Презентация "Виды преступлений" к уроку по теме "Жертвы преступлений" 11 класс

CRIMES

АRSON

Arson  is the crime of intentionally, deliberately and maliciously setting fire.

A person who commits this crime is called an arsonist

Historically, the common law crime of arson had three elements:

• The malicious
• burning
• of the dwelling

• The malicious  – for purposes of common law arson, "malicious" refers action creating a great risk of a burning. It is not required that the defendant acted intentionally or willfully for the purpose of burning a dwelling

• burning   – at common law charring to any part of dwelling was sufficient to satisfy this element. No significant amount of damage to the dwelling was required. Any injury or damage to the structure caused by exposure to heat or flame is sufficient .

• of the dwelling  – dwelling refers to a place of residence. The destruction of an unoccupied building was not considered arson, "since arson protected habitation, the burning of an unoccupied house did not constitute arson

the most famous arson

• Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Day, Bonfire Night and Firework Night, is an annual commemoration observed on 5 November, primarily in Great Britain. Its history begins with the events of 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes, a member of the Gunpowder Plot, was arrested while guarding explosives the plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords.

CHILD KIDNAPPING.

The first step in protecting your child from potential abductors is to know what you're dealing with.

Here are some important and potentially surprising facts about child. Every 40 seconds in the United States, a child becomes missing or is abducted.

Based on the identity of the perpetrator, there are three distinct types of kidnapping:

• kidnapping by a relative of the victim or "family kidnapping" (49 percent),
• kidnapping by an acquaintance of the victim or "acquaintance kidnapping" (27 percent)
• kidnapping by a stranger to the victim or "stranger kidnapping" (24 percent).

• Family kidnapping is committed primarily by parents, involves a larger percentage of female perpetrators (43 percent) than other types of kidnapping offenses, occurs more frequently to children under 6, equally victimizes juveniles of both sexes, and most often originates in the home.
• Acquaintance kidnapping involves a comparatively high percentage of juvenile perpetrators, has the largest percentage of female and teenage victims, is more often associated with other crimes (especially sexual and physical assault), occurs at homes and residences, and has the highest percentage of injured victims.

Stranger kidnapping victimizes more females than males, occurs primarily at outdoor locations, victimizes both teenagers and school-age children, is associated with sexual assaults in the case of girl victims and robberies in the case of boy victims (although not exclusively so), and is the type of kidnapping most likely to involve the use of a firearm.

DRUG-TRAFFICKING

what is it? is it illegal? is it a problem? what does police do ? is it dangerous for me? how can i save me and my family?

when it has started to be illegal

• Chinese edicts against opium smoking were made in 1729, 1796 and 1800. Addictive drugs were prohibited in the west in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
• Drug trafficking is widely regarded by lawmakers as a serious offense around the world. Penalties often depend on the type of drug (and its classification in the country into which it is being trafficked), the quantity trafficked, where the drugs are sold and how they are distributed. If the drugs are sold to underage people, then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than in other circumstances.

Drug-trafficking is -

The illegal transportation and trade of drugs. It is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws

Drug-trafficking today Drugs are increasingly traded online on the dark web on Darknet markets. Gradually, the FBI and the NSA use hackers to find dealers in the web . Programmers organize DDoS-attacks, as was done in 2011 in the Netherlands. That easily allows the police to catch the dealers.

SHOPLIFTING

Shoplifting  (also known in slang as boosting and five-finger discount)

is a popular term used for the unnoticed theft of goods from an open retail establishment. Shoplifting typically involves a person concealing a store item on their person, in pockets or under clothes (or in a bag, baby stroller, etc.) and leaving the store without paying for it.

With clothing, shoplifters may put on items from the store and leave the store wearing the clothes. The terms "shoplifting" and "shoplifter" are not usually defined in law. The crime of shoplifting generally falls under the legal classification of larceny.

Shoplifters range from amateurs acting on impulse to career criminals who habitually engage in shoplifting as a form of income. Career criminals may use several individuals to shoplift, with some participants distracting store employees while another participant steals items.  

Amateurs typically steal products for personal use, while career criminals generally steal items to resell them in the underground economy. Other forms of shoplifting include swapping price labels of different items, return fraud or eating a grocery store's food without paying for it.

MUGGING

Measures you can take to protect yourself from falling victim to a mugging

• Be alert and aware of your surroundings at all times. Criminals often target people who are distracted, such as looking down at your phone or listening to music.
• Trust your instincts. If you feel uncomfortable about a location or a person, leave immediately, go into a place or store you know is open, and don’t be afraid about calling the police.
• Be wary of distractions. Sometimes one perpetrator diverts your attention while another picks your pocket or steals your belonging.
• Always know your location. If you call 911, the operator must need to know your location (or the location of the incident).
• Don’t be afraid to make a scene or yell. Attackers often expect people to be silent and you can divert an attacker

Always be aware of your surroundings.

• Travel on populated, well lit streets that have open businesses. If you are not familiar with the neighborhood you are going, or it’s late at night (even if a short distance), consider taking a car service or taxi. (RightRides or Brooklyn Bike Patrol can help).
• If at all possible, travel with a friend. However, still stay alert, even with a buddy.
• If you feel you are being followed, retreat to a store or other public area and call 911. If a motorist is bothering you, turn around and walk the opposite direction of the car.
• Have the key to your residence ready in your hand as you approach your door.
• Avoid talking to strangers.
• Walk closer to the curb to avoid passing close to dark doorways and other places of concealment.
• If you must use an iPod (avoid this), keep volume down low enough so you can hear your surroundings.

VANDALISM

Vandalism is "action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property".

The term includes criminal damage such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner.

Examples

Examples of vandalism include cutting trees without permission, egg throwing, breaking windows, arson, placing glue into locks, tire slashing, throwing shoes on power lines , ransacking a property, and flooding a house by clogging a sink and leaving the water running.

Reaction of authorities

In view of its incivility, punishment for vandalism can be particularly severe in some countries. In Singapore, for example, a person who attempts to cause or commits an act of vandalism may be liable to imprisonment for up to 3 years and may also be punished with caning. Vandalism in the UK is construed as an environmental crime and may be punished with an ASBO (Anti-Social Behaviour Order).

HIJACKING

Skyjacking

Aircraft hijacking  (also known as  air piracy  or  aircraft piracy ,and informally as skyjacking) is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft by an individual or a group. In most cases, the pilot is forced to fly according to the orders of the hijackers. Occasionally, however, the hijackers have flown the aircraft themselves. In at least three cases, the plane was hijacked by the official pilot or co-pilot.

Carjacking

A carjacking is an event in which a car is stolen or hijacked. The term can be used to describe a theft of a car that has been left unattended, but more often refers to a violent crime in which a car is stolen while the owner is inside of it. In many cases, a carjacking is an armed robbery in which the owner or driver of the car is forced to relinquish the vehicle at gunpoint or knifepoint. In some rare cases, a carjacking is coupled with a kidnapping, but the criminal usually forces the driver and any other members of the car to exit the vehicle before driving away.

COUNTERFEITERS

Counterfeiters appeared simultaneously with the first metal money.

In recent history, counterfeiting was done at the state level with the aim of undermining the economy of a hostile power. One of the first references — the use of the Napoleon of counterfeit Russian money in the war of 1812.

The punishment for counterfeiting money almost always and everywhere was extremely strict and provides for punishment of 5 to 15 years of imprisonment.

FORGERY

Forgery - the production of false documents by a complete falsification of the document or its separate elements

Additional notes by hand and re-printing on a typewriter manufactured in order the changes contained in the document information. As a rule, they are small in size, but is able to significantly modify the original data.

For forgery there is a fine or an imprisoning.

ROBBERY

Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force or by putting the victim in fear.

Among the types of robbery are armed robbery involving use of a weapon and aggravated robbery involving use of a deadly weapon or something that appears to be a deadly weapon.

BURGLARY

Burglary is illegal entry into a room or other location is secret or open invasion of the victim's home or other premises, storage with the purpose of stealing other people's property. While the purpose of theft should precede the invasion.

THE END Thank you for attention