Обычаи и традиции англо-говорящих стран

Министерство общего и профессионального образования Ростовской области

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

«ТАГАНРОГСКИЙ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

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Методическая разработка

учебного пособия

по английскому языку

Тема: Обычаи и традиции англо-говорящих стран

для обучающихся 1 курса

Разработал: преподаватель

английского языка ГБПОУ РО МехК

Ороева И.Б

2019

Пояснительная записка

Методическая разработка учебного пособия по английскому языку «Обычаи и традиции англо-говорящих стран» подготовлена преподавателем Ороевой И.Б. на основе рабочих программ учебной дисциплины ОУДб.03 Иностранный язык (английский) для специальностей СПО 20.02.02 Защита в чрезвычайных ситуациях, 20.02.04 Пожарная безопасность, 10.02.03 Информационная безопасность автоматизированных систем, 09.02.01 Компьютерные системы и комплексы, разработанных на основе требований: Федераль­ного государственного образовательного стандарта среднего общего образования (далее – ФГОС СОО) (утвержден приказом Министерства образования и науки РФ от 17.05.2012 № 413); Рекомендаций по организации получения среднего общего образования в пределах освоения образовательных программ среднего профессионального образования на базе основного общего образования с учетом требований федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов и получаемой профессии или специальности среднего профессионального образования (письмо Департамента государственной политики в сфере подготовки рабочих кадров и ДПО Минобрнауки России от 17.03.2015 № 06-259); Примерной программы общеобразовательной дисциплины Английский язык, одобренной Научно-методическим советом Центра профессионального образования ФГАУ «ФИРО» и рекомендованной для реализации основной профессиональной образовательной программы СПО на базе основного общего образования с получением среднего общего образования (протокол № 3 от 21.07 2015), рабочих программ учебной дисциплины ОГСЭ.03 Иностранный язык (английский), разработанных на основе Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов по специальностям СПО 20.02.02 Защита в чрезвычайных ситуациях, 20.02.04 Пожарная безопасность, 10.02.03 Информационная безопасность автоматизированных систем, 09.02.01 Компьютерные системы и комплексы, и в соответствии с тематическим планом на 2018-2019 учебный год.

Пособие предназначено для использования обучающимися 1-2 курсов всех специальностей на учебных занятиях и для внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN

The national symbols of Great Britain.

1. Can you tell your groupmates about the British traditions? Read the text. Get ready to speak of the British ustoms and traditions.

British nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a secret that every nation has its own customs and traditions. In Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up.

The British Money.

The best examples are their queen, money system, their weights and measures.There are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for example, the Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned;

he wins a silver cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing is an event where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance with handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music sounds.

The Boat Race.

Another example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames, often on Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one with a team from Cambridge University hold a race.

The Grand National horse race.

British people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting horse race in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Sometimes it happens the same day as the Boat Race takes place, sometimes a week later. Amateur riders as well as professional jockeys can participate. It is a very famous event. There are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside, for example, May Day.

A May Queen.

It is the time of year when warmer weather begins and flowers and trees start to blossom. It is said to be a time of love and romance. It is the time when people celebrate the coming of summer with lots of different customs that are expressions of joy and hope after a long winter.

Morris dancing.

Traditional English May Day celebrations include Morris dancing, crowning a May Queen and dancing around a Maypole.

Dancing around a Maypole.

Halloween is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All Halloween's Eve, because it happens on October 31, the eve of all Saint's Day. The name was later shortened to Halloween. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on that day.

Halloween.

Another tradition is the holiday called Bonfire Night. On November 5, 1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament where the king James 1st was to open Parliament on that day. But Guy Fawkes was unable to realize his plan and was caught and later, hanged. The British still remember that Guy Fawkes' Night. It is another name for this holiday. This day one can see children with figures, made of sacks and straw and dressed in old clothes. On November 5th, children put their figures on the bonfire, burn them, and light their fireworks.

Bonfire Night.

In the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In London, many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year's Eve. There is singing and dancing at 12 o'clock on December 31st.

Christmas Bells.

A popular Scottish event is the Edinburgh Festival of music and drama, which takes place every year. A truly Welsh event is the Eisteddfod, a national festival of traditional poetry and music, with a competition for the best new poem in Welsh.

The Edinburgh Festival of Music and Drama.

If we look at English weights and measures, we can be convinced that the British are very conservative people. They do not use the internationally accepted measurements. They have conserved nine old measures.

For general use, the smallest weight is one ounce, then 16 ounce is equal to a pound. Fourteen pounds is one stone. The English always give people's weight in pounds and stones. Liquids they measure in pints, quarts and gallons. There are two pints in a quart and four quarts or eight pints are in one gallon. For length, they have inches, foot, yards and miles.

If we have always been used to the metric system therefore the English monetary system could be found rather difficult for us. They have a pound sterling, which is divided into twenty shillings, half-crown is cost two shillings and sixpence, shilling is worth twelve pennies and one penny could be changed by two halfpennies.

One Shilling Coins.

1. Try to write the calender of the most popular pubic, political, sports holidays in Great Britain. For example:

The calender of the British holidays

1. Chrstmas - the 25 - th of December.

2. New Year’s Day - the 31-st of January.

3. Saint Valentine’s Day - the 14 - th of February.

4. The Boat Race (Oxford - Cambridge) - the last Saturday of March.

5. April Fool’s Day - the 1-st ofApril.

1. Write the list of the British holidays, which are popular with young people in Russia. Get ready to tell your groupmates about one of the holidays.

2. Do you know the History of May Day in Great Britain? Read the text.

Render it into Russian.

The Celtic god of the Sun.

The old Celtic celebration of May Day was called Beltane, (or Beltaine in its most popular Anglicized form) the Celtic god of light or the sun. He, in turn, may be traced to the Middle Eastern god Baal. Other names for May Day include: Cetsamhain ('opposite Samhain') and Walpurgisnacht (in Germany). For the Celts, Beltane was a festival where fires were set to mark the beginning of summer: "They rolled wheels of fire down hillsides, lit bonfires, and drove their cattle through the flames in a ceremony of purification".

Some people believe that the celebrations on May Day began with Beltane and the tree worship of the Druids. Others believe they go back to the spring festivals of ancient Egypt and India. The people of ancient Rome honored Flora, the goddess of flowers and springtime, with a festival called Florialia. Later, festivals of this kind spread to other lands conquered by the Romans, and of course this included Britain.

Medieval May Day celebrations started on the night before the first of May, Beltane Eve. There would be a bonfire and dancing. At the break of dawn on May Day, it was traditional for the young men and women of a community to go into the woods or forest and gather flowers and branches to decorate their houses. They believed that the vegetation spirits would bring good fortune.

The men and women gathering flowers and branches.

Girls would make a special point of washing their faces in the dew of the early morning. They believed this made them very beautiful for the following year.

One popular Mayday custom was the making of a maypole. Early in the day people would go to the nearest woodland and cut down a young tree. The tree (usually a tall birch tree) would be stripped of its branches except at the top (where the leaves symbolized new life) and dragged or carried to an open space in the town square or village green. It was then decorated with garlands of flowers and ribbons.

Flowers and trees were a major feature of this festival. Men could deliver a tree decorated with streamers to the doorstep of a girl they liked. Long streamers were also attached to the village Maypole for dancing. Young men and women would wind the ribbons around each other as the dance progressed, in the hope of becoming entangled with their future love.

Morris Dancers

From left to right the dancers are: Piper, Hobby-Horse, Maid Marian,
Robin Hood, and the jester. Notice the bells worn by the dancers.

May Day was given over to various festivities. There was dancing on the village green. Morris dancing was a traditional English form of folk dance.

Archery contest on May Day.

On May Day young men of each village tried to win prizes in archery contest and exhibitions of strength. There was a tradition of 'lifting' where a gang of young men would lift a pretty girl in a flower bedecked chair on May day. Then the girl would choose a boy on May 2nd.

The highlight of the day was the crowning of the May Queen, the human replica of Flora. By tradition she took no part in the games or dancing, but sat like a queen in a flower-decked chair to watch her 'subjects'. The queen was chosen from all the eligible young women in the community. She was crowned with flowers and paraded around the village.

1. Read the text. Render it into Russian. Get ready to speak of the British customs and traditions.

Royal ceremony

Many European countries are rich in their traditions, but few where people unanimously so honored and respect their ancient rituals in the UK. Most of the best-known traditions of the United Kingdom, of course, connected with the monarch. Some ceremonies are held regularly and are available for public viewing. Join the special rituals, leading us through the centuries to the beginnings of British history, it can be anyone, for it is only necessary to be at the right time in the right place.

Perhaps the most spectacular and popular ceremony available to monitor everyone, is a changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace. This ceremony takes place every day in summer and every other day in winter. In the process of changing of the guard Two royal regiment involved and two orchestras. Regularly dozens of tourists from all over the world gather at the Victoria Memorial, that would witness this colorful tradition. Changing of the guard in its present form dates back to 1660, when by order of the reigning monarch of the British palaces of kings began to protect only the guards of the royal court. Buckingham Palace was the residence of the British monarch in 1837 when Queen Victoria. Special attention deserve the traditional high Guards hats fur grizzly bear. All the action takes less than 45 minutes and takes place to the sound of a military band playing in a different tune these days, right up to the music The Beatles. Another unique tradition is considered the annual opening of Parliament by the Queen passing in autumn. The ceremony is necessarily accompanied by the official presence of the Queen. And not so much interested in the ritual many ceremonial features. For example, the road from Buckingham Palace to Parliament, located in the Palace of Westminster, Elizabeth II and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh makes sure to state carriage. And in front of the royal couple in the building itself, traditionally guardians of the Palace of Westminster and thoroughly searched the cellars of the building. This operation produced purely for safety reasons, dates back to the XVII century, after an attempt to blow up the Palace of Westminster conspirators. At the opening of Parliament, Queen Elizabeth II wears a solemn ceremonial dress and wears the crown of the British Empire. This masterpiece of jewelry royal regalia, does not belong to the British monarch personally, but the whole state. A delightful piece of art, a wreath of velvet and ermine with a scattering of precious stones

The crown jewels are perfectly combined 5, 11 emeralds, 17 sapphires and countless diamonds. All gems are of historical importance, for example, sapphire in the top of the crown is known as the cross of St. sapphire. Edward and Ruby front cross crown - a ruby ​​of the Black Prince. The rim of the crown decorated with a sapphire themselves Stuarts

In the long tradition of royal regalia for the opening of Parliament transported to the Palace of Westminster in a separate carriage before the departure of Elizabeth's Buckingham Palace. Royal crown of Queen Elizabeth II wears just before the opening ceremony, it should be recognized that the crown of the British Empire too heavy to wear. Even during the coronation of the British monarch royal crown worn just before his departure from Westminster Abbey. Now the crown of the British Empire is the exposition of the royal treasury of the Tower, which is also linked to another popular among tourists tradition

The rite of closing the gates of the Tower has lasted more than 700 years in a row and is called the Ceremony of the Keys. Every day around 21.30 keeper of the keys of the Tower of London begin to close the British treasury. All the participants of the ceremony dressed in the form of the Tudor dynasty. After closing the main gate of the fortress of the Tower of London trumpeters trumpeting thunderously rebound and the ceremony ends. See this ritual can be by appointment only, since the number of participants is limited, and the meeting of the group of tourists takes place at the western gate of the Tower.

In the United Kingdom still hovers the spirit of earlier epochs, carefully stored and residents of British monarchs. Besides royal ceremonies and historical life of the average Briton is filled with traditions as well, including a special tea ceremony, festive signs and special ceremonies. Many of them have long gone beyond the UK and observed in many other countries

One of the most favorite holidays in the United Kingdom is Christmas. On this day at the festive table of British families are always present Christmas fare: turkey with cranberry sauce, Christmas and the traditional meat pie pudding.

By the way, the hostess, cooking Christmas pudding is traditionally added to a silver coin, promising unprecedented happiness guest who finds it in his portion. Houses are decorated with special wreaths of mistletoe Christmas trees and put under that on the morning of Santa Claus leaves the presents. Christmas Eve is accompanied by the singing of Christmas carols and special cards that many Englishmen like to do with their hands.
Christmas is not only holiday which is associated with many traditions, but generally recognized as the day they like to all residents of the United Kingdom. As the British have special signs for a wedding, birth of a child and other family celebrations.
Maintain customs and traditions is important for any people in any country, because it is a direct link with a long history.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. Read the text. Render it into Russian. Get ready to speak of the American customs and traditions.

Customs and Traditions of the USA.

Every nation has different customs and traditions, its own way of life.

In Europe there are people who have lived in the same house and been in the same job for 20, 30 or more years. That’s not the American way of life. The Americans love change, they call it the spirit of adventure, a spirit that they think is more characteristic of America than of Europe. They like to move away, to change houses and jobs.

While the Englishman thinks it is ill mannered to ask private questions, the American doesn’t feel that at all. He will tell you all about himself, his wife and family, and ask where you have come from, what your job is, how you like America and how long you are staying. The American prefers sociability. In his home he doesn’t object to being seen by everyone — he actually likes it.

With this sociability goes overwhelming hospitality. A national Thanksgiving Day is perhaps the only holiday spent by the Americans at home. Table decorations follow a traditional pattern — a harvest of Indian corn, apples, oranges, walnuts and grapes. Flowers also bring the fall scene indoors. The centrepiece is the traditional roast turkey.

Still another American tradition concerns Halloween. Its origin dates back hundreds of years to the Druid festival. The Druid New Year began on November 1, marking the beginning of winter and the reign of the Lord of Death. The custom of telling ghost stories on Halloween comes from the Druids. On this occasion children usually wear ghost costumes or false faces. They also carve out rounded eyes in pumpkins and put burning candles inside them to make them visible from far away.

In Texas, where the West begins, the biggest annual festival — the Fat Stock Show — is held. Its rodeo, hold together with the stock show, is the biggest indoor rodeo on the earth.

And, of course, no nation can exist without humour. As they themselves say, an American must have one wife, two cars, three children, four pets, five suits, six acres, seven credit cards — and is lucky to have eight cents in his pocket.

VI. Get ready to answer the questions:

1. What holiday is celebrated in Russia on the first of May?

2. What other political holidays are celebrated in our country?

3. What religious holidays are celebrated in Russia?

4. What sports holidays do you know?

5. Do you remember any interesting facts about the 22-nd Olympic Games in Moscow?