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«План урока по английскому языку для 9ых классов»
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Article
Artikl ingliz tiliga xos bo’lib, noaniq a(an) va aniq the artikli mavjud. A(an) asosan bir dona ma’nosini bildirib,otdan oldin keladi. Kasblar bilan a(an) ishlatiladi. Masalan:
I have a friend .
Tashkent is a city.
I am a doctor.
The artikli aniq predmetlar uchun oldindan qayd etilgan narsalar uchun qo’llanadi. Bu articllarning ishlatilish qoydalari juda murakkab, ular biroz qiynchiliklar tug’diradi, chunki istesno hollari ko’p.
The aniq artikli asosan :
1 Daryo , dengiz , okean, ko’llar , tog’ chizmalari bilan
The Urals, the pacific Ocean, the Black sea.
2 Yagona planetalar, yer, osmon,quyosh,oy bilan
The Earth, the sky, the sun, the moon.
3 Dunyo tomonlari: sharq. g’arb, janub.shimol bilan
The east, the west, the south, the north.
4 Tartib sonlar bilan
The first, the second.
5 Sifatlarning ortirma darajasi bilan
The most interesting, the best, the biggest va boshqa hollarda.
Artikllar o’quv predmetlari, sport o’yinlari, ovqatlar, mamlakatlar, shaharlar, qit’alar, nomlari atoqli otlar va boshqa bir qator hollarda ishlatilmaydi: Canada, Tashkent, Europe, football, literature, soup.
I. Mos artikllarni qo’ying.
1 We have … large family.
2 My mother is … doctor.
3 He is … engineer.
4 England is … country.
5 I am … student.
II. Gaplarni tarjima qiling, artikllarga e’tibor bering.
1 The Thames is a river.
2 Russia is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.
3 This is a map of the world.
4 The USA is the largest country in America.
5 Jack London is an English writer.
6 The North Sea separates the British Isles from Europe.
7 Which is the highest mountain in our country?
8 The Balkans are old mountains.
9 I buy bread and milk in the shop.
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LESSON 2
To be – fe’li
To be fe’li hozirgi noaniq zamonda uchta shaklga ega: am, is, are.
To be fe’li bu zamonda agar gapda asosiy fe’l bo’lmaganda ega bilan kesimni bog’lash uchun ishlatiladi. So’roq shakli to be fe’lini egadan oldinga chiqarish , bo’lishsizlik shakli kelsato be fe’lidan so’ng not inkor yuklamasini qo’yish bilan yasaladi. Masalan:
I am a student We are students
He (She) is a student You are student (s)
It is a student They are students
Am I a student?
Yes, I am / No, I am not.
Is she (he) a student?
Yes, she (he) is / No, she (he) is not.
Are you students? Yes, we are / No we are not .
Yes, he (she ) is / No, he (she) is not.
Are you (they) students? Yes, we are /No, we are not
4. Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling :
1. Mening ismim Ozoda va yoshim 18da . 2. Bizning xonamiz katta . 3. U talaba emas . 4. Bobur mening do'stim. 5. Dilbar talaba emas, u oqituvchi. 6. Siz uydamisiz ? Yoq men ishdaman. 7. Ular ko'chada emas, ular xonada. 8. Televizor deraza yonida. 9. Talaba doska yonida. 10. Bizning hovlimiz katta emas. 5. Savollarga javob bering.
1. Are you a student ?
2. Is he a good film director ?
3. What is this ?
4. Are you in the street now ?
5. Is he at home ?
6. Is Jack London a famous English writer ?
7. Are the students at the lesson now ?
8. Is she right ?
To be - Felining o'tgan zamon shakli
to be - o'tgan zamonda birlik uchun- was , ko'plik uchun -were shakli ishlatiladi .
So'roq shakli - to be ning egadan oldin chiqarish bilan , bo'lishsizlik shakli esa to bedan keyin not , inkor yuklamasini qo'yish bilan yasaladi .ko'pincha o'zbek tilida edi deb tarjima qilinadi
Bo'lishli shakl
I was ill We were ill
She was ill You were ill
He was ill They were ill
it was ill
So'roq shakli
Was I ill ? Were we ill?
Was he ill ? Were you ill ?
Was she ill ? Were they ill ?
Bo'lishsiz shakli
I was not ill We were not ill
He was not ill You were not ill
She was not ill They were not ill
It was not ill
6.Gaplarni so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring
1. He was at home yesterday . 2. She was in London some years ago . 3. She was ill . 4. It was too dark in the street . 5. We were at home last night. 8. The colour of the trees was yellow . 9. It was warm outside 10. We were at the theatre last Sunday.
to be - fe'lning kelasi zamonda ishlatilishi
to be fe'li kelasi noaniq zamonda kelasi zamonni ko'rsatuvchi shall va will yordamchi fe'llari bilan keladi .
Bo'lishli shakli
I shall be We shall be
He will be You will be
She will be They will be
It will be
Bo'lishsiz shakli
I shall not be We shall not be
He will not be You will not be
She will not be They will not be
It will not be
So'roq shakli
Shall I be ? Shall we be ?
Will he be ? Will you be ?
Will she be ? Will they be ?
Will it be ?
7.Gaplarni so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring .
1. He will be late . 2. I shall be a teacher . 3. It will be cold . 4. He will be there at 10. 5. The conference will be good .6. Everything will be all right . 7.They will be ready. 8. It will be dark . 9. It will be sunny .10. They will be glad . 11. She will be a doctor .
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LESSON 3
There is , there are konstruksiyasi
Bu konstruksiya o'zbek tiliga tarjima qilinmaydi . Agar gap o'rin paytidan boshlansa ingliz tilida qo'llaniladi . Gap o'zbek tiliga gapning oxiridan tarjima qilinadi . Masalan : There are many trees in our street - Bizning ko'chamizda daraxtlar ko'p.
Gapning egasi to be (is, are, was , were) dan keyin keladi . Kelasi zamon shakli will be shaklida bo'ladi . Masalan : There will be a meeting tomorrow . So'roq shakli yordamchi fe'lni egadan oldinga chiqarish bilan yasaladi .
Are there many students in your group ?
Will there be many people at the concert ?
Bo'lishsiz shaklda not inkor yuklanmasi to be dan keyin keladi :
There are not many flowers in the vase .
There will not be many people at the concert .
Gaplarning so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklini bering .
There is a telephone on the desk .
There are many songs in this film .
There were a lot of orchestras in Tashkent ..
8.Gaplani bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring .
1.There is little greenery in our street .
2.There are pictures on the wall .
3.There will be a new city near the station .
4.There will be a new shop in the centre of the city.
5.There were many people in the dark .
6.There is a young man at the table .
7.There were many people in the corridor.
8.There was an actor on the stage .
9.There were many students at the conference .
10.There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
9.Gaplarni tarjima qiling
1.Xonada ikkita talaba bor. 2.Stolda ko'p kitoblar bor . 3.Bizning shaxarda ko'p chiroyli joylar bor. 4.Bog'da chiroyli gullar ko'p. 5.O'quv zalida talabalar ko'p . 6.Matnda yangi so'zlar bor. 7.Bizning institutimizda to'rtta fakultet bor. 8.Kamandada 11 oyinchi bor. 9.Kutubxonada minglab kitob va jurnallar bor. 10.Bir yilda 4 fasl bor.
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LESSON 4
Kishilik olmoshlari
Ingliz tilida sen va siz olmoshlari uchun you ishlatiladi. Ayollar uchun she, erkaklar uchun he , hayvonlar va jonsiz predmetlar uchun it qo'llaniladi .
Birlik ko'plik
I - men we - biz
she - u you - siz
he - u they - ular
it - u
Ko'plikda they olmoshi jonli va jonsiz narsalar uchun ular ma'nosida ishlatiladi .
Masalan: Nick and Jane are friends. They are at school now. The books are on the table. They are English books.
Egalik olmoshlari
my - mening our - bizning
her your - sizning , sening
his – uning their - ularning
its
Egalik olmoshlari narsalarning kimga tegishli ekanini anglatib , gapda aniqlovchi vazifasini bajaradi .
Masalan: It's my book . Our room is large .
Mos egalik olmoshlarini qo'llang :
1. Ann is ... sister. 2. She is ... sister ... name is Aziza . 3. Bob is ... brother .. hobby is chess . 4. ... institute is large . 5. Pete and Bob are friends. ... parents are doctors . 6. It is ... book . 7. It is a dog. ... name is Max . 8. It is ... flat .
Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling
Ularning rejasi , bizning xonamiz , mening do'stim , uning mashinasi , mening kvartiram , sizning kitobingiz , bizning daftarimiz , ularning xonalari , uning ishi , sizning ishingiz.
Egalik olmoshining mustaqil shakli
mine - meniki ours - bizniki
his - uniki yours - sizniki
hers - uniki theirs - ularniki
its - uniki
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
1. Men kiyimlarimni o'zim yuvaman.
2. Talabalar savollarga o'zlari javob berishlari kerak .
3. Biz xonalarni o'zimiz yig'ishtramiz .
4. U doim taksiga o'zi haq to'laydi .
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LESSON 5
No'aniq olmoshlar - some , any , no
Some - bir necha , ba'zi ma'nolarni anglatib faqat bolishli darak gaplarda qo’llaniladi .
Masalan: I need some books - menga bir nechta kitob kerak .
Some people don't like rock music - Ba'zi kishilar rokni yoqtirishmaydi .
Some s'oroq gaplarda ishlatilganda yana bi'roz ma'nosini anglatadi .
Do you want some more tea ?
Siz yana choy ichasimi ?
Somebody - kimdir , something nimadir deb tarjima qilinadi .
Any asosan so'roq va bo'lishsiz gaplarda ishlatiladi .
Do you see any people in the street ? - Ko'chada birontasini ko'ryapsizmi ?
I don't want any help - Menga hech qanday yordam kerak emas .
Any bo'lishli darak gapda ishlatilganda har qanday ma'nosini anglatadi .
Any citizen of Uzbekistan has the right to education .
if bo'glovchidan keyin any ishlatiladi .
If you have any questions ask please .
Tarjima qiling .
1. There are some pictures on the wall . 2. There are some night houses . 3. At the entries you can see people . 4. They saw nobody there . 5. Do you know anybody who plays two or three misical instruments? 6. Did you go anywhere last evening ? 7. Did you see any new film last week ? 8. Somebody came into the room . 9. I see some nice flowers in the vase . 10. Some people don't know any foreign language.
Tarjima qiling
1. Men bu kompozitor haqida biroz ma'lumot olmoqchiman.
2. Siz maru'za uchun hohlagan mavzuingizda tanlashingiz mumkin.
3. Zal shunday qorong'i ediki , men do'stlarimdan hech qaysisini ko'ra olmadim .
4. O'zingiz sevgan aktyoringiz haqida biroz narsa gapirib bering .
5. Birontasi tarjima qilishda yordam berdimi ?
Nuqtalar o'rniga mos noaniq olmoshlarni qoying .
1. ... students study English in our group?
2. Do you see ... actor on the stage?
3. Have you got ... musical instruments at home?
4. The teacher was angry, because ... came to the lesson.
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LESSON 6
Many, much, few, little, a few, a little gumon olmoshlari.
Many, much – ko’p ma’nosini, few ,little kam ma’nosini, a few, a little – biror ma’nosini . Many , few, a few donolab so'naladigan otlar bilan kelib, ulardan keyin kelgan otlar ko’plik qo’shimchasini oladi. Much, little, a little olmoshlar bilan kelgan otlar birlikda bo’lib, donalab sanalmaydi masalan:
I have many friends.
I see few students in the class. A few flowers are in the vase. I have much time. There is little water in the glass . I have a little money to buy books.
I. Much yoki, many ni qo’ying.
1. Please don’t put … pepper on the meat.
2. I never eat … bread with soup.
3. She wrote … letters about the country.
4. There are … pictures in this room .
5. The students ask … questions.
II. Nuqtalar o’rnida few, little ni ishlating.
I have … time so I don’t go with you .
There is … ink in my pen.
Tom was a son of poor parents and had … clothes.
There is … soup in my plate.
There was … light in my room.
… people were in the streets in the evening.
… people know the authors biography.
They found … mushroom in the forest.
III. Tarjima qiling.
Biroz vaqt, kam vaqt, birnechta talabalar, kam talabalar, biroz musiqa, kam o’yinchoqlar, ko’p do’stlar, kam vaqt, biroz guruch, kam havo, kop o’rmonlar, birnechta odamlar, biroz ashula.
IV. Much, many, little, few, a few, a little, olmoshlarini nuqtalar o’rniga qo’ying.
He had … English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.
He gave her …water to wash.
I’d like to say … words about my skill.
There was … water in the river and they decided to cross it.
My mother knows German … and she will help you.
There are very … old houses in our street.
I think you can help me … time now.
Mother gave us … apples, we were glad.
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LESSON 7
Mos fe'l shaklini tanlang.
1. We (to learn) new words at the lesson.
2. He (to come) home late.
3. She (to choose) some book.
4. The academic year (to begin) in October.
5. The summer holidays (to sit down) and the teacher (to come) into the classroom.
6. The students (to sit down) and the teacher (to come) in the classroom.
Tarjima qiling
1. Mening do'stim yotoqxonada yashaydi .
2. Siz har kuni institutga borasiz.
3. U har doim kutubxonada kitoblar o'qiydi .
4. U tez-tez kitoblarni kutubxonadan olib turadi.
5. Biz musiqa asboblarini chalishini yoqtiramiz.
Berilgan qavs ichidagi ravishlarni o'z o'rnida ishlating va gaplarni tarjima qiling.
1. I look through the newspapers (sometimes).
2. He is free (always) at this time .
3. He is at home on Sunday (never).
4. I am busy on week-days (always) .
5. He comes (seldom) to his lesson.
6. I come to the office at 10 (usually)..
Savollarga javob bering .
1. Do you often drink coffee ?
2. Does he usually come to work very late?
3. Does it sometimes rain in autumn in Uzbekistan ?
4. Do you live in students' hostel?
5. Do you often go to see your friends ?
6. Do you like to listen to music ?
7. Where do you live ?
8. What do you do in the evening ?
9. How long do you prepare for your homework ?
10. When do you come to your office ?
11. What language do you study?
12. What subject do you like most of all?
13. Do you have many friends ?
14. Why do you learn English ?
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LESON 8
Hozirgi zamon davom f'eli - The present progressive tense
Bu zamon shu daqiqada bo'layotgan ishharakatini anglatadi . Now , at the moment ravishlarini ishlatish mumkin . Hozirgi zamon davom fe’li to be va asosiy fe'lning sifatdosh shakli yordamida yasaladi
Bo'lishli shakli
I am working We are working
He is working You are working
She is working They are working
It is working
So'roq shakli
Am I working ?
Is he working ? Are we working ?
Is she working ? Are you working ?
Is it working ? Are they working ?
Bo'lishsiz shakli
I am not working We are not working
He is not working You are not working
She is not working They are not working
It is not working
Gaplarning so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring :
1. They are playing tennis .
2. The engineer is working .
3. I am writing a letter to my friend.
4. My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen .
5. My father is watching TV in the sitting room .
6. We are having dinner in the canteen.
7. The students are looking through the newspapers in the reading room.
8. Dilora is dancing on the stage.
9. The students are reading and translating texts at the lesson now .
10 . The teacher is telling us interesting story .
Mos fe’l shaklini tanlang :
1. She (to stay) at the institute after classes.
2. She (to write) the translation in her note-book now.
3. He (to work) at the factory at present.
4. She (to do) all the exercises now .
5. Every year my brothers (to leave for) London.
6. They (to sleep) at the moment .
7. What are you(to do) now ?
8. My brother (to sit) in the sitting room and (to listen to) the radio .
9. All the students (to take) exams now .
10. We (to write) a composition at the moment .
Tarjima qiling :
1. Ular hozir uxlashmoqda .
2. Oqituvchi talabalarga qoidani tushuntiryapti .
3. Bolalar stadionda futbol o’ynashyapti .
4. Talabalar savollarga javob berishyapti.
5. Nega kulayapsiz?
6. Qaerga ketayapsiz?
7. Nima qilayapsiz?
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LESSON 9To be going to
To be going to - uzbek tiliga -moqchi deb tarjima qilinib , ish - harakatning kelasi zamonda sodir etilishini anglatadi
He is going to be a doctor . U shifokor bolmoqchi .
To be going to kelasi zamonda ishlatiluvchi ravishlar bilan keladi .
I am going to buy a new coat next week .- Men kelasi hafta yangi palto sotib olmoqchiman.
To go , to come fe’llari bilan bu obarot ishlatilmaydi . Uning o'rnida hozirgi zamon davom fe’li ishlatiladi.
Ex: We are going to the theatre tonight .
When is he coming ?
Gaplarni o'qib , to be going to oborotini ishlatilishiga e'tibor bering .
1. I am not going to speak to him tomorrow .
2. He is going to become a student next year .
3. We are going to help you .
4. She is not going to be upset.
5. They are going to speak English at their lessons .
6. We are going to stadium to watch the game .
Berilgan namunaga qarab so'zlardan gaplar tuzing .
I am going to be a teacher .
to become , a student , to enter the institute , to do my homework , to take a course of English , to have lunch now ,
to stay there late , to take a short rest , to work at the library , to see this film , to attend this lecture .
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
The people are staying at the hotel , some people are sitting and eating ices, others are reading newspapers , or drinking cups of tea or coffee and looking at the boys and girls on the sands . It is a fine day and the sun is shining . The dog is sleeping under the table , the waiters are smoking cigarettes . They are not drinking tea or coffee.
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LESSON 10
O'tgan noaniq zamon - The Past Indefinite Tense.
Fe’llarning 2 turi mavjud : to’g’ri va noto’g’ri.
To’g’ri fe’llarning o'tgan zamoni fe’l negiziga -ed yoki -d qoshimchasini qoshish bilan yasaladi . Noto'g'ri fe’llar esa fe’l negizidagi unli yoki undoshning o’zgarishi yoki so’zning butunlay o’zgarib ketshi bilan yasaladi.
Masalan: To swim - swam - swum
to spend - spent - spent
Ba’zi fe’l shakllari mutlaqo ozgarmaydi :
Masalan: put-put-put cut-cut-cut
Shu sababli noto’g'ri fe’llarning shakllarini yod olish shart . Bu zamonning so'roq shaklni to do ning o'tgan zamon shakli did bolishsiz shakli esa did not bilan hosil qilinadi , asosiy fe’l infinitiv shaklida bo'ladi .
Otlarning ko'pligi otlarga -s qo'shimchasini qo'shish bilan yasaladi. Bu qo'shimcha jarangsiz undoshdan keyin kelsa [s] jarangli undosh yoki unlidan keyin
kelsa ,[z] deb o'qiladi:
a book -books
a pen -pens
aboy –boys
Ba'zi otlarning ko'plik soni o'zakdagi unlining yoki ba'zan undoshning o'zaklari
bilan yasaladi.
a man -men a shelf-shelves
a woman -women a leaf -leaves
a goose-geeze
a tooth -teeth
Ba'zi otlar faqat ko'plikda bo'ladi.
glasses
trousers
jeans
boots
shoes
pyjamas
Otlarni ko'plik shakilda yozing:
a table, a flat, a room , a desk,a man, a horse, a student, a pupil, a teacher, a worker, a nurse, a club, a girl,a boy, a flower, a window, a door, an artist, an actor , a street, a woman, a tooth, a box, a bag, a garden, a house, a monument.
Otlarning qaratqich kelishigi – Possessive case of nouns.
Ingliz tilida qaratqich kelishigidagi otning qo'shimchasi –s’ va –s dir . Birlikdagi otlar uchun –s’ ko'plik sondagi otlar uchun -s.
Sisters, mothers, friends .
Sisters', mothers', friends'.
Ot predlogi otdan oldin ishlatilib, o'zbek tilida qaratqich kelishigi qo'shimchasi, yoki-ning orqali tarjima qilinadi. the floor of the room the handle of the door brothers of my friend the play of the writer
Tarjima qiling:
the little of article, the page of the book, the work of this engineer, the centre of the city, the house of my friend, the faculty of the institute, the studentof our group, the participants of the contest, the colour of the sky.
Tarjima qiling:
Gul barglari, tog'ning balandligi, daraxtning barglari, uyning eshigi, xonaning devori, talabaning javobi, kitobning muqovasi, matnning nomi, ko'chaning nomi, fakultet dekani.
Mos o'zlik olmoshini tanlang:
We ------ found our money.
I ---- will complete the project.
Give ---- the time needed.
Their play ---- was quite good.
They will give it to him----.
II. Reflexive pronouns. In the following sentences, make the necessary correction.
Both James and themselves went to the beach.
Jack herself reads the speech .
Myself will unload the car.
They finished the painting theirselves.
He mowed the lawn hisself.
III. Mos kishilik olmoshlarini tanlang.
Both Peter and ( I, me) went to the movies.
They missed the train because of ( he, him)
( We, us) soldiers must be ready for combat at all times.
You and (T, me) have always understood each other.
I don't know if was ( she, her) who was in the theater yesterday.
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LESSON 14
Otlarning qaratqich kelishigi – Possessive case of nouns.
Ingliz tilida qaratqich kelishigidagi otning qo'shimchasi –s’ va –s dir . Birlikdagi otlar uchun –s’ ko'plik sondagi otlar uchun -s.
Sisters, mothers, friends .
Sisters', mothers', friends'. 10.1 am older than ( she , her)
My brother and ( I ,me) will paint the scenery for the play.
Paul questioned ( she, her) and (I, me) about the accident.
Both students , Mark and ( he, him) were suspended from school.
They told ( us, we) to clean the house.
Was it (they, them) who stopped by yesterday afternoon?
Sometimes ( we, us) voters feel powerless.
17.I believed time winner of the contest to be ( he, him).
Boys like (they, them) could never make the football team.
Can you believe (I, me ) doing that well.
Give (we, us) beginners a chance!
You expected the performer to be ( he , him).
Did you receive as much as ( me , I)?
It appears that John and (they, them) have celt the club..
Kerakli o’zgartirishlar kiritib xatolarni to’ldiring.
1. Either her mother or her father usually drive her to school on rainy days.
2. There is, if I calculated right, two hundred dollars left in my bank account.
Mary and the rest of her friends were for the test
Economics are a major taught in many colleges.
The first years of high school are the most difficult.
Aristotle's Poetics have always been read widely.
The noise from all those fans was distracting.
Neither the chorus nor the actors knows their parts.
9. Each of us are going away for the weekend.
Neither the grass nor flowers was growing well.
She had wore that dress before.
Tomorrow I find out the information you need.
13. There is no other means to meet tuition costs.
We had mistook them to be famous.
Tuesday I goes to my friends' house for dinner.
All the members, including John, wants again to be re-elected.
The boy turned around after she called him.
Lay down on the couch and relax.
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LESSON 15
Otlarning qaratqich kelishigi – Possessive case of nouns.
Ingliz tilida qaratqich kelishigidagi otning qo'shimchasi –s’ va –s dir . Birlikdagi otlar uchun –s’ ko'plik sondagi otlar uchun -s.
Sisters, mothers, friends .
Sisters', mothers', friends'.
George , along with the Greens, are vacationing in Vermont.
She sat the vase on the piano.
She sewn that dress during spring vacation.
Yesterday Melissa finds the book she had been looking for all week end.
Before they could get to the movies , the car broke.
She had laid down when the phone rang.
Michael's new short story like all of his stories are well written.
The hum of the insects distract me.
We rung the bell several times but no one answered.
Last Monday he picks out the costumes for the production.
Next year we go away for the summer.
At front of the auditorium sit two distinguished professors.
The book is laying on the table.
Before aunt Mary arrived I dressed the baby.
Next month 1 graduate from high school.
If we had knew you were coming we would have prepared a special dinner.
Every one of you understand the material.
Ravishlarni qo'yib o'qing.
I go to the pictures (often).
I have seen an elephant (never).
She is a good student(always).
My mother goes for a walk on Sundays(often).
The trams are full in this town (usually) .
They have heard of it (never).
The student on my left makes mistakes (always).
Nuqtalar o'rniga mos egalik olmoshlarini qo'ying
That does not look like... book, it must be ..
Tell him not to forget... ticket, she mustn't forget... either.
It was very good chocolate , but I've eaten all... ; can you give me a little piece of ?
I see that he has lost... pencil, perhaps you can lend him...
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LESSON 16
DOING EXERCISES.
Mos so'zni tanlang .
(We, us) all went with (themselves, them).
They knew all about my friend and (I, me).
Mary and (he, him, himself).
I came here with Peter and (her, she).
He told Mary and (me, my) and his mother.
An old man asked my friend and (T, me) what the time was.
Go and see (him, he) and his friend.
There are some letters for (me, I).
Go with John and (her, she) to visit (them , they).
O'tgan zamonga aylantiring .
You needn't spend it all.
She won't have to come again.
I needn't do my homework again.
My sister doesn't need to get up so early.
The children won't need to get up so early.
They haven't got to go back alone , have they?
She needn't cook them all.
They must pay twice, but we shan't have to.
Inkor gapga aylantiring .
1. You must answer in English.
2. He will have to give it back to me before Christmas.
They must brush their own shoes.
They have to brush their own shoes every day.
You'll have to buy us some more.
6. You must ring him up before tomorrow.
7. She'll have to carry both of them.
8. We must change our chothes for dinner.
Gaplarni majhul nisbatga aylantiring.
People always admire this picture.
He hurt his leg in an accident.
No one has opened this box for the last hundred year ago.
People formerly used the Tower of London as a prison.
They fought a big battle here two hundred years ago.
People will forget to the play in a few years' time.
Somebody built this bridge last year.
No one has ever beaten my brother at tennis.
People speak English all over the world. lO. Did anyone ask any questions about me?
11 .You must write the answers on one side of the paper only.
12. People mustn't take these books away.
13. They punished me for something 1 didn't do.
14. 0ne praises a pupil when he works hard.
Nobody heard a sound.
Somebody can easily mend this door.
The author will write the book in June. 18. They gave my little sister a ticket too.
Modal fe'llarga e'tibor berib dialogni tarjima qiling.
Mary: Hello Peter. Are you coming to the cinema today?
Peter: No, 1 can't. I really must get some work done.
Mary: That's a pity. Need you do it tonight?
Peter: I'm afraid I must. My father says I've got to start working harder. Othewise ,
I'll have to leave school.
Mary: How much have you got to do tonight?
Peter: Well, T must read at least two chapters of our history book, and then I must
finish the essay.
Mary: Haven't you done that yet? We've got to h;md it in tomorrow, you know.
Peter: Of course I know . Look, must you really go to the cinema? Couldn't you
stay and help me?
Mary: Well, I can if you like, but we'll all have to take the examination next term,You'll have to learn to work for yourself sooner or later.
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LESSON 17
So'roq gaplarning turlari-Types of Guestions .
I. Umumiy so'roq gaplar.
Umumiy so'roq gaplarn "ha" yoki "yo'q" javobini talab etib agar gapda modal yoki "to be" fe'lining shakllari bo'lsa ular oldinga chiqish bilan agar bu fe'llar gapda ishtirok etishmasa to do fe'lining shakllari zamonga qarab olinadi
Are you at home?
Yes , I am / No, I am not.
Can he speak English?
Yes, he can / No, he can not .
He lives in London.
Does he live in London ?
Yes , he does. No, he does not.
Gaplarni so'roq gapga aylantiring:
The table is at the window.
He is a musican.
She is an actress.
The students are in the reading hall.
He comes to the classes on time.
The name of this girl is Ann.
He can drive a car.
He must go.
He is able to tell the story.
He may be in the garden now.
The garden is in front of the house.
After classes the students go to the canteen.
Ann lives in the suburbs of Tashkent.
We can translate articles from newspaper.
II. Savollarga "ha"yoki "yo'q"javobini bering.
Can you play chess well?
Do you go to the classes every day?
Does he know English well?
Do you clean your rooms at home?
Must you go to the cinema every week?
Is she able to leave his town?
Are you at home now?
Is she a talented singer?
Does she perform roles well?
Do you understand me?
Javoblarga mos savollarni tuzing .
... ?- Yes, I can.
...?-No, he cannot.
...?- Yes he is.
...?-No, you needn't.
...?- No, it is not
...?-Yes, they arе.
...? -yes, we do.
,..?-No, they don't.
. ...?-Yes, he will.
..?-No, I shall not.
...?-Yes, I was.
...? -No, they were not.
IV Gaplarni so'roq gapga aylantirib "ha' va "yo'q" javoblarini bering.
I read very interesting.
They can repair your watch.
He is a student of the second course.
He can wait you for an hour.
He must attend the classes.
You must do your homework in time,
Every morning they come to their office at 8.
He is looking through the newspaper.
The doctor examines patients.
He will be there next day.
We are having our dinner at home.
He can compose many interesting songs.
Henry has two sisters and a brother
They usually have dinner at home.
We have got two white cars at home.
The students have got many questions.
Tt is very stuffy here . You may open the window.
The weather is bad . The sky is cloudy. It looks like raining.
It often snows in winter in the mountains. 20. I shall be very glad if you come to the party.
The students are able to answer all questions in literature.
Children can watch TV only after classes.
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LESSON 18
Tanlov so'roq gaplar.
Is she a dancer or a singer? He is a singer.
Do you study English or French? We study English?
Can you play tennis or pupils? We are students.
Was it hot or warm yesterday? It was warm yesterday.
I.Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
1 Is it summer or winter now?
2. Do you study at the Institute or at the university?
3. Is it a feature or documentary film?
4. Do you often go to the theare?
5. Is your family large or small?
6. Is the sky blue or yellow?
7. Are these green or white?
8. Are these windows wide or narrow?
9. Is it a cell or a violin?
10 .Do you like Pop or rock music?
11. Are his eyes blue or black? 12. Is his father doctor or worker?
I.Namunadan foydalanib , tanlov savolini bering.
This is a picture(a map).
This is a window (a door).
He is a worker(a teacher).
It is a play (a cartoon).
We learn English (German).
They have many tulips (roses)in their garden.
There were many books on the shelves(on the desk).
There is much (little) furniture in their flat.
We have (8) lectures a day. 10. He can dance (sing) well.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1.Siz ba'diiy yoki hujjatli filmlarni yoqtirasizmi?
2.Dam olish kunlari u uyda qolishni yoqtiradimi yoki kinoga borishnimi?
3.Quyosh ertalab chiqadimi yoki kechqurun?
4.Yer dumaloq yoki kvadrat shakldami?
I.Namunaga qarab savollar tuzing:
EX: I go to the pictures/ to a dance .
Do you like to go to the pictures or to listen light music?
1 To speak English/ to speak Spanish.
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LESSON 19
Maxsus so'roq gaplar - Special questions
Bu so'roq gaplar maxsus so'roq so'zlari yordamida yasaladi. Egaga savol berilganda , qisqa javob beriladi.
Who is there? -I am. who knows English? - He does.
Maxsus so'roq gapning har bir bo'lagiga beriladi va quyidagi so'roq so'zlar ishtirok etadi.
Who (kim), What(nima), Where(qaerda), When(qachon), Whose(kimning), Whom (kimni, kimga),
Which(qaysi). How(qanday), How long(qancha),How many(nechta),What colour(qanday rang), Why(nima uchun),
Bu so'roq gap ham, boshqa so'roq gaplar have, to be va modal fe'llar gapda ishtirok etsa ularni so'roq so'zlaridan keyin qo'yish bilan qolgan hollarda to do fe'lini zamoniga qarab olinadi.
Ex: Whose car is it? It is my car.
When do you come to the Institute? I come to the Institute on Monday .
Where did he go yesterday? I went to home .
When will the lessons begin? Our lessons will begin soon.
How many friends do you have at the Institute — I have a lot of friends.
Why do you wear dark clothes ? I like dark color .
Namunaga qarab gap bo'laklariga mos savollar qo'ying.
Ex: In spring we plant 10 trees in our garden.
Who plants trees in spring?
What do you do in spring?
when do you plant trees in your garden?
How many trees do you plant in spring?
Where do you plant trees in spring?
We study many subjects at the Institute.
They wear warm clothes in winter.
Jack lives near his college.
He often meet friends in the street at 8.
My mother cooks supper for us in the evening.
We have dinner at the Institute dining-room.
Many peple like autumn in Uzbekistan.
We often play football in the street after our lessons.
Popov invented radio in the last century.
We often see new films by TV at home. II .Ajratib ko'rsatilgan so'zlarga savol bering. 1. I work at the office.
2.We ussualy have our English in the evening.
3.She plays the piano well.
4.They often speak English in class.
5.We write a lot of sentences to the blackboard.
6.After my English 1 go to the office.
7. We read , write and speak at the lesson.
8.0ur teacher always speaks English in class.
9. When it is cold I stay at home
10.His eyes are blue.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
Ismingiz nima?
Kasbingiz nima?
Siz kimsiz?
Qaerda yashaysiz?
Ertalab qaerga borasiz?
Sizning davlatingizda bayroq qanday rangda? 7. Nima uchun kech uyquga yotasiz?
8. Institutga borishingizga qancha vaqt ketadi ?
9. Kimning mashinasi oq rangda?
10. Sizda nechta kitob bor?
Ofisda kimlarni uchratasiz?
Qaysi tilni Institutda o'rganasiz?
U qaerda o'qiydi?
Uning ota- onasi kim?
Ularning kasblari nima?
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LESSON 20
Tasdiqlovchi so'roq gaplar-"Tag"questions.
Tasdiqlovchi so'roq gaplarda gapning birinchi qismi darak gap shaklida bo'ladi. Gapning birinchi yoki ikkinchi qismida not inkor yuklamasi ishlatiladi.O'zbek tilida "Shundaymi", "Shunday emasmi"deb tarjima qilinadi.
Savolga qisqa javob beriladi "ha"yoki "yo'q"
Ex: You study English , don't you?
You dont know French , do you?
You can not sing a song, can you?
The earth is oval, is not it?
I.Gaplarni tarjima qilib savollarga mos javoblar bering
You don't like to walk in the rain , do you?
You like to learn languages, do you?
It is fine weather today , isn't it?
You aren't very tired ,are you?
You have got no time today , have you?
He doesn't come late, does he?
They went to the theatre yesterday , didn't they?
We couldn't translate the text, could we?
Every day you watch TV programmes , don't you?
10. There are many beauful flowers in your garden , aren't there?
II. Gaplarni yakunlang .
1. You are learning to put "tag" questions, ...?
2. You have worked hard today,...?
Betty doesn't really know Jack,...?
There isn't much time left, ...?
You don't have dinner at home, ...?
6. There are a lot of students in the reading room, ... ?
7. He likes to dance, ...?
8. They haven't seen a new film yet, ...?
9. Betty can speak Russian , ...?
10. She didn't do her hometask, ...?
Quyidagi javoblarga mos tasdiqlovchi savollar tuzing.
Namuna: You go for a work in the evening , don't you ?- No , I don't. I
never go for a walk in the evening.
No, not yet. I am going to see my friend tomorrow.
Yes , he does . Jack lives near his college.
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LESSON 21
Hozirgi noaniq zamon-Majhul nisbat
Present Indefinite Passive.
Fe'l majhul nisbatda bo'lganda ish-harakatning kim tomonidan bajarilganligini anglatadi yoki ish harakat noma'lum shaxslar tomonidan bajariladi. To be fe'lining hozirgi shakli, noto'g'ri fe'lning sifatdosh II shakli ishalatiladi.
Bo'lishli shakli
I am told I. We
He II. you are told.
She is told III. they
It
Bo'lishsiz shakli.
I. I am not told I. we
III. He II. you are not told.
She is not told III. they It
So'roq shakli
I. Am I told?
I. we
III. he
told ? II. Are
Is
O'tgan zamonda to be ning was, were, shakllari, kelasi zamonda esa shall be, will be shakllari ishlatiladi.
I. Gaplani tarjima qiling:
Houses are built very quickly now.
This work will be finished tomorrow.
The article was translated last week.
The rules will be revised at the next lesson.
The book was written in 1966.
The delegation was met at the station.
The letter will be posteain an hour.
The taxi was called fifteen minutes ago.
The lectures are attended by all of us.
10. He is always invited to many countries.
II. Mos zamonni qo'ying.
At the last competition the first prize (to win) your team.
Soon he (to sent) to the Sanatorium.
The music (to sent) from the next color.
Some advice (to give) to the patient by the doctor.
The students always (to examine) by the teachers.
The house (to build) many years ago.
The museum (to attend) by hundreds of people every day.
The animals (to feed) by the people.
The letter (to write) in ink.
Books (to sell) at the book store.
III. Fe'llarni majhul nisbatga aylantiring:
They sell milk in the shop.
We attend lectures at the Institute.
We send our daughter to rest in the south.
4.They asked me about my holidays.
She showed the way to the metro station .
You will discuss the film at the lesson.
The postman brings newspapers every morning .
They built a bridge over the river.
9 He translates articles from the newspapers every day.
10.I bought a loaf at the bakery.
IV.Gaplarni Ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
U bu mavzu haqida ko'p gapiradi.
Ular mendan unga yordam berishimni so'rashdi.
Menga tug'ilgan kunimda gul berishdi.
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LESSON 22
Kelasi zamon o'rnida hozirgi zomonning ishlatilishi.
Payt va shart ergash_gaplarda, ergash gap qismida hozirgi noaniq zamon ishlatiladi bosh gapning kesimi kelasi zamonda bo'ladi. If, when, while, by the time, as soon as, before , till, until bog'lovchilari bilan keladi.
Masalan:
I shall try to do this translation if you give me the book. We shall begin the discussion when you come.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling va fe'l shakllariga e'tibor bering.
If I find my plan , I shall show it to you.
If I am well tomorrow , I'll go to the museum.
If we have time , we'll go to the exhibition.
When the academic year begins , these students will live in the hostel.
If it does not rain tomorrow, we shall go to the country.
She will be great if you accept her invitation.
If you hurry up you'll catch the train.
We shall go to the club as soon as you come.
I'll leave the house before you come.
10. I'll lay the table while my mother cooks dinner.
Gaplarni davom ettiring.
If I finish my design in time, ...
When the meeting is over...
Mother will speak to you tomorrow if...
He will listen to the radio when ...
We'll leave when ...
My friend stay at the Institute after classes if...
If it is warm tomorrow ...
You will enjoy the examination if...
III.Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
Agar band bo'lmasam tarjimani ertaga qilaman.
O'quv yili tugagandan keyin u uyga ketadi.
Dars tiigaganda biz kutubxonaga boramiz.
Agar ertaga band bo'lmasak teatrga boramiz.
Men o'zimni yaxshi his qilsam musobaqada qatnashaman.
Siz kelgan zahotingiz biz dars tayyorlashm boshlaymiz.
Ular kelguncha biz imtihonlarni topshiramiz.
Agar majlis bo'lsa darslardan keyin Institutda qolaman.
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LESSON 23
Modal fe'llar - Modal verbs.
Can modal fe'li ham jismoniy , ham aqliy jihatdan qo'lidan kelmoq , qila olmoq ma'nosini anglatadi. Can fe'lining o'tgan zamon shakli could.
Can kelasi zamonda ishlatilmaydi, unga ma'nodosh fe'l to be able to bo'lib , u uchta zamonda ishlatiladi. Can va could fe'li hamrna shaxslar uchun bir xil shaklga ega.
I can swim well.
He can sing classic songs.
They can lift the table.
They could help you yesterday.
To be able to fe'lining Hozirgi zamonda tuslanishi.
Bo'lishli shakli.
I. I am able to do it. I. We
III. He II. you are able to do it.
She is able to do it. III. they
It
So'roq shakli I. Am I able to do it? we
He are you able to do it?
III. Is she able to do it ? they
It
Bo'lishsiz shakli
I. I am not able to do it. I. we
III. He II.you are not able
She is not able to do it. III. they to do it.
It
To able modal fe'lining o'tgan zamonda tuslanishi.
Bo'lishli shakli
I. I I. we
II. he was able to do it. Il.you were able to do it.
III. she III. they
It.
So'roq shakli
I we
Was he able to do it ? Were you were able to do She they it?
Bo'lishsiz shakli.
I.I I. we
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LESSON 24
Modal fe'llar - Modal verbs
III. he II. You were not able to
She was not able to do it. III.they do it.
It
To be able to fe'lining kelasi zamon shakli.
Bo'lishli shakli
I.I shall be able to do it I. we shall be able to do it
III. he II. You will be able to do
She will be able III. They it.
It to do it.
So'roq shakli
I. shall I be able to do it ? I. shall we able to do it?
He you
III. will she be able to do it? Will they be able to do
It it?
Bo'lishsiz shakli
I.I shall not able to do it.
he
III.she will not be able to do it.
it
I. We shall not be able to do it.
II. you
III.they will not able to do it.
Gaplarni o'qib tarjima qiling.
Anybody can" learn to cook.
Can we meet tomorrow morning?
Can you stay after classes tomorrow?
Can I have another cup of tea?
Could I ask you something if you are not too busy?
Ann can make her own clothes .
He can take pictures.
We can see two or three films a day.
They cannot live only on coffee. 10. I can walk all day and night.
Gaplarni so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring.
I am able te do this kind of work.
I am sure he will be able to speak English in a few months.
I am sure, I shall be able to translate an English film ifisee it before.
You will be to work if you sleep at night.
The cameraman was able start work.
We shall be able to save up enough money.
You are able to shoot the screen ?
I was able to finish the work.
"Ha" yoki "yo'q"javoblarini bering.
Can you paint ?
Can you go home now ?
Can you help me ?
Can you read English newspaper?
Can you play the piano?
Can he sing a song?
Can she perform a role.
Can you tell us about your work?
Nuqtalar o'rniga can yoki can't modal fe'lini qo'ying.
John ... speak English but he ... speak German.
Mr Dale ... cook but he ... cook well.
I ... come to see you but I ... come now . I am busy .
Mother ... help you but she ... do it now. She is busy.
He ... work in the evening but he ... work in the morning .
Ann ... paint well but she ... paint well .
The children... go for a walk but they ... go now. It is raining.
I ... translate the text without dictionary . There are too many new words in the text.
V.To be able to modal fe'lini o'tgan va kelasi zamonda qo'llang .
1. I am not able to go the institute now.(yesterda/, tomorrow).
He isn't able to wait for you today (last week, in a day).
We are not able to carry this case.(yesterday, tomorrow).
He is not able to come to see us (next week, last week).
Are you be able to send me a letter? (last month, in two days.). 6. I am not able to answer the questions tomorrow( last year, next year ).
VI.Gaplarni ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.
Men uni kuta olmayman .
Siz bu savolga javob bera olasizmi?
Kim bu tekstni ertaga tarjima qila ol di.
Biz ertaga uni ko'rgani bora olmayrr iz.
Siz bu kitobni kutubxonadan kecha olishingiz mumkin edi. ,
Ular sizga kecha yordam bera olardi!ar.
Siz o'tgan yili musobaqada qatnasha olardingiz.
Kecha siz uni stansiyada uchratishingiz mumkin edi.
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LESSON 25
May , might modal fe'li.
May modal fe'li ruxsat va taxminni bildiradi o'tgi n zamon shakli -might so'roq shakli may va might modal fe'llarini egadan oldir ga chiqishi bo'lishsi2 shakli esa, shu fe'llardan so'ng not inkor yuklamasini qo'yisf t ilan yasnladi.
You may go home.
May I go home?- Yes, you may.
It may rain today.
Gaplarni o'qing va tarjima qiling.
May I phone you today? Yes , of course you may,
Might it better to stop now?
He may not agree with your idea.
You know , I think it might rain.
Where is Elena ?- She might be in the reading hall . 6. I may fly to Tashkent next week.
Let's go and see her later . She may not be here now.
John may be in the garden.
II. May fe'lining o'rniga Can fe'lini qo'ying va orasidagi farqni ayting.
May we see the film in the cinema?
May I have ajook at these pictures?
May he try to play this week?
May I invite my friends to the concert?
May I take part in the discussion?
May I stop work a little earlies tonight?
III.Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1. U hozir band bo'lishi mumkin.
2. Bir oz kutaylik, hozir qo'ng'iroq qilishi mumkin
Balki u bu haqida bilar.
Kitobingizni olsam maylimi?
Bugun qor yog'ishi mumkin.
Hozir u uyda bo'lishi mumkin.
IV.Gaplarni so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklda yozing.
1. If you ask him he may help you.
It may be cold today.
You may go home right now.
It may be all right.
She may be at home in the evening.
If you don't put on warm clothes you may catch cold.
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LESSON 26
Must, to have to modal fe'llari
Bu fe'llar shart, majbul bo'lmoq , tog’ri kelmoq ma'nolarini anglatadi. Must fe'li faqat hozirgi zamonda ishlatiladi. Must fe'lining so'roq shakli must fe'lini egadan oldinga chiqarish , bo'lishsiz shakli esa need va not inkor yuklamasini qo'yish. bilan yasaladi.
I must be there at 5 o'clock.
Must he passthe exam now?
He needrft do it.
To have to must fe'lining ekvivalentligi bo'lib , so'roq va bo'lishsiz shakli to do yordamchi fe'li yordamida yasaladi.
You have to take an umbrella, because it is raining.
You don't have to take umbrella because it is not raining.
Do you have to take an umbrella?
Bu fe'lning o'tgan zamon shakli had to.
It was late i had to take a taxi.
It wasn't late I didn't have to take a taxi.
Did you have to take a taxi ?
Kelasi zamon shakli shall va will yordamida yasaladi.
If it rains you will have to take an umbrella.
I shall have to phone you tomorrow.
Will you have to leave for Samarkand next week?
We shall not have to book the tickets in advance because she got them yesterday.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
If you want to improve your English you must work hard.
You must attend all the lessons , otherwise you can't pass your exams.
You must do everything in time
The doctor says you must stay at home for a day or two.
Where is he? He must be working .
She doesn't come to the Institute. She must be ill.
He knows six languages he must be clever.
You needn't agree if you think I am wrong.
You needn't answer me now.
You needn't take my advice.
.
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LESSON 27
Should modal fe'li.
Bu modal fe'l kerak ma'nosini bildirib , ko'pincha maslahat ma'nosida ishlatiladi.
You should consult the doctor , if you feel bad. You Shouldn't stay in the cold.
Should I make a report ?
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
You have a temperature , you should better go home.
You should tell the truth.
It is cold out side , he should take his warm clothes. 4. Every age should have own artists.
5. You should give attention to this problem.
6. You should try to solve your problem yourself.
7. He shold develop his artistic devices .
Mos modal fe'llarni qo'ying.
(must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to).
You... not come to help me tomorrow , the work is done.
You ...not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You ... only rewrite the second part of it.
... you help me now?
... return the book to you on Friday?
We... hurry if we don't want to be late.
... you tell me the way to the Institute?
I am afraid , I... not do it alone.
... you leave the boy here for an hour.
It... be late I not phone him now.
... I open the window?
She is still in bed. She ... to come to the lessons.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling.
Biz uni kuta olmaymiz.
Siz bu savolga javob bera olasizmi?
Men bu matnni tarjima qila olmayman.
Sizdan so'rasam maylimi ?
U darsdan so'ng kutubxonada qolishiga tog'ri .
Siz doktorga ko'rinishingiz mumkin.
Issiqda quyoshda ko'p toblanmasangiz kerak.
Uyga ketishingiz mumkin.
Siz mega yordam bera olasizmi?
10. U sizga kitobini bera olmaydi.
Gaplarni yakunlang.
You are learning to put "tag" questions,...?
You have worked hard today,... ?
Betty doesn't really know Jack,...?
There isn't much time left,...?
You don't have dinner at home,...?
There are a lot of students in the reading room,...?
He likes to dance,...?
They haven't seen a new film yet,...?
Betty can speak Russian,...?
10. She didn't do her hometask,.,.?
Quyidagi javoblarga mos tasdiqlovchi savollar tuzing.
Namuna: You go for a work in the evening, don't you?- No, I don't I never go for a walk in the evening.
No, not yet. I am going to see my friend tomorrow.
Yes, he does. Jack lives near his college.
Yes,they do . Jack and Betty attend the same class.
Yes, I have . I have already seen the film.
No, I don't. I don't like it all.
Yes, I have. I have just seen her.
No, I don't. 1 don't get up early now.
No,she doesn't she always comes in time.
10. No, I don't often go to the club.
IV. Namunadan foydalanib tasdiqlovchi savollar tuzing.
You want a cigarette. Perhaps Tom has got one . Ask him. Tom, you haven't got a cigarette, have you?
1. Jack is just going out. You want him to get some stamps, ask him. Jack, you...?
You are looking for Ann. Perhaps Tom knows where she is. Ask him . Tom, you...?
Ann has a car and you don't want to walk home. You want her to give a lift. Ask her. Ann...?
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LESSON 28
O’tgan zamon davom fe’li - The Past Progressive Tense .
Bu zamon ish - harakatning o'tgan zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda davom etganini bildirib, to be felining o'tgan zamon shakllari (was were)hamda asosiy fe’lga - ing qo'shimchasini qoshish bilan yasaladi .
Masalan: When he phoned , I was sleeping - U telefon qilganida men uxlayotgan edim.
I was working We were working
He was working You were working
She was working They were working
It was working
Soroq shakli to be fe'lini egadan oldinga chiqarish bilan yasaladi:
Was I working ? Were we working ?
Was he working ? Were you working ?
Was she working ? Were they working ?
Was it working ?
Bolishsiz shakli to be dan so’ng not inkor yuklanmasini qo'shib yasaladi :
I was not working We were not working
He was not working You were not working
It was not working They were not working
She was not working
Mos fe’l shaklini qollang.
1. He (read) a book when I (see) him .
2. We (sing) a song when she (enter) the room .
3. When the phone bell (ring) I (work) in the garden .
4. I (see) some beautiful dresses in the shop window .
5. When we (write) a composition somebody (come into) the classroom.
6. We (listen) to the latest news at 6 p.m.
7. They (have) English at this time last Monday .
8. What you ( do ) at 8 yesterday ?
9. He (watch) TV when you (visit) him.
10. She (sleep) when her friend (come) to see her.
Gaplarni so’roq va bo’lishsiz shaklga aylantiring.
1. It was getting dark and the large bright moon appeared in the sky.
2. It was raining the whole day yesterday .
3. We were sitting and talking in my study for a long time.
4. We were having dinner when my brother came.
5. We were reading a newspaper while Ann was prepearing her lessons.
6. It was snowing when you went out of the house .
7. We were working from 3 till 5 o'clock yesterday.
8. We were bathing in the river when the rain began.
9. The two people were arguing one day about the sun and the moon.
10. When I met him he was speaking to the teacher .
Tarjima qiling :
1. Biz kelganimizda u uxloyotgan edi.
2. O’qituvchi xonaga kirganida talabalar o'z darsida o'tirgan edilar.
3. U tarjima qilayotganida kop yangi so'zlarga duch keldi .
4. Men uni ko'rgani kelganimda u pianino chalayotgan edi.
5. Men qo'ng'iroq qilganimda u kitob o’qiyotgan edi .
6. Men studiyaga kirganimda do’stim yangi rasm ustida ishlayotgan edi .
7. U sahnada derijorlik qilayotgan edi .
8. Radioda mashxur xonanda ashula aytayotgan edi .
9. Biz teatrga ketayotganimizda yomg'ir yog'a boshladi.
10. Biz yotoqxonaga kelsak , talabalalar tugilgan kunni nishonlashayotgan edi.
The Present Indefinite yoki The Present Continiousni ishlating.
1. I (to read) a very interesting book now .
2. Usually my friend (to read) a lot .
3. He (to swim) very fast .
4. Look somebody (to swim) over there .
5. He always (to do) morning exercises .
6. He seldom (to cook) dinner at home.
7. I suppose they (to take a walk) in the park.
8. Our teacher (to speak) two foreign languages .
9. Sometimes my father (to deliver) lectures at the University .
10. My mother (to lay a table) for the guests now.
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LESSON 29
Hozirgi tugallangan zamon . The Present Perfect Tense .
The Present perfect tense ish harakatning ma’lum bir vaqtgacha hozirgi zamonda tuganlanganligini anglatadi .
Bu zamon to have fe’li va fe’lning sifatdosh II shakli bilan yasaladi (have + participle II) already , just, never , ever, yet ravishlari ishlatiladi .
I have just seen a new film .
He has just seen a new film .
She has just seen a new film .
It has just seen a new film .
We have just seen a new film .
You have just seen a new film .
They have just seen a new film .
So’roq shakli
Have I just seen a new film ?
Has he just seen a new film ?
Has she just seen a new film ?
Has it just seen a new film ?
Have we just seen a new film ?
Have you just seen a new film ?
Have they just seen a new film ?
Bo’lishsiz shakli
I haven’t yet seen a new film
He has not yet seen a new film
she has not yet seen a new film
It has not yet seen a new film
we have not yet seen a new film
she have not yet seen a new film
It has not yet seen a new film
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LESSON 30
Sifat darajalari - Comperative degrees of Adjectives
Sifatning asosiy darajasi bir bo’g’inli sifatlarga -er
ortirma darajasi esa the , - est qoshish bilan yasaladi
big - bigger - the biggest
large - larger - the largest
Ikki yoki undan ortiq bo'g’inli sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi sifatidan oldin more, orttirma daraja esa the most so'zlarini qo’shilishi bilan hosil qilinadi.
important - more important - the most important
comfortable - more comfortable - the most comfortable
Ba’zi sifatlarning qiyosiy va orttirma darajasi o’zgacha yasaladi.Ularni yod olish kerak .
good - better - the best
bad - worse - the worst
little - less - the least
many - more - the most
far - farther - the farthest
Sifatlarning qiyosiy va orttirma darajalarini bering.
hot , long , short , wide, deep , warm , large , small , big, fat,
Qavs ichidagi sifatlarning mos darajasini yozing :
1. This man is (tall) than that one.
2. Asia is(large) than Australia .
3. Mary is a (good) student than I.
4. This garden is the (nice) in our town.
5. She speaks Italian ( good ) than English.
6. The Thames is (short) than the Volga .
7. This book is (interesting) of all I have read this year.
8. A bus is (fast) than a tram.
9. Take some of these sweet : they are very (nice) .
10. They are very (nice) than sweet in the box .
11. January is the (cold) month of the year .
12. My sister is the (tall) her class .
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LESSON 31
Ko'chirma va o'zlashtirma gap - Direct and indirect speech
Ko'chirma gap o'zlashtirma gapda aylantirilganda, gapning tuzilishi quyidagicha o'zgaradi:
I. Kishilik va egalik olmoshlari gapning ma 'nosiga qarab, shaxslarda o'zgaradi. Bosh gapning kesimi hozirgi zamonda bo'lsa, ergash gapning kesimi zamonninio'zgartirrnaydi.
Masalan:
He says, "I want to go home ". He says that he wants to go home.
She says, "I'll be a doctor". She says that she will be a doctor.
II .Agar bosh gapning kesimi o'tgan zamonda bo'lsa, ergash gapning kesimi o'tgan zamonlardan biriga bo'lib, bir zamon orqada beriladi.
Masalan:
They said, " We shall come soon ".
They said that they would come soon.
He said, "I wrote a letter to my friend".
He said that he had written a letter to his friend.
I said, "I am a doctor ".
I said that I was a doctor.
Agar bosh gapning kesimi o'tgan zamonda bo'lsa. Ko'chirma gapdagi payt holi va ko'rsatish olmoshlari quyidagi o'zgaradi. Masalan:
now — then
today - that day
here - there
this - that
these - those
ago - before
yesterday - the day before
tomorrow - next day She said, "I am busy now ". She said that she was busy then.
III . Umumiy so'roq gaplar o'zlashtirilganda if yoki whether bo'glovchilariyordamida so'roq ma 'nosi ifodalanadi:
He asks me, "Are you busy? ".
He asks me if I am busy. I asked her, "Will you help me? ". I asked her if she would help me.
IV. Ko'chirma gapda maxsus so'roq gap bo'lsa, undagi so'roq so'zlar o'zlashtirma gapda saqlanib qolinib, so'roq so'zidan keyin gap darak gap shaklida bo'ladi. Masalan:
She asked me, "When will you be at home? ".
She asked me when I should be at home.
I asked him, " Where are you going? "
I asked him where he was going.
V. Ko'chirma gapdagi buyruq, iltimos yoki taqiqlash ma 'nosidagi fe '1 o'zlashtirilganda. O'zlashtirma gapda fe '1 infinitiv shaklida bo'ladi:
She said to me, "Don't smoke!" She asked me not to smoke.
4. Jack said: "I shall always wash in cold water".
5. Ann asked: "Has Kate fallen ill?"
6. Ann asked: "Is Kate afraid to see the doctor?"
7. Ann asked: "When did Kate take her temperature?"
8. Ann asked: "When did she catch cold?"
9. Helen says to Dick: "It is raining heavily".
10. Helen says to Dick: "I like such weather".
11. Helen says to Dick: "I have forgotten my umbrella".
12. Helen says to Dick: "I shall go to the library".
B. 1. Ann said, "I am very fond of the cinema".
2. Ann said, "I usually take tickets for the 6 o'clock show".
3. Ann said, "I like to sit in the 8th row".
C. 1 . Mabel said, "I went skiing yeaterday"
2. Mabel said, "I saw many skiers in the forest"
3. Mabel said, "I watched the sky-jumpers trains before the race"
4. Mabel said, "I covered about 20 km that day"
D. 1. Ann said to Tom, "I shall go to the country tomorrow"
2. Ann said to Tom, "I shall see green grass and beautiful old trees there"
3. Ann said to Tom, "I shall walk in the forest with my friends"
4. Ann said to Tom, "I shall help Janny in the vegetable-garden"
E. 1. She asked, "What film are you watching?"
2. She asks, "What do you do every morning?"
3. He asks, "How long does it take you to get home?"
4. Mother asks, "Why don't you do your homework in time?"
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LESSON 32
Gerundiy -The Gerund
Gerundiyda ot va fe'l xususiyatlari mujassamlashgan. Gerundiy to yuklamasiz -ing qo'shimchasini
olish bilan yasaladi: Masalan: building, reading, drawing, writing.
Indefinite va Perfect gerundiy mavjud.
Indefinite gerundiy fe'1-kesim bilan biz vaqtdagi ish-harakatni anglatadi.
She likes asking questions - Unga savol berish yoqadi.
He is found of reading - U o'qishni yaxshi ko 'radi.
Gerundiy gapda:
l)Ega bo'lib:
Drawing is his hobby - Rasm chizish uning sevimli mashg'uloti. Swimming is useful - Suzish foydali.
2) Fe '1 bo'ladi:
My favourite occupation is reading books. Mening sevimli mashg'ulotim kitob o'qish.
3) To'ldiuvchi:
I don't like getting up early on Sundays. Men yakshanba kunlari barvaqt turishni yoqtirmayman.
4) Aniqlovchi:
He never missed an opportunity of listening to this singer. U hech bu xonandani tinglash imkoniyatini qo'ldan boy bermagan.
5)Hol:
The hall was used for dancing. Zaldan raqs uchun foydalanilgan.
In spite of being tired we continued our way. Charchashga qaramay biz yo'lda davom etdik. It is impossible to know English well without reading books in the original. Kitoblarni originalda o'qimay ingliz tilini yaxshi bilish mumkin emas.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1. I prefer going there by air.
2. Seeing is believing.
3. I remember having seen this film.
4. He likes listening to music.
5. Learning rules without examples is useless.
6. She doesn't like being asked about it.
7. He insisted on our changing the plan.
8. He failed keeping his promise.
9. He failed entering the institute.
After reading this book the students organized a discussion.
II.Gaplarni tarjma qiling:
1. Ular loyihani muhokama qilmay qabul qilishdi.
2. U meni ko'rmay o'tib ketdi.
3. Men ular bilan gaplashmay o'tib ketdim.
4. Cheksam qarshi emasmisiz?
5. Ularning ofisga kelishlariga qarshi emasmisiz?
6. Uning ma 'ruzasi tinglashga arziydi.
7. Derazani ochsam qarshi emasmisiz?
8. Hikoyani tinglab kulmasdan turolmadik.
Savollarga to'liq javob bering:
1. What do you usually do when prepearing your English homework?
2. What do you feel while listening to good music?
3. What do you say when inviting your friend to the cinema?
4. Do you like pictures painted by modern artists or by old masters?
5. What can you say about books written by Mark Twain?
6. What actor do we call the leading actor?
Tarjima qiling:
nima deyishini bilmay; singan stul; yozilgan xat; bo'yalgan devor; jo'natilgan xat; yozuvchi tomonidan yozilgan; uydan ketayotib; chet tili o'rganayotgan; yozayotgan; olayotgan; ko'rgan;berilgan.
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LESSON 33
Sifatdosh II - Participle II
Sifatdosh gapda hol, aniqlovchi, kesmning bir qismi bo'lib keladi.
1. Aniqlovchi vazifasida:
They saw a flying plane.Ular uchayotgan samolyotni ko'rdilar.
People coming to Samarkand visit different historical places.
Samarqandga keladiganlar turli tarixiy joylarni ziyorat qiladilar.
The broken vase is mine.
Singan vaza meniki.
2. Hoi vazifasida:
He spent whole day preparing for the exam.
U butun kunni imtihonga tayorlanishga sarfladi.
While translating the article we came across the many difficulties.
Maqolani tarjima qilayotib ko'p qiyinchiliklarga duch keldik.
When translated this article was sent to the editor ?
Maqola tarjima qilingandan so'ng redaksiya jo'natildi.
3. Kesmning bir qismi vazifasida:
I have seen this film - Men bu filmni ko'rdim. He is reading now - U hozir o'qiyapti.
Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
Having graduated from the institute my brother decided to work at a firm.
Having looked a lot of magazines he choose only one.
She left the room saying that she was in a hurry.
Having found out his telephone number, I decided to ring him up.
Having entering the room, he introduced himself to all those present.
Having finished the test, the students were allowed to leave the room.
Having spent a month in the country, she looked much better.
The man making a report is a good speaker.
Being a boy the artist was fond of painting his friends portraits.
It was being dark, we switched on the light.
My friends living far, I seldom see them.
Namunadan foydalanib gaplarni o'zgartiring:
Pete was reading a book. He felt tired. Reading a book Pete felt tired.
1. We stayed in Moscow. We visited opera , ballet and drama.
2. The man gave me the letter. He smiled.
3. Tom played the piano. He didn't hear anything.
4. Mary sang a song. She played the piano herself.
5. The painter showed the pictures. He explained us everything.
I bought the tickets. I thought the play was good .
Namunaga qarab, gaplarni o'zgartiring:
My brother translated an article.
The article was very interesting.
The article was translated by me .
The article was very interesting.
1. The man brought a telegram. The telegram was not for me.
2. Ann wrote a letter. The letter was important.
3. The cameraman shot a film. The film was a comedy.
4. The artist painted a still'life. The still'life was very beautiful.
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LESSON 34
Kelasi zamon davom fe 'li - Future Continuous Tense.
Bu zamon ish-harakatning kelasi zamonda ma 'lum bir vaqtda davom etishini anglatadi:
shall or will + be + V + ing Bo'lishli shakli.
I shall be sleeping at 6 tomorrow. So'roq shakli.
Shall I be sleeping at 6 tomorrow? Bo'lishsiz shakli. I shall not be sleeping at 6 tomorrow.
Gaplarni so'roq va bo'lishsiz shaklga aylantiring.
1. They shall be walking in the forest the whole day tomorrow.
2. The children will be bathing in the water the whole day.
3. I shall be working at the report from 3 till 5 o'clock tomorrow.
4. He will be painting and drawing while you are watching TV.
Tarjima qiling:
1. Tom will be taking part in sports events at this time tomorrow.
2. She will be flying to England this time next week.
3. He will be waiting for Mary at 6 p.m. tomorrow.
4. At this time tomorrow she will be watching a new comedy at the cinema.
5. They will be discussing a new model of the plane at the conference tomorrow.
6. He will be singing documents at 3p.m.
7. She will be having dinner with her friends at the restaurant at 2 tomorrow.
8. They will be returning home from office at 4p.m..
Kelasi zamon davom fe'lini qo'ying:
1. He (to write) his article the whole day tomorrow.
2. She (to wait) for you at his office at 2p.m. tomorrow.
3. They (to work) on the project at the laboratory the whole day next Sunday.
4. We (to discuss) the problem while you (to play) the piano.
5. It (to rain) when you go out of the house.
6. You (to sit) in your room at this time tomorrow.
Gaplarning ma 'nosiga qarab kelasi noaniq yoki kelasi zamon davom feliniqo'ying:
1. I (to stay) with my family over the week-end.
2. Tomorrow we (to walk) in the forest the whole day.
3. What you (to do) at the 12 o'clock on Monday?
4. Where (to go) to have dinner at two o'clock?
5. They will (to have) an English class from 10 till 12.
6. There (to be) a lot of people in the dining room during the dinner break.
7. The children (to play) while I go shopping.
8. The academic year (to be) over in a moment.
Gaplarni davom ettiring:
1. I shall be painting her portrait...
2. He will be making a report...
3. He will be listening to the radio ...
4. He will be doing her homework ..
5. We shall be working in the garden ...
6. The children will be sleeping ...
VI. Gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1. Ertaga shu paytda uxlayotgan bo'ladi.
2. Ertaga soat 3 da biz uyga ketayotgan bo'lamiz.
3. Ular soat ikkidan oltigacha repetisiya qilishayotgan bo'ladi.
4. Keyingi hafta shu paytda biz imtihon topshirayotgan bo'lamiz.
5. Do'stlarimiz ertaga kechqurun Londonga uchib ketayotgan bo'ladilar.
6. U kuni bilan imtihonlarga tayyorlanayotgan bo'ladi.
7. U shu vaqtda darsda o'tirgan bo'ladi.
8. Biz ertaga kuni bilan musiqa tinglaymiz.
Savollarga javob bering:
1. Where will you be going at 7 o'clock?
2. What will she be doing at 2 o'clock?
3. What will you be doing the whole day next Tuesday?
4. Why will you be sleeping at 8 o'clock tomorrow?
5. Why will he be preparing her lessons in the morning tomorrow?
6. Who will be walking in the park tomorrow?
7. What will she be looking for in the newspaper?
8. When will they be performing music tomorrow?
9. What flat will he be moving to the whole day tomorrow?
10. Why will he be having dinner with his friends at the cafe at 8 p.m ?
