Лексика по темам "Рождество" и "Новый год"
On Christmas Eve - в канун Рождества
Christmas card - рождественская открытка
Christmas pudding — рождественский пудинг (подробнее о пудинге читайте Нажатьздесь)
Christmas tree - рождественская елка
Fairy lights - гирлянда
Christmas decorations - елочные украшения / елочные игрушки
Tinsel - мишура
Mistletoe - омела (растение, которым принято украшать дом или квартиру в Рождество)
Santa Claus - Санта-Клаус [в России - Дед Мороз]
Christmas cracker - рождественская хлопушка
Christmas carol - рождественская песня
Festive shoppers - покупатели, приобретающие подарки к праздникам
Wrapping paper - обёрточная бумага / бумага для завёртывания подарков
Corporate Christmas party - рождественский корпоратив
Secret Santa - анонимный / секретный Санта (традиция дарить подарки). Коллеги по работе или друзья, собирающиеся совместно отметить праздник, кладут в шляпу свернутые листки с именами участников намечающейся вечеринки. Затем каждый тянет листок и узнает имя того, кому он будет покупать подарок. На вечеринке происходит анонимный обмен подарками по указанным на них именам получателей.
Boxing day - день рождественских подарков (26 декабря, выходной день во многих странах)
White Christmas - снежное Рождество
Festive period - период или время праздников
New Year's resolution - намерение заняться чем-нибудь полезным в Новом году (например, спортом); обещание, которое человек дает себе под Новый год
To give something up - бросить или отказаться от дурной привычки (например, от курения)
Поздравления и пожелания
В открытках, отправляемых по почте, и электронных сообщениях родным, близким, друзьям можно написать:
Merry Christmas! - Веселого Рождества! / С Рождеством!
Happy New Year! - Счастливого Нового года! / С Новым годом!
I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. - Желаю вам веселого Рождества и счастливого Нового года.
We wish you a peaceful Christmas and a wonderful New Year! - Мы желаем вам спокойного Рождества и замечательного Нового года!
May you all be healthy, happy and successful in 2013! - Здоровья, счастья и удачи всем вам в 2013 году!
Короткие поздравления
Merry Christmas! - Веселого Рождества! / С Рождеством!
Happy New Year! - Счастливого Нового года! / С Новым годом!
Seasons Greetings (на открытке) - C рождественскими и новогодними праздниками!
Более формальные поздравления:
Christmas in Great Britain
Christmas Day, December 25, is probably the most popular holiday in Great Britain. It is a family holiday. Traditionally all relatives and friends give each other presents. So, before Christmas all the department stores and shops are crowded, everybody is choosing a present.
In general, people get prepared for this holiday very carefully. They decorate their houses in the traditional way. Christmas trees are set up in houses, in the streets and churches. They are always decorated with fairy lights, angels and small toys. In addition, little packets with nuts, candies and special biscuits are hung on the tree. Presents are put around the tree and artificial «frost» is scattered over the branches.
The Germans are believed to be the first to use the Christmas tree in their celebrations and Martin Luther was the first to place a star on the top of the tree. This star represents the star appeared over the stable in which Christ was born.
In Great Britain, the Christmas tree became popular while Queen Victoria ruled the country.
Besides the Christmas tree, holly and mistletoe are used to decorate the house. Branches of holly are put up behind pictures and mistletoe is hung over doors, so the young people have a chance to kiss the girls under it, plucking each time a red berry from the mistletoe. It is said that the girl who was not kissed under it at Christmas would not get married that year.
On the eve of Christmas children hang their stockings, so that Santa Claus could put presents into them: oranges, sweets, nuts and if the child didn't behave properly Santa Claus can put there a piece of coal as punishment.
Santa Claus got his name from a man known as St. Nicolas, who lived in the fourth century. He gave his wealth to the poor and often to children. After he died, the Dutch brought this legend to colonial America. Soon the Dutch name Sinter Klaus became Santa Claus.
Carol singing is an essential part of Christmas. No church or school is without its carol service. Carols may be traditional or with some variations that express different feelings. Carols were used for the first time during Christmas in the fifteenth century.
Usually children come around in the evening to the front doors and start singing carols and people who live in these houses give children candies, nuts, pies and so on, to thank them for carol singing.
A typical Christmas lunch includes turkey with cranberry sauce and pudding. Every young woman in each household helps to stir the Christmas pudding, if she wishes to be married that year. Usually a coin or two are hidden inside the pudding and part of the fun is to see who finds it.
After the lunch they go to the sitting room to listen to the Christmas speech of the Queen, shown on TV.
So, Christmas is a merry family holiday for all the people of Great Britain. Christmas comes but once a year.
Vocabulary:
1. Is Christmas a popular holiday in Great Britain?
2. How do people get prepared for this holiday?
3. How is the Christmas tree decorated?
4. Who was the first to use the Christmas tree?
5. When did the Christmas tree become popular in Great Britain?
6. Who was the first to place a star on the top of the Christ¬mas tree?
7. What do children usually do on the eve of Christmas in Great Britain?
8. Where did Santa Claus get his name from?
9. What is the carol?
10. What does a typical Christmas lunch include?
Vocabulary:
relative — родственник; родственница
department store — универсальный магазин
to choose — выбирать, избирать
carefully — тщательно, аккуратно; внимательно; осто¬рожно
Christmas tree — рождественская елка
nut — орех
candy — леденец; амер. конфета; сладости
biscuit — сухое печенье
frost — мороз; иней
to scatter — разбрасывать, раскидывать; рассыпать; посыпать, усыпать
branch — ветка
Martin Luther — Мартин Лютер
stable — конюшня; устар. загон для скота, хлев, овчарня, коровник, свинарник
holly — бот. падуб
mistletoe — бот. омела (в Англии традиционное укра шение дома на Рождество)
to pluck — срывать, щипать, собирать
berry — ягода
eve — канун, преддверие
to behave — вести себя, поступать, держаться
punishment — кара, наказание
wealth — богатство
the Dutch — датчане
to bring (past brought, p.p. brought) — приносить, привозить; приводить; доставлять
carol — веселая песня; гимн (обыкн. рождественский)
pie — пирог; амер. торт, сладкий пирог
turkey — индюк; индейка (тж. кул.)
cranberry sauce — соус из клюквы
pudding — пудинг, запеканка
household — хозяйство; двор, дом
to stir — мешать, помешивать, размешивать; взбалтывать
coin — монета, мелкая монета
Christmas comes but once a year — посл. Рождество приходит только раз в году
Down:
1. an evergreen plant with red berries and prickly leaves used for Christmas decorations
2. an evergreen plant with green leaves and white berries under which people kiss at Christmas
3. the person with a white beard wearing a red coat, who brings presents at Christmas
4. a circular decoration that people hang on doors at Christmas
5. a piece of thick paper with a picture and a message on it
7. the word that originated from French and means "Christmas"
8. a traditional dessert which is made a few weeks before Christmas Day
9. the name of the deer who has a very shiny nose
10. the pole where Father Christmas lives
11. the season when people celebrate Christmas
13. it makes a sharp noise when it is pulled at the table at Christmas
14. the kind of transport Father Christmas uses
18. a religious song traditionally sung at Christmas
20. a bird traditionally roasted and served at Christmas dinner
21. a plant that grows up walls and is used for Christmas decorations
23. It is the day before Christmas Day
Across:
3. the part of clothing that children hang by the fireplace or their beds at Christmas
5. It is made of wax and burns to make light
6. a shiny metallic garland which decorates a Christmas tree
8. another word for gifts
9. the animals that pull Santa's vehicle across the sky
12. the name of the saint who is now called Santa Claus
15. the next day after Christmas Day, when people give presents to the poor
16. a celebration when guests are invited and people have a good time
17. a kind of tree traditionally decorated before Christmas
19. things used for decoration of a Christmas tree
21. the sound that bells make at Christmas
24. Santa's helper
25. ".Christmas!" - used for wishing someone a happy time at Christmas
