Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Шотландия"

SCOTLAND

Teacher of English: Turgumbaeva Bates Maratovna

Prirechnoe, 2014

The history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, the Roman province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall , which once ran from the Clyde to the Forth . To the north lay the territory of Caledonia , whose people were described as " Picti " in Latin, meaning ‘painted ones’. Due to constant incursions from these Picti the Roman legions would be forced back to Hadrian's Wall within 20 years of its construction, and forced to abandon the territory by the beginning of the 3rd century.

According to 9th- and 10th-century literature, the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata was founded on the west coast of Scotland in the 6th century. In the following century, Irish missionary Columba founded a monastery on Iona and introduced the previously pagan Scottish to Celtic Christianity , and with less success the Picts of Pictland. King Nechtan of Pictland later chose to expel the Columban church in favour of the Roman, principally to restrict the influence of the Scoti on his kingdom and to avoid a war with Northumbri. In the same period Angles had conquered the previously Brythonic territory south of the Clyde and Forth, initially creating the Anglo Saxon kingdom of Bernicia , later becoming a part of the Kingdom of Northumbria . Towards the end of the 8th century all three kingdoms were raided, settled and to some extent came under Viking control. Successive defeats by the Norse forced the Picts and Scoti to cease their historic hostility to each other and unite in the 9th century, to form the Kingdom of Scotland .

THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND

Scotland’s Geography

Scotland's physical geography, including details of landmass, islands, coastline, major rivers, highest mountains and largest lochs.

Continent: Europe

Capital: Edinburgh

Largest City: Glasgow

Language: English,Gaelick, Scots

Government : Constitutional monarchy

Queen (of the UK): Queen Elizabeth II

Prime Minister (of the UK): David Cameron MP

Area: 78800 sq km

Population: 5 million people

The Highest mountain: Ben Nevis 1344m

The Largest loch: Loch Lomond 56 sq km

The Longest river: River Tay 193km

Currency : Pound sterling (GBP)

THE SYMBOLS OF SCOTLAND

THE SCOTTISH FLAG

THE THISTLE

The thistle, the national emblem of Scotland was chosen as such because it saved the country from the enemy.

The Saint Andrew`s cross is the Scottish flag.Saint Andrew`s Day is celebrated on 30 November.

MOTTO :  In My Defens God Me Defend ( Scots ) (often shown abbreviated as IN DEFENS)

Edinburgh

Capital of Scotland

Famous Edinburghers: Bell, Stevenson, Scott, Connery.

Coastal city

Glasgow

Compaq

Scotland’s largest city

Fishing

Harbour city

• The longest lake– 56 km

• The place where Nessie lives — a mystic creature

• The place of interest to tourists

CULTURE AND TRADITIONS

Scotland has been handing down its traditions for close to a thousand years now, since the earliest days of the clans in the 12 th century. However, Scottish traditions are not something sterile under glass and steel in a cold museum. They are vibrant, living things, constantly growing and evolving, and every generation adds the thumb print of its own particular Scottish culture to the whole.

Scotland is a richly diverse country with dozens of different cultures living in harmony. Tolerance, equality of opportunity and social justice are important principles of Scottish people and communities.

The great Highland bagpipe is considered Scotland’s national instrument, and is one of the most iconic symbols of Scottish culture.

Scotland boasts a rich piping heritage but it is the great Highland bagpipe with which most people are familiar.

Scotland’s national instrument, the iconic bagpipes, is still hugely popular. From buskers on the street to pipe bands parading through Scottish towns and cities, you are certainly likely to hear the unmistakable sound of the bagpipe in Scotland before you see them!

Today the bagpipes are used in military and regional pipe bands, to entertain at ceilidhs and in folk bands and solo performances. They are also commonly used to accompany  Scottish Highland dancing .

Bagpipe music has deep roots in the Gaelic culture of Scotland and there are roughly two main styles of music played on the bagpipes, Ceòl Mór and Ceòl Beag, which in Gaelic means ‘big music’ and ‘little music’.

Today the kilt is still worn at special occasions including weddings,  Highland games  and at traditional Scottish ceilidh dances. Men also frequently choose to wear their clan tartan, giving them a sense of belonging which has passed through generations. Fashion designers have also tried to update the kilt and make it appeal to a wider audience by using non-tartan designs such as camouflage and material such as leather.

Robert Burns (1759-96) exalted as Scotland's national poet, liricist and a major figure in the Romantic movement.

Although Scotland increasingly adopted the English language and wider cultural norms, its literature developed a distinct national identity and began to enjoy an international reputation. As well as making original compositions, Burns also collected folk songs from across Scotland, often revising or adapting them. His poem (and song) " Auld Lang Syne " is often sung at Hogmanay and " Scots Wha Hae " served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the country.

Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Doyles were a prosperous Irish-Catholic family, who had a prominent position in the world of Art. Author Arthur Conan Doyle wrote 60 mystery stories featuring the wildly popular detective Character Sherlock Holmes and his loyal assistant Watson.

Walter Scott , 1st Baronet, FRSE (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, popular throughout much of the world in the 19th century.

Scott was the first English-language author to have a truly international career in his lifetime. Famous titles include Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor.

MUSIC

For many Highland games festival attendees, the most memorable of all the events at the games is the massing of the pipe bands. Normally held in conjunction with the opening and closing ceremonies of the games, as many as 20 or more pipe bands will march and play together. The result is a thunderous rendition of traditional favourites Scotland the Brave  or  Amazing Grace , and other crowd-pleasing favorites.

It is, in fact, the music of the  bagpipe  which has come to symbolize music at the Games and, indeed, in  Scotland  itself. In addition to the massed bands, nearly all Highland games gatherings feature a wide range of piping and drumming competition, including solo piping and drumming, small group ensembles and, of course, the pipe bands themselves. But the pipes and drums are not the only music which can be heard at Highland games. Many such events offer  fiddling ,  harp  circles,  Celtic  bands and other forms of musical entertainment, the latter usually spiced with a healthy amount of bagpipe music.

HISTORY OF HIGHLAND GAMES

The origin of human games and sports predates recorded history. An example of a possible early games venue is at  Fetteresso , although that location is technically a few miles south of the Scottish Highlands.

It is reported in numerous books and Highland games programs, that King  Malcolm III of Scotland , in the 11th century, summoned contestants to a foot race to the summit of Craig Choinnich (overlooking  Braemar ) King Malcolm created this foot race in order to find the fastest runner in the land to be his royal messenger. Some have seen this apocryphal event to be the origin of today's modern Highland games

Highland games

Highland games are events held throughout the year in  Scotland  and other countries as a way of celebrating Scottish and  Celtic culture and heritage, especially that of the  Scottish Highlands . Certain aspects of the games are so well known as to have become emblematic of Scotland, such as the  bagpipes , the  kilt , and the heavy events, especially the  caber toss . While centred on competitions in piping and drumming, dancing, and Scottish heavy athletics, the games also include entertainment and exhibits related to other aspects of Scottish and  Gaelic  culture.

Weight throw

• Weight throw , also known as the weight for distance event. There are actually two separate events, one using a light (28 lb for men and 14 lb for women) and the other a heavy (56 lb for men, 42 lb for masters men, and 28 lb for women) weight. The weights are made of metal and have a handle attached either directly or by means of a chain. The implement is thrown using one hand only, but otherwise using any technique. Usually a spinning technique is employed. The longest throw wins.

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