Презентация Computers in Our Life

COMPUTERS

In Our Life

9th form

Teacher: Leskiv A.A.

A computer – аn electronic device used for processing data.

What are the main parts of the computer?

• Hardware
• The physical equipment or touchable parts of a computer system, the system case, the monitor, the keyboard, the mouse, the external speakers, the scanner, the printer…

The MONITOR

The System Case

The Speakers

The Printer

The Scanner

The Mouse

The Mouse pad (mat)

Mother board

Disks

The Flash drive (card)

The Key board

Buttons

Software -

Computer programme that gives detailed set of instruction to tell the computer exactly what to do.

Operating System - The basic software that manages a computer.

Bill Gates

William Henry " Bill " Gates III (born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author.

Card № 2   The Founder of Microsoft  

• It's hard to believe that the first personal computer, the prototype of the computer now found in homes and offices around the world, was developed less than thirty years ago. The original PC, as it's known, came in a form of an electronic kit, a piece of hardware strictly for the hobbyist. The software for that machine — the language that allows us to tell the computer what we want it to do — was developed by William Gates.
• Bill Gates was born in 1955 in Seattle. He became interested in computers when he was 13 years old. Bill attended Harvard University. There he began to develop the computer language called Basic. Later William returned to Seattle where he established the Microsoft Company in 1975. It employed only three workers at first. Microsoft developed software for established American com­panies like General Electric, City Bank and International Business Machines company, known as IBM. In 1981 IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft products as part of its operating System. By then Microsoft had already 129 workers.
• Today four of five of the world's personal computers run on Microsoft software, on what is called Microsoft DOS or on its latest incarnation — Win­dows. Windows system makes it much easier to use a computer. It's through the Windows system that we may gain access to the Internet, the global compu­ter network.
• Microsoft does thousands of millions of dollars in business each year. It now has more than 16 thousand workers in 48 countries. Microsoft produces com­puter programmes in 30 languages and sells them in more than 100 countries.
• Thanks to the success of his company, William Gates has earned a person fortune estimated to be in excess of seven billion dollars. He is one of the richest men in the world.
•  
• an electronic kit - электронный конструктор
• an incarnation - воплощение
• an access - доступ
• in excess of - более чем

Card № 2(a)

• Task 1. Answer the questions:

1.When was the first personal computer developed?

2.By whom was the software for the machine developed?

3.When and where was William Gates born?

4.At what age did he become interested in computers?

5.What university did he study?

6.When and where did he establish the Microsoft Company?

7.What companies did he develop software for?

8.What are the advantages of using Windows system?

• Task 2. Choose the sentences which do not correspond the text:

1.The original PC came in a form of an electronic kit.

2.Bill Gates was born in 1955 in New York.

3. He became interested in computers when he was 12 years old.

4.Bill attended Harvard University.

5.In 1999 IBM began selling a personal computer that used Microsoft

products as part of its operating system.

6.Microsoft does hundreds of dollars in business each year.

7.Bill Gates is one of the richest men in the world.  

Card № 1 Computers

• A computer is really a very specific kind of a counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric processes it can find the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.
• A computer can "remember" information you give it. It keeps the information in its "memory" until it is needed.
• There are different kinds of computers. Some can do only one job. There are special-purpose computers. Each specific problem requires a specific computer. One kind of computer can help us build a spaceship, other kind can help us navigate it. A special-purpose computer is built for this purpose alone and cannot do anything else.
• But there are some computers that can do many different jobs. They are called the general-purpose computers. There are the big "brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science.
• We used to think of a computer as a large machine that took up a whole room. But today computers are becoming smaller and smaller. Though there small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers, they are still true computers.
• The most important parts of a general-purpose computer are as follows:
• 1) memory, where information is kept; 2) an arithmetic unit for performing calculations; 3) a control unit for the correct order of operations; 4) input devices; 5) output devices for displaying the results of calculations. The input and output devices are called peripherals.
• There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern plane carries many heavy electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of them smaller, it can carry a bigger weight. But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer, the faster in can work. The signals go to and for at a very high but almost constant speed.
• Some of the first computer cost millions of dollars, but people quickly learned that it was cheaper to let a million dollar computer make the necessary calculations than to have a hundred clerks trying to do the same by hand. Scientists found that computers made fewer mistakes and could fulfill the tasks much faster than almost any number of people using usual methods. The computers became popular. As their popularity grew the number of factories producing them also grew.

Card № 1(a) 

• I. Choose the right ending :

• 1)A computer is a kind of...

a) counting machine; c) a table game;

b) typewriter; d) a TV set.

•    2) Computer could be used to...

a)play games; c) cook meals;

b)solve difficult problems; d) save money.

•    3)The text tells us about special-purpose computers and...

a)all-purpose computers; c) general-purpose computers;

b)calculators; d) ordinary computers.

•     4)There are... most important parts in a general-purpose computer.

a)very many; c) two;

b)five; d) ten.

•     5)The smaller the computer, the... it can work.

a)more effectively; c) better;

b)slower; d) faster.

•   6)Output devices serve for displaying the...

a) nice pictures; c) results of calculations;

b) diagrams; d) words.

•    7)Some of the first computers cost...

a)hundreds of dollars; c) thousands of pounds;

b)millions of dollars; d) thousands of rubles.

II. Find English equivalents:

• 1.Мы привыкли думать, о компьютере, как о большой машине, занимающей целую комнату.
• 2.Компьютер может «помнить» информацию, которую вы ему даёте.
• 3.Иногда вес особенно важен.
• 4.Компьютеры стали популярными.
• 5.Некоторые могут выполнять только одну работу.
• 6.Существуют разные виды компьютеров.

Card №3. The Use of Computers. Part1

• The first digital computer was completed in 1944. Since that time, there have been many changes. Now computers are smaller, cheaper, and more common. There are few people who have not worked with a computer, either di­rectly or indirectly. Banks, businesses, hospitals, large li­braries, universities, and airlines all use computers. Librar­ies also use computers to check out books.
• Up until now, the computer has been used most often in business, where it was first used for accounting. This is still its most common use. It can list and remember the number of products that the business buys and sells. It can also calculate the average cost of the products in the store. It can tell the businessmen when they need to buy more. Management uses it to prepare business reports and to make decisions. It can predict the future of the business so the management can use the information when it has to make important decisions.
• Many banks use computers to process customers' checks and to keep records of their money. Outside many banks, there are automatic tellers, which are computers. People use them when the bank is closed. They can deposit money; they can get cash; and they can transfer money from a savings account to a checking account and vice versa.
• Computers that are used in factories to control the as­sembly line put together cars, airplanes, and other machines. They do jobs that are difficult, dangerous, or boring for people to do. A computer is also used to check quality in the factory because it can test products to see if they are satisfactory. Chemical companies often use computers to analyze their processes and check their products.
• In the travel industry, computers are widely used to make reservations for airlines and hotels. Passengers do not have to wait days or weeks to see if there are seats on the airplanes because the computer can give them the in­formation immediately.

The Use of Computers. Part 2

• Schools are beginning to use the computer more and more because it can teach many kinds of lessons. Students have the chance to learn at their own speed. Some stu­dents can work slowly; others can work quickly. The com­puter tells them if their answers are right or wrong. The computer can help students to review if they need to. One computer system that is used in education is PLATO. It teaches English!
• One very important use of the computer is in word processing. A word processor is a computer that can type letters, papers, or books. It makes the secretary, student, or writer's jobs easier, faster, and more efficient. If students need to write research papers, they can type them on the word processor. Then it is easy to make corrections or changes. When the paper is finished, the word proces­sor can type many copies of the paper.
• Computer games are popular for entertainment. These games are in many places, such as supermarkets, restau­rants, and other stores. One of the first and most famous games was Pacman, which was seen everywhere. It became one of the most famous figures in the country. Entertain­ment is one of the most popular uses of the computer.
• Small, personal computers are also becoming popular. People use them at home to play games, learn lessons, keep household accounts, and store information. There are pocket computers that students use in their studies.
• Computers are used more and more every day. They are important in business, science, education, for entertain­ment, and at home. They are getting smaller and better. They can do more and more jobs, and they have more and more uses. They make life easier and more enjoyable.
•  
• Words from the text:
• teller - счетчик
• cash – деньги, наличные
• vice versa - наоборот

Card№ 4(a)  

• II. Fill in the gaps.

Nancy: - I want to become a hacker. What … should I learn?

Victor: - I advise you to start with … . Java is also a good language for learning to … in. It is more difficult than Python, but produces … … than Python.

N:­ Two languages, is that enough?

V : - Listen, to be a real hacker, you should learn several very different languages.

N : - OK. What are the others?

V: - Other languages of particular importance to hackers include Perl and LISP. Perl is … … for practical reasons; it’s very widely used for active … … and system administration, so that even if you never write … you should learn to read it.

N: - Is it difficult to learn to program?

V : - Learning to program is like learning to write good natural language. The best way to do it is … … , write some things yourself. Everything depends on your hard work.

Card № 3(a). 

• II. Put in the correct order. 1.

a. People use automatic tellers to get money.

b.They are computers.

c.There are automatic tellers outside banks.

•   2 .

a.They put together different machines.

b.In industry computers do jobs that are difficult for people to do.

c.They also check quality of the products.

•   3.

a. Airlines use computers to make reservations.

b.Passengers get the information immediately.

c.They don't have to wait days to reserve seats.

•   4.

a.Computers tell them if their answers are right or wrong.

b.Students can learn at their own speed.

c.Computers can teach lessons.

•   5.

a.Students can type their research papers on the word processor.

b.A word processor is a typing computer.

c.It can type many copies of the same paper.

• 6 .

a.They can be seen in stores and restaurants.

b.Computer games are very popular.

c.One of the first computer games was Pacman.

•   7.

a.There are even pocket computers.

b.PC can be very small.

c.Students use them in their studies.

II. Choose the right answer : “What is the main idea of the lecture?”  

• a. Computers are most important for entertainment.
• b. Computers have many uses.
• c. Computers have become part of daily life.

Card № 5 How to Use a Computer Safely  

• Modern life is impossible without computers. So you must learn how to use them safely.
• Your eyes
• Never sit too close to a computer screen. Remember to look away from the screen sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest.
• When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right, not directly behind the screen.
• Your hands
• Hand injuries can happen because you move your hands in the same way hundreds of times. So follow these three rules:
• Rest your hands on something.
• Keep your elbows at the same height as the keyboard.
• Stop sometimes and exercise your hands in a different way. Your back
• You should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Get up every 30 minutes and exer­cise your arms, legs and neck..
• Enjoy your computer, but use it safely.