Тема занятия "Air transport"

Тема занятия “AIR TRANSPORT”

Цель занятия: развитие и совершенствование коммуникативных компетенций; овладение лексическим запасом, необходимым для чтения и перевода технических текстов, научных статей, активизация речи.

Организационный момент: Hello, dear friends. We have already read and discussed texts on the topics “Land transport”, “Water Transport”, and today we are going to learn about air transport, its history and development.

Введение новой лексики.

Task 1. Let’s read and translate the following words and word combinations from the text.

1. Drawback, break down, mend, trouble, aircraft, safety precautions, expensive, rely upon, low clouds, mist, develop, save. 2. Balloons, force to drift, wind flow, reliable, obtain information, upper atmosphere, density, weather, readings of the instruments, release, the direction and strength of the wind. 3. Flight, skilled pilots, available, convert, fit. 4. Value, increase, air freight, worth, urgent, spare parts, medical supplies, supply. 5. Jet-propelled aircrafts, valuable, mail, bulky cargoes, oil, coal, minerals, grain, machinery, rival, rout. 6. Room, flat, runway, turbo-jet, take off. 7. Helicopter, gain, landing, hovercraft (машина на воздушной подушке), ferry roadless country (условия бездорожья).

Развитие навыков чтения.

Task 2. Read the text. Seven sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences a– h the one which fits each gap. (There is one extra sentence.)

1. Modern air transport using craft which is heavier than air requires a good deal of power merely to stay in the air. It is for this reason that air transport uses more fuel to carry a ton over a distance of a mile than land or water transport. Another drawback of air transport is that whereas a ship, truck or train whose engines break down can stop until they are mended, an aircraft with the same trouble must land. This means that ……………….engines and this increases its cost. Safety precautions for air transport also tend to make it expensive. It cannot be relied upon for regular services in places or seasons with low clouds and mist. The great advantage of air transport being its high speed, all civilized countries try to develop шею If you want to save time, you will naturally fly by air.

2. Balloons. ………… ,which are sometimes called “free balloons” because having no engines they are forced to drift by the wind flow. This fact alone makes balloons not reliable enough for carrying people. If they were safer, they would be used more for transportation, but at present the scientists use balloons mostly for obtaining information about the upper atmosphere, its density, and other scientific subjects. Weather balloons are particularly used by meteorologists. They carry instruments whose readings are automatically sent to the ground by the radio, the position of the balloon being obtained by radar. Small balloons released from air-fields are observed to obtain the direction and strength of the wind.

3. Aeroplanes. The heavier-than-air machines called aeroplanes were rather slow in being adopted for transport. The first aeroplane flight was made in 1884.

World War 1 quickened the development of aeroplanes enormously. By 1918 they were no longer unreliable things capable of only short flights, but powerful machines able to carry heavy loads at high speed for long distances. What was more, the ending of the war meant that ……. .

The first aeroplanes were machines that had been used as bombers. They were quickly converted for use by passengers by fitting extra seats and windows. The first regular public air service from London to Paris was started in August.

1. During World War 2 the value of aeroplanes for carrying heavy loads was recognized. This led after the war to an increase in the practice of sending goods by air. Air freight is expensive but is often thought worth while for such goods as early vegetables, fruit and flowers, as well as for things urgently needed such as spare parts for machinery, medical supplies, films and photographs. Some parts of the world are hundreds of miles from a road, railway or waterway, and air transport is…………………. . Such places are kept supplied wholly by air.

2. After World War 2, bigger and faster airliners were introduced. Jet-propelled aircraft was first used in 1950. Air transport is very valuable for emergency medical work. The most important use of air transport besides carrying passengers is….. . If the letters are sent by air mail, they are not long in coming. Although it is unlikely that aircraft will ever replace ships for carrying heavy and bulky cargoes such as oil, coal, minerals, grain and machinery, air transport is already proving a serious rival to passenger ships on some routes.

3. Helicopters and Hovercrafts. Helicopters are very useful in places where there is no room for long, flat runways. Modern turbo-jet airliners need a run of nearly two miles long to take off, but helicopters can use small fields, platforms mounted on ships and the flat tops of buildings. Helicopters were first introduced for regular airline service in 1947. Later, helicopters were ……………., and for taking airline passengers between the centres of cities and the main airports.

4. While helicopters gain in needing very little space for taking-off and landing, they lose because the speed at which they move forward is quite low. So the problem was to develop an aircraft combining the advantages of the helicopter with the high speed of an ordinary aircraft. If the designers could develop such a machine the problem would be solved. So for this purpose the hovercraft (машина на воздушной подушке) was designed. Hovercrafts are likely to be useful for ferry services – for example, ……………..the English Channel. They may also be useful for travel in roadless countries (в условиях бездорожья).

1. The earliest form of air transport was balloons

2. carrying mail

3. in ferrying motor cars across

4. an aircraft must have several

5. made the first free balloon flight

6. thousands of aeroplanes and skilled pilots were available

7. the only possible kind of transport

8. used for carrying passengers and mail on short routes

Активизация лексики.

Task 3. Fill in the correct words from the list below. Use the words only once.

little space, regular, safety, obtain, a distance of, rival, countries, several, short, fly, speed, wind flow, carrying

1. high … 8. ……….. information

2. … routes 9. …………. a mile

3. … transport 10. ………… services

4. … precautions 11. ………….. people

5. … engines 12. ……… for taking off and landing

6. roadless ……... 13. serious ……….

7. ….. by air 14. drift by the …………

Развитие навыков говорения.

Task 4. Answer the questions.

1. What are the disadvantages of air transport?

2. What is the great advantage of air transport?

3. What is the earliest form of air transport?

4. Why are balloons not reliable enough?

5. How are balloons used at present?

6. When was the first aeroplane flight made?

7. What event quickened the development of aeroplanes enormously?

8. How did aeroplanes change by 1918?

9. How were the first machines used as bombers converted for use by passengers?

10. For what kind of places is air transport the only possible kind of transport?

11. What kind of aircraft was introduced in 1950?

12. What is another important use of air transport besides carrying passengers?

13. Is it likely that aircraft will ever replace ships?

14. When were helicopters first introduced for regular airline service?

15. How were helicopters used later?

16. How do helicopters gain and lose in their technical characteristics?

17. What kind of machine was developed to combine the advantages of helicopter with the high speed of an ordinary aircraft?

18. How are hovercrafts used?

Повторение и закрепление грамматического материала.

Present, Past, Future Simple Passive

Задание 1. Translate the sentences into Russian using Passive Voice.

1. Письма были оставлены на столе.

2. Мальчикам не разрешили купаться в реке.

3. После обеда посуда была вымыта.

4. Эта статья была написана известным английским журналистом.

5. Это стихотворение должно быть выучено всеми учащимися нашей группы.

6. Нам показано много разных деталей нового двигателя.

7. Их будут обучать двум иностранным языкам.

8. Когда будет написана ваша книга?

9. Все эти книги взяты из библиотеки.

10. Диктант был сдан преподавателю после звонка.

11. Весной это поле будет покрыто зеленой травой и цветами.

12. Работа была выполнена очень хорошо.

13. Статья должна быть переведена к пяти часам.

14. Перевод должен быть закончен вовремя.

15. Доклад можно написать на следующей неделе.

16. Книги должны быть возвращены в библиотеку.

17. Ему можно предложить новую работу.

18. Как можно перевести это слово?

19. Произведения английских и американских писателей издают во всем мире.

20. Меня представили ее отцу вчера. (to introduce to – представлять кого-либо)

Заключительный этап занятия. Оценка работы студентов. Выставление оценок.

Домашнее задание.

THE FIRST BALLOONS

Etienne and Joseph Montgolfier lived in the eighteenth century in a little village in France where their father had a paper factory. The two brothers took paper bags from their father, filled them with smoke over a fire and watched them go up into the air.

After numerous experiments they were ready to show how their balloon worked. On the day of the flight people from different places came to the village to see the spectacle. The brothers had constructed a bag some thirty feet in diameter. That big bag was held over a fire. When it was filled with hot smoke, it went up into the air. It was in the air for ten minutes and then, as the air bag became cold, the balloon went slowly down.

The news about the experiment reached the king who wanted to see it himself. So on September 19, 1783 the Montgolfier brothers repeated their experiment in the presence of the King and Queen of France. This time the balloon carried a cage with a sheep, a cock, and a duck, who were thus the first air travelers. The flight was successful. The balloon came down some distance off with the sheep, the cock and the duck completely unharmed (невредимый).

If the animals could live through this, men could risk too. A month later a balloon was sent up with a Frenchman, Rozier by name. He stayed up in the air for twenty-five minutes at a height of about one hundred feet above the ground, and then came down, saying that he had greatly enjoyed the view (вид) of the country.

A month later he and Arlandes made the first free balloon flight. Their friends who came to say good-bye to them were very sad because they thought the flight was very dangerous, but they went up several hundred feet, were carried by the wind over Paris and came down in safety.

In 1785 a Frenchman and an American crossed the English channel in a balloon. When they had covered three quarters of the way, the balloon began to go down. They threw everything they could overboard. They even undressed and threw away practically all their clothes. If they had not done it, they would have never reached the French coast safely.

Complete the following sentences choosing the most suitable variant.

1. The Montgolfier brothers lived:

a)in England b)in France c)in the USA

2. Their balloon was filled with:

a)smoke b)special gas c)steam

3. In the cage fastened to the balloon there were:

a)some instruments b)a hen, a dog and a cat c)a sheep, a cock and a duck

4. a)Very few people

b)Some friends from their village came to see the experiment.

c)People from different places

5. Rozier’s flight

a)lasted twenty-five minutes b)was unsuccessful c)ended in a disaster

Использованная литература:

1. «Английский язык для инженеров» автор Т.Ю. Полякова и др.

2. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. Автор Ю.Голицынский