
Times - most white kitten,
Two - kitten boldest,
Three - the smartest kitten,
A Four - the noisiest.
Five similar to Two and Three -
The same tail and head,
The same spot on the back,
Just sleeping all day in a basket.
Good we have kittens -
One Two Three Four Five!
Visit us guys
View and count!
(S. Mikhalkov) |
Once there were two neighbors, (a)
Two neighbor-eater. (A)
Cannibal ogre (b)
Invites you to lunch. (B)
Eater replied: - No,
I will not go to you, neighbor!
For lunch, get no evil,
But it is
Not in the form
The Dishes!
(B. Zakhoder)
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4.4. What are Mirilky?
Mirilky is a genre of children's folklore, and after him, and author of poems, lets say the word of reconciliation after a quarrel. The ability to forgive, tolerate - an important skill that parents should teach their child. Mirilki help to cope with this task. |
Agree, Agree, (a)
Do not fight me. (A)
If you're going to fight, (b)
I'll bite. (B)
And we can not bite, (c)
Because we are friends. (In a) |
Agree, Agree, (a)
Do not fight me. (A)
If you're going to fight, (b)
I'll bite. (B)
Mom will come, (c)
We both fall. (In a)
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4.5. What is a Fiction?
A Fiction: this is the first intelligent child's play and nurturing children. The separation of the object and its functions, as well as granting new object, uncharacteristic for him signs: all these are the first exercises in logic. For a child the fiction is a funny, funny poem, as well as the necessary stage of the development. At the age of two and a half - four years, children will come up with the stories and shifters, "Uncle Mania", "Dame pitcher of milk and a piece of cake" and so forth. The Fiction is a genre of folklore, small in terms of narrative prose or the verse, usually a comic content the plot of which are incongruous, absurd, inverted image, deliberate distortion of reality; tale, based on the violation of the semantic combinations of the words, a kind of "Changeling."
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Lived a tall man (a)
Small stature (b)
He has no children, (a)
Only son and a daughter. (B)
Son 18 - (a)
In lyulechke swinging, (b)
Daughter and a half years - (a)
Going to marry. (B) |
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting, (a)
With him went poodle, jumped the fence. (B)
Ivan, like a log, fell into a swamp (a)
A poodle drowned in the river, like an ax. (B) Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting,
With him went skipping poodle, like an ax.
Ivan fallen log in the swamp,
A poodle in a river jumped the fence.
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting,
With him poodle in the river fell into the fence.
Ivan, like a log, jumped swamp
A poodle skipping got an ax.
(D. Harms) | |
Very very
Strange appearance: River outside Lightssomeone's home tail wagging, Doggieshoots a gun, boy I almost ate the mousecat with glasses reading a book, Old Grandpa flew out the window, Sparrowgrabbed grain But how will shout,Departing: - That's what means Comma!(B. Zakhoder)
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Warm spring now, (but) we have ripened grapes. (B) The horse horned Meadow (a) In the summer of jumps in the snow.(B) In the late autumn Bear Loves to sit in the river. And in the winter among the branches of "Ha-ha-ha!" - the nightingale sang. Quickly give me the answer - Is it true or not? (Chukovski)
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Comparable short poetic forms of Russian literature and compare them according to the criteria characterizing the English limerick. 5. Comparative Analysis |
The Form |
Rhythm
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Rhyme
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Table Of Contents
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Language tools
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Limerick
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Coincidence rhythmic pattern with rhyming lines.
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Solid rhyme scheme (ABSA).
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Funny, punning, sometimes absurd content.Nonsense, nonsense (nonsence).
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Pun intended, homophones, homonyms, synonymy, polysemy, rich lexical and stylistic diversity of words.
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Tales
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Coincidence rhythmic pattern with rhyming lines.
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Often adjacent rhyme scheme (Aabb) or (aabbvv).
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Gestures, movements, which directs the word.Verbal commands.
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A small amount of vocabulary using nouns affectionately-diminutive form.
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Teaser
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Coincidence rhythmic pattern with rhyming lines.
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Often cross rhyme scheme (Ababii).
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Ridiculing human weaknesses or comical situation.
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Synonyms, homophones, pun intended. 20 | |
Rhymes
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Rhythm fast and clear. Semantic accent on the last sentence.
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Characteristic of both adjacent and cross-rhyme schemes (Aabb) (Ababii).
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The distribution of roles in the game.
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Frequent use of numerals.
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Mirilka
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Coincidence rhythmic pattern with rhyming lines.
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Often adjacent rhyme scheme (Aabb).
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Reconciliation after a quarrel.
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Frequent use of the imperative verbs.
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Fable
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Coincidence rhythmic pattern with rhyming lines.
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Characteristic of both adjacent and cross-rhyme schemes (Aabb) (Ababii).
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Usually comic content, the plot of which are incongruous, absurd, inverted image, deliberate distortion of reality; tale, based on the violation of semantic combinations of words, a kind of "Changeling."
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Pun intended, homophones, homonyms, synonymy, polysemy, rich lexical and stylistic diversity of words.
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6. The Conclusion
After analyzing the characteristics of the selected literary forms, we obtained the following results. None of the proposed short poetic forms of Russian literature does not coincide with Limerick scheme rhymes. The longest match on criteria of content and language means notes between Limerick and fables.
The Conclusion is that the fiction is a poetic form of the Russian literature closest to the Limerick. Summing up, we can confirm our initial hypothesis that in the Russian literature there is a short poetic form, which has all the qualities of favorite children's books: simple and funny story, rhyme and rhythm. This is a fiction. In addition, a kind of humor inherent in fiction makes her look like an English limerick. The Fiction and the limerick are short literary forms, which can be attributed to the genre of fun stuff.
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The List of References Foreign languages at school №5, 2002 Foreign languages at school №4, 2002 Foreign languages at school №1, 2003 Foreign languages at school №4, 2005 "The world is nonsense. Limericks old and new ", compiled by K. H. Atarova, Rainbow, 2003 ISBN 5-05-005749-3 M. Lyubimov. Celebrations with the Cheshire cat. Amphora / E vrika, St. Petersburg, 2001 Mother Goose rhymes. M, Promotion, 1993 Russian language. Encyclopedia \ Ch. Ed. Yu. H. P89 guards .- 2nd ed., Rev.And add. - M.: Bustard, 1997.-703 with. TL Sluzhevskaya. Lessons Russian literature. Practical work on culture of speech. St. Petersburg, "Tuskar", 1996. Baring-Gould 1969 - Baring-Gould WS The Lure of the Limerick. London, 1969. Byrom 1977 - Byrom T. Nonsense and Wonder. New York, 1977. Cammaerts 1925 - Cammaerts E. The Poetry of Nonsense. London, 1926. 1982 Hark - Hark IR Edward Lear. Boston, 1982. Lehman 1977 - Lehman J. Edward Lear and His World. London, 1977. The List of Used Electronic Resources http://www.danilova.ru http://lir.ramot.ru/limeriki/ http://www.mamamo.ru http://www.nonsenselit.org/Lear/ http://www.peoples.ru/art/literature/poetry/oldage/lear/ http://ec-dejavu.ru/ http://www.km.ru/referats/A969C5A02E1D44B69FA052F9563DA8C7
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The Supplement 1
Limericks of the 7th form students.
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Mature old woman from Brest
hat blinded the morning of the test.
sip drinks tea
and a piece of the hat
to eat for breakfast old woman from Brest.
One person from Vietnam
to walk in the lovely Panama
But evil watchdog
Panama blew
And there is no longer a new Panama.
(T. Kashcheeva) |
Writer living in the Crimea,
he often has nightmares.
That dream yesterday him
what he should Gerasim
avenge the murder of Mumu. One old man with the scythe to chase all day osoyu. But at five o'clock , he lost a scythe and was bitten osoyu hurt.
There was old man in Amsterdam
do not clean the hat for years.
He is her chance
to make tea
and it also walked in Amsterdam.
A diplomat from Athens
Smashed inadvertently carafe.
In the course of small talk
about the skull of a neighbor
, he split a carafe of Athens.
(AP Lyubchich)
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One husband is very fond of eating,
For the wife in the kitchen watching.
But one day she
burned whole potatoes -
By the end of her days is not easy.
(A. Laas)
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Wonderful doctor from Manila
all prescribed glue and ink.
Once he accidentally drank
tea spoon Clay ...
All Manila to bury him. One peasant in Suriname picked up by the tsunami waves. And a bit of bruising, there came to Saratov, where it fed pancakes. The aunt of the Moor Le HavreKok once on the play about the Moor gave ohlamonu not strangle Desdemona - That's the tragedy of the Moor from Le Havre! (A. Zobnina)
20 | |
Three mouse Street Long
dreamed of almond bun.
In the kitchen ran,
fell into the trap of
Dreamers in the street later on. Went lady in Marseille eat in the restaurant pudding. While reaching out, coach broke - All ate in Marseille jelly. (V. Leglay)
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Cowboy from Texas glorious
loved hunting snipe.
He fired again,
he shot two -
There was only fluff from Snipe. A husband is very fond of eating, For the woman in the kitchen watching. But one day she burned whole potatoes - By the end of her days is not easy. ( A. Laas)
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There WAS A lady of York
Who USED to Eat only pork.
Poor little Pigs
Wanted to have wings
To Escape from the lady of York.
(AP Lyubchich) |
A little there lived Fish
That did not want to be A dish.
She met worm A Small
And Home Invited HIM -
That WAS the end of A Fish. There lived A young Man of Peking Who Decided to buy A Penguin. He Offered HIM rice and sugar With Spice But died Poor little Penguin. (A. Laas)
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There lived A young lady of Wales
Who wanted to swim with Big Whales.
The whale Opened His Throat
And the lady WAS swallowed.
Every day Big Whales swim near Wales.
(T. Kashcheeva)
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There WAS an English dragon
Who liked to Travel in A Waggon.
All passengers sneezed
But dragon WAS pleased
To Travel ahead in A Waggon. There WAS A young Man of Peru Who Decided to ride A Kangaroo. He wanted to sit back on ITS But found Himself in ITS bag. Far away ran Grey Kangaroo That. (V. Leglay)
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