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«Тренировочные упражнения для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку»
Тренировочные упражнения для подготовки к ЕГЭ. Чтение. Лексико-грамматические упражнения
Reading 1
1.Fauna.
2.Times Differ.
3.State Reserves.
4.The Book of Wonders.
5.Unique Flowers.
6.Elementary, Waters.
7.Animals.
8.The Hills.
A. Despite popular stereotypes, the Russians don't keep bears as pets. However, many of them keep cats, dogs and other animals. Cats are the most popular animals among Russians. The second most popular animal to keep at home is a dog. Some people adopt parrots or fish, others prefer rodents, reptiles and rabbits. There are also many farms in the territory of Russia where the farmers keep a lot of various species: cows, horses, sheep, pigs etc. In 2020, animal protection was constitutionalised. Moreover, cruelty against animals is also criminalised.
B. In Russia, there is a document that lists endangered species of animals, birds and plants. It's called the Red Book. This book was first published in 1978. Since then, it has been regularly updated. The content of the Red Book is studied a little in schools so that children know which plants, animals and birds are endangered, and help preserve the diversity of nature with all their might. For example, they would not tear bells and lilies of the valley into bouquets. The Red Book includes such plants as snowdrop, bellflower, feather grass and fine-leaved peony. The Red Book of Animals includes animals such as the arctic fox, striped hyena, saiga and killer whale.
C. Russian nature is varied and unique by its diversity. Here are some plants that grow exclusively in Russian territory. The first one is the flower of Magadania. It grows in Magadan Region and in Khabarovsk Territory. Its stems reach a height of up to 40 cm. The flowers are white, in multi-beam complex umbrellas. The second one is Muehlbergella which grows in some areas of Dagestan. It is named after the Swiss geologist and botanist Friedrich Mühlberg, a conservationist. The flowers are violet with yellow pestles. The last plant is called Redowskia. It can be found in Yakutia. Redowskia is in danger of extinction because it is being replaced by other plants. But the flower is grown in some botanical gardens.
D. Due to its large territory, Russia has 11 time zones. The boundaries of the time zones are drawn not strictly along the meridians but based on the territorial-administrative division, along the boundaries of the regions. A single time is valid within each zone. During the year, the hands of the clock are not shifted, so the time difference with many countries of the world in spring and autumn can change by one hour. The very first to celebrate New Year are the residents of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Kamchatka Territory, and the most recent are the residents of Kaliningrad.
E. Besides well-known mountain systems such as the Caucasus Mountains and the Urals, there are very special mountains in the Republic of Bashkortostan called the Shikhans. They are a group of single hills that used to be reefs of ancient oceans. The Shikhans are nearly 230 million years old. They consist of limestone which is used in the production of soda. That is why there are only three Shikhans left: one of them, Shakhtau, has been destroyed during soda production. The remaining three Shikhans, Yuraktau, Kushtau and Toratau, are considered sacred by the locals.
F. Russia is washed by the waters of 12 seas and one sea lake. The total area of the seawater area of Russia is the largest in the world and amounts to about 8.6 million square kilometres. Almost every Russian sea is under powerful anthropogenic impact. The negative consequences of this impact on marine ecosystems are most clearly manifested in the seas washing the shores of the European part of Russia, as well as in the coastal parts of the Sea of Japan. In the Arctic seas, the ecological situation remains generally relatively stable.
G. In our country, there are state reserves with an area of more than 10,000 square kilometres. In total, 105 state nature reserves, 52 national parks, 57 federal reserves, 17 natural monuments and 67 botanical gardens have been created in Russia. The most famous reserves are the Big Arctic Reserve, Wrangel Island, Putoransky Reserve and Kronotsky Reserve.
Have you ever thought that artists—even the greatest ones—were humans, first of all? On excursions to museums and art galleries, guides usually talk about specific masterpieces of a particular artist or sculptor but very rarely talk about A
Reading 2
1.The hunger for glory.
2.Worldwide fame.
3.Rather eccentric.
4.Ancient artefact.
5.Consciousness.
6.Special medications.
. Here we will tell you five non-trivial stories about famous painters and sculptors.
Suzanne Valadon, the first woman to be admitted to the French Union of Artists, was the illegitimate daughter of a laundress. She began a career as a circus acrobat but was forced to end her circus career due to an injury. She became a model and posed for many artists, studied their techniques, improved her art and became a famous French artist. Suzanne was a perfectionist. She could work on her paintings for thirteen years before showing them to the public. She was a A_______ woman. Contemporaries said that one day she appeared at an event with a bouquet of carrots. According to the artist herself, she kept a goat in her workshop, which she fed with her unsuccessful works, and she fed her cats with caviar on Thursdays.
Since childhood, Maria Bashkirtseva wanted to become a singer and had B______________
However, tuberculosis, which she had gotten at the age of 16, ruined her dreams of a singing career. So she decided to take up the visual arts. Although more than one hundred and forty works (paintings, prints, sketches, etc.) remained after her death, she gained C____________
due to her diaries. She began keeping diaries at the age of 12 and wrote in French. 105 notebooks of her diaries were published after her death at the age of 25.
It is no coincidence that Vincent Van Gogh's later works were painted in yellow tones. The artist actually saw the world in such shades. All because he was taking D_____________________
prescribed by his doctor because of the psychological health of Van Gogh. The medications influenced the artist's eyesight, and therefore the world around him was in yellow-green tones.
One of the greatest sculptors in history, Michelangelo did not start his career most honestly. When he was 21, he decided to pass off his sculpture as an E__________________________
and sell it at a higher price. He buried his work in the ground, so that it darkened and looked antique, then dug it up and sold it for a lot of money to a cardinal. However, soon the deception was revealed, but the cardinal liked the sculpture so much that he offered Michelangelo a job.
Use of English
19/ The Black-billed Capercaillie BE a bird listed in the Red Book as Probably Endangered.
20 Last time it SEE in September 2021 in Leningrad Region.
21 The main reason for its disappearance is hunting. The bird's meat and plumage are
VALUABLE items among hunters.
22 The spoon-billed sandpiper is one of RARE Russian birds.
23 It got its name because of the shape of a wide beak, which LOOK like a shovel.
24 The main place of IT population is Kamchatka. The spoon-billed sandpiper is a monogamous bird almost like a swan.
25 Each year they reunite with THEY mates during the breeding season.
26 RECENT, the problem of an accessible environment has begun to be addressed in Russia.
27 In the cities, more ramps have appeared, special EMPLOY work in the metro, whose tasks include helping people with limited mobility, citizens with vision problems, etc.
28 However, such progress is only in big cities. In the regions, this issue is even more acute, since the spaces of towns may not even be suitable for baby CARRY at all.
29 Nevertheless, in the cities, some of the measures taken have drawn strong CRITIC
from the citizens.
30 For example, it turned out that the entrances to the subway cars marked for ABLE
people are completely inconvenient because they do not have a ramp.
31 It turns out that there is a distance between the platform and the train that a person in a wheelchair can HARD overcome.
Ruth Ginsburg was born
32 ….. a Jewish family in New York. Her mother, who was deprived of the opportunity to receive higher education, since her parents decided to send Ruth's uncle to college, was engaged in her education. The mother took the girl to the library hoping that her daughter would become a good teacher.
33 But she never …… what the future held for her daughter.
34 Ruth Ginsburg's mum died the day before her high school ….Ruth went to a university and was one of the few law students. A month after graduation, she got married and moved with her husband to Oklahoma. There, Ruth got a job, but after the birth of her first child, she was demoted and her salary cut.
35 A few years after the birth of her daughter, she tried to get a job as a clerk in the …..
Court. At that time, Ruth already had three higher educations and excellent recommendations from teachers.
36 However, they denied her either openly saying that they did not take her because she did not fit on the ….. criteria, or hiding this motive.
37 She managed to get a job as a professor of law at the university, but she was paid less than men in the same position. She lived in Sweden for several years, studying the Swedish judicial system. In Sweden, she was even more inspired ….. the ideas of gender equality.
38 Returning to her homeland, she began to practice human rights. Most of her cases were related to issues of gender equality and women's rights. She achieved great success as a lawyer, won numerous cases and ….. the history of the women's movement in the United States.
In the 1980s, she became a judge of the Court of Appeals for her state and served in that position until her appointment to the US Supreme Court in 1993. Because Ruth Ginsburg has experienced the brunt of a woman's position in contemporary society, she had a tremendous impact on addressing women's rights issues.
32 1) into, 2) for, 3) as, 4) up.
33 1) figured out, 2) found out, 3) got up, 4) came with.
