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Грамматическое время – набор глагольных форм, показывающий хронологию действия, его взаимосвязь с моментом речи и другими действиями/состояниями. Английские времена разделяются по контексту на 3 (настоящее, прошлое, будущее) и по аспекту на 4 группы (простые, длительные, совершённые, совершённо-длительные). Поэтому в английском – от 12 времён (намного больше русских), чей действительный залог мы сейчас и изучим.
| | Present | Past | Future |
| Simple | He cooks dinner every Friday. I, you, we, they V
| He cooked yesterday. V-ed, V2
| He will cook tomorrow. will V
|
| every morning / day / etc., always, usually, frequently / often ,sometimes, seldom *в придаточных времени и условия I’ll go to the cinema if he invites me. | yesterday ,last year / month / etc ,one year / month ago, in 1987, с вопросительным словом “when” | tomorrow ,tonight ,next week / month / etc., soon, in the future, in a week, in a year *в придаточных дополнительных I don’t know when he will come. | |
| Continuous | H I am He, She, It is V-ing You, We, They are | He was cooking when the phone rang. I He, She It, V-ing You, We, They were
| He will be cooking when you come.
will be V-ing
|
| now, right now, at the moment, at this moment | while ,at that time, at that moment, at 5 o’clock yesterday * when + Past Simple | at 5 o’clock tomorrow, from 5 till 6 tomorrow * when + Present Simple | |
| Perfect | She has already cooked dinner. I She, He, It has V3
| He had cooked the dinner when the phone rang. had V3
| He will have cooked dinner by the time you come. will have V3
|
| ever ,never, just, already, yet, today, this week / year / etc | before ,already ,by the time ,after ,by | by the time, before, by 5 o’clock tomorrow | |
| Perfect Continuous | He has been cooking for over an hour. I She, He, It has been V-ing
| He had been cooking for a long time before he took lessons. had been V-ing
| He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. will have been V-ing
|
| for 5 years / a month / etc., for months / weeks / etc. how long, since when (в вопросах) | for one week / hour / etc., since, for a long time | by the time, for ten days / weeks / etc., by (for 7 hours when you come) |
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e is cooking now.
was
, You, We, They have
, You, We, They have
