Сборник материалов. Приготовление пищи. Еда.

Министерство общего и профессионального образования Ростовской области

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

«ТАГАНРОГСКИЙ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Методическая разработка

учебного пособия

для обучающихся 1 курса

по английскому языку

Тема: Еда, способы приготовления пищи

разработал: преподаватель

английского языка

ГБПОУ РО ТМехК

Ороева И.Б.

2017

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

I. Study the following words and expressions. Food и meal – в чем разница?

На английский язык слово «еда» можно перевести двумя словами – food и meal. Первое используется в значении «пища», «продукты», «кушанье», «продовольствие», то есть именно то, что мы едим. Второе же слово подразумевает еду как трапезу или прием пищи в целом.

Помимо этого нужно знать, что в английском языке «блюдо» называют словами dish (предполагается, что это блюдо, поданное на одной тарелке) или course (используется в сочетании по образцу: a dinner of three courses – обед из трех блюд). В каждой стране есть своя национальная кухня (cuisine). Прошу не путать со словом kitchen, которое используют, когда говорят о комнате, где готовят кушать. То есть человек, который предпочитает блюда французской кухни, скажет: “I prefer French cuisine”.

Приемы пищи в течение дня

Со школы всем известно, что завтрак – это breakfast, обед – dinner, а ужин – supper. Но в современном английском кое-что поменялось: сейчас говорят, что обед – это lunch, а ужин – dinner. Неизменными остались фразы, связанные с приемами пищи. Кушать что-то на завтрак – to have something for breakfast, на обед – to have something for lunch, на ужин – to have something for dinner. Между приемами пищи люди иногда перекусывают – to have a snack или to take a quick bite.

Продукты на английском

Заходишь в супермаркет, и глаза разбегаются от широкого ассортимента продуктов на полках. Тут и овощи (vegetables), и фрукты (fruit), и деликатесы из мяса (meat) и рыбы (fish), разнообразные мучные изделия (pastry) и другие кулинарные изыски. Остановимся подробно на каждом типе продуктов.

Vegetables. Овощи

#	Слово	Перевод
1	Lettuce	Салат-латук
2	Cabbage	Капуста
3	Carrot	Морковь
4	Zucchini	Цуккини
5	Radish	Редис
6	Beets	Свекла
7	Sweet pepper	Сладкий перец
8	Chili pepper	Острый перец
9	Celery	Сельдерей
10	Parsley	Петрушка
11	Spinach	Шпинат
12	Cucumber	Огурец
13	Squash	Кабачок
14	Turnip	Репа/брюква
15	Broccoli	Брокколи
16	Cauliflower	Цветная капуста
17	Scallion	Зеленый лук
18	Eggplant/aubergine	Баклажан
19	Pea	Горох
20	Artichoke	Артишок
21	Potato	Картофель
22	Yam	Сладкий картофель/батат
23	Tomato	Помидор
24	Asparagus	Спаржа
25	String bean	Стручковая фасоль
26	Mushroom	Гриб
27	Corn	Кукуруза
28	Onion	Лук
29	Garlic	Чеснок

Fruit. Фрукты

#	Слово	Перевод
1	Grape	Виноград
2	Pineapple	Ананас
3	Banana	Банан
4	Apple	Яблоко
5	Peach	Персик
6	Pear	Груша
7	Apricot	Абрикос
8	Plum	Слива
9	Grapefruit	Грейпфрут
10	Orange	Апельсин
11	Lemon	Лимон
12	Lime	Лайм
13	Tangerine	Мандарин
14	Avocado	Авокадо
15	Cantaloupe	Мускусная дыня/канталупа
16	Cherry	Вишня
17	Strawberry	Клубника
18	Raspberry	Малина
19	Blueberry	Черника
20	Papaya	Папайя
21	Mango	Манго
22	Coconut	Кокос
23	Nut	Орех
24	Watermelon	Арбуз
25	Dates	Финики
26	Prunes	Чернослив
27	Raisin	Изюм
28	Not ripe	Не зрелый
29	Ripe	Зрелый
29	Rotten	Гнилой

Meat. Мясо

Традиционно мы употребляем в пищу мясо трех видов: beef – говядина, pork – свинина и mutton – баранина (и разновидность баранины lamb – мясо молодого барашка). Из говядины можно сделать много вкусных деликатесов: roast beef (ростбиф), beef-steak (бифштекс), stewing beef (тушенная говядина), ground beef (говяжий фарш), beef ribs (говяжьи ребрышки), veal cutlers (телячьи отбивные), liver (печень). Из свинины мы любим готовить (и кушать) ветчину (ham), свиные отбивные (pork chops), бекон (bacon) и колбаски (sausage).

Мясо птицы называют poultry. И тут тоже можно выделить три типа мяса домашних птиц, которые употребляются в пищу: chicken – курица, turkey – индейка и duck – утка.

Deli and seafood. Деликатесы и морепродукты

От одного вида колбасных и сырных деликатесов (deli or fine food) текут слюнки (make smb’s mouth water). Smoked turkey (копченая индейка), salami (колбаса-салями), corned beef (солонина), cheddar cheese (сыр чеддер), bacon (бекон) – одна мысль об этих яствах заставляет мой желудок (stomach) урчать в предвкушении трапезы!

Но без чего я действительно не представляю свою жизнь, так это без морепродуктов (seafood). И тут я отдаю предпочтение рыбе (fish) и разнообразным моллюскам (shellfish). Из рыбы надо отметить форель (trout), лосось (salmon, обратите внимание на произношение /ˈsæmən/), камбалу (sole), палтус (halibut). Также деликатесами считаются crab (краб), lobster (омар), shrimp (креветка), scallops (гребешки), mussels (мидии), oysters (устрицы).

Какой еда бывает на вкус

Вкусовые рецепторы языка могут различать 4 вкуса: сладкий (sweet), соленый (salty), кислый (sour) и горький (bitter). При описании вкуса блюд вы можете встретить сочетания этих четырех слов: bitter-sweet – горько-сладкий, sweet-and-sour – кисло-сладкий.

Для того чтобы придать особую пикантность блюду, мы можем добавить приправы – seasoning или relish. Для любителей острой (spicy) еды можно добавить щепотку перца (a pinch of pepper).

Если вам понравилось какое-то блюдо, то можно сказать “It tastes good”. А если вкус блюда оставил неизгладимое впечатление, то выберите одну из следующих фраз:

• Wow, that is delicious! – Вау! Это восхитительно вкусно!

• That is amazing! – Это великолепно!

• It’s so yummy! – Такая вкуснятина!

• That tastes great! – Прекрасный вкус!

• The food at that restaurant is “out of this world”. – Еда в этом ресторане просто не из этого мира!

А иногда вкус блюд оставляет желать лучшего: он слишком резкий (sharp) или наоборот безвкусный (tasteless или bland). Если еда не понравилась, то говорят так:

• That’s disgusting. – Это отвратительно.

• Ew, I don’t like that. – Фу, мне не нравится это.

• This is ok, but I’ve had better. – Нормально, но я кушала и вкуснее.

• I’m not crazy about this. – Я не в восторге от этого.

People and food. Люди и еда

Ценитель хорошего вина (fine wine) и утонченной еды (exquisite dishes) называется «гурман» (gourmet). А человек, который на ходу запихивает в себя бутерброды (sandwiches) и булки (buns), – это fast eater. Самые большие привереды в еде (fussy eaters) – это, как правило, дети: и кашу (porridge или cereal) на завтрак они не хотят, и суп (soup) на обед. Сладкоежка (sweet tooth) не представляет своей жизни без тортов (cakes), шоколада (chocolate) и пирога (pie), которые готовят из муки (flour /flaʊə®/) и большого количества сахара (sugar). А те, кто совсем не ест мяса, зовутся vegetarians (вегетарианцами). Люди, злоупотребляющие алкогольными напитками (alcohol drinks), зовутся alcoholics. А те, кто вообще ни капли спиртного в рот не берут, – трезвенники или teetotaler. Слово похоже на tea – чай, то есть трезвенники – это те, кто пьет только чай. Еще teetotalers могут пить кофе (coffee), сок (juice) или минеральную воду (mineral water), газированную (fizzy) или без газа (still water).

Действия при приеме пищи

Преподаватель с engvid Alex подготовил отличное видео о действиях, которые связаны с едой. Глотать, жевать, кусать – все эти глаголы вы найдете в видео.

• To bite (to grab a bite) – укусить (перекусить).

• To chew – жевать.

• To nibble (to have a nibble) – грызть.

• To drink – пить.

• To sip (to have a sip) – пить маленькими глотками.

• To swallow – глотать.

• To burp – делать отрыжку.

• To ask for seconds – просить добавки.

• To be full/stuffed – быть сытым.

• To be hungry/starving – быть голодным, умирать от голода.

II. Read and translate the following texts. Text 1 Britain Meals Breakfast

All people in the world have breakfast, and most people eat and drink the same things for breakfast. They may eat different things for all the other meals in the day, but at breakfast time, most people have the same things to eat and drink—Tea or Coffee, Bread and Butter, Fruit.

Some people eat meat for breakfast. English people usually eat meat at breakfast time, but England is a cold country. It is bad to eat meat for break fast in a hot country. It is bad to eat too much meat; if you eat meat for break fast, you eat meat three times a day; and that is bad in a hot country. It is also bad to eat meat and drink tea at the same time, for tea makes meat hard so that the stomach cannot deal with it.

The best breakfast is Tea or Coffee, Bread and Butter, Fruit. That is the usual breakfast of most people in the world.

How Tea Was First Drunk in Britain

By the time tea was first introduced into this country (1660), coffee had already been drunk for several years.

By 1750 tea had become the most popular beverage for all types and classes of people — even though a pound of tea cost a skilled worker perhaps a third of his weekly wage!

Tea ware

Early tea cups had no handles, because they were original ly imported from China. Chinese cups didn’t (and still don’t) have handles.

As tea drinking grew in popularity, it led to a demand for more and more tea ware. This resulted in the rapid growth of the English pottery and porcelain industry, which not long after became world famous for its products.

The Tea Break

Nowadays, tea drinking is no longer a proper, formal, “social” occasion We don’t dress up to “go out to tea” anymore. But one tea ceremony is still very important in Britain - the Tea Break! Millions of people in factories and offices look forward to their tea breaks in the morning and afternoon Things To Do

1) Make a display of as many pictures, cut from magazines, as you can find showing different kinds of tea pots and tea cups.              

2) Design your own kind of tea pots and tea cups.

Text 2 National American kitchen

The American style kitchen has a direct relation to the traditional English or British kitchen 17^th and 18^th centuries. In the kitchen the US influenced the culinary traditions of the peoples of the USA, the first clash of traditions occurred with the local Indian cuisine, dishes which are rich in corn and yams, in consequence of in the U.S. a mixture of the traditions of all the peoples who came to the New world. Today if you look at Americans, we can see how artfully they own such as Chinese chopsticks, deal in rice, noodles and even soup, Americans fell in love equally as any Asian and European cuisine. Americans now consider their national cuisine Italian pizza, pasta, Bavarian sausage, Japanese sushi, various Chinese food, all this can be used as a fast street food. Many Americans generally don’t like to cook at home, it is easier or even cheaper to order it all and take on the way home at a nearby restaurant.

American kitchen

In the U.S. distributed products which make life easier bludomain, restaurants and eateries available even to the poorest segments of the population. In General, the food in the U.S. the most affordable in the world, in other words on average salary can buy much more variety of food than in Western Europe not to mention other countries of the world. The variety and mix of nationalities weights to tell about national cuisine of the United States. In a nutshell, the cuisine of the United States — this is the kitchen all over the world.

Traditional American dishes

However, try to tell about the most popular in the United States.

Indian cuisine

The indigenous inhabitants before the arrival of Europeans ate mostly legumes, beans, corn, popular was pumpkin, these plants are well matched, for example the squash protects the ground from weeds and conserve moisture, beans abundantly supplies the soil with nitrogen, which in turn corn grows well, three good crops were also appreciated by Europeans, who called them the three sisters. All these cultures were actively used by native Americans, such as preparing corn bread.

Naturally the Indians primarily ate the most simple food, raw, and various berries, currants, blueberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, elderberry, hawthorn, juniper, sumac, note nuts, legumes. Did not disdain the Indians any meat that you can catch and kill including Chipmunk, rat, pig, opossum, raccoon, rabbit, badger, Wolverine, porcupine quills. Popular was the game in the form of a dove, partridges, turkeys, lark, and all sorts of waterfowl swans, geese, ducks, Indians ate frogs, turtles and snails.

Potatoes

The potato was first discovered not in the USA as many think, and in Peru in the 16^th century by the Spanish, the Irish migrants brought it to Europe and teterow North America, but widespread potato found only in the 18^th century. Potatoes have long entered the American kitchen as the necessary cattle adaptation to a more Northern climate, Americans in the 18^th century generally used the potato as food for livestock, however today and corn primarily goes to livestock needs.

On the table the Americans can not do without a potato, prefer the Americans of course fried potatoes or French fries, to salad and you can serve chips, we just go with beer as entertainment, in the US chips are real food and a separate dish. The Belgians believe that fried potatoes they came up with the French on this offense, many claim that French fries were invented by the Americans or British colonists.

Traditional Indian dishes are slightly changed and became more complex under the influence of Europeans, in the example of succotash succotash Succotash, or boiled corn, which may include beans with tomatoes, red peppers, by the way, due to their low cost and availability of ingredients in this dish fed all Americans during the great depression. Today the symbol of the celebration of thanksgiving Day in the United States and is always on the table, especially in New England, the southern States and Pennsylvania.

In a clash of culinary cultures and ingredients from the New and Old world appeared strange dishes, such as wheat and rye flour of Europe could add American corn flour with the addition of molasses and to obtain Boston rye bread.

The vast territory allows US to highlight their regional cuisine: South-Eastern Kentucky, Virginia, South-Western cuisine of Texas, new Mexico, cuisine of New England Connecticut, Vermont.

Cuisine of the southern United States

In the kitchen of the southern States dominated by chicken, including fried fried fried chicken, smoked barbecue pork, chicken beef, country-fried steak, a popular seafood, crab cakes Maryland crab cakes or soups she-crab soup, corn is used in various kinds of popular corn bread and pancakes.

New England Cuisine

There is also a popular seafood lobster clam chowder American soup made with clams and broth, with the addition of either milk, new England clam chowder, with tomatoes Manhattan clam chowder, add clams to the potatoes, onions, celery. Popular boiled corned beef with vegetables boiled dinner.

Despite the country’s reputation with the non-original kitchen on the planet, the USA is one of the true culinary capitals of the world. Many, many generations of immigrants from all over the world have brought their traditional cooking elements, forming numerous foci of dissemination of the national cuisine of a particular region. Kitchens USA is an alloy of different cultures and national traditions in the field of nutrition. It is based on the traditional food of the English colonists. Since the discovery of North America by Christopher Columbus here at different times moved the representatives of almost all Nations. Their customs and traditions contributed to the creation of national, or rather international, menu today’s America. Culinary traditions of different regions of the US can bear a strong imprint of the ethnic groups constituting the majority. The North-Eastern parts of the country, for example, clearly prefer national cuisine of Britain and other countries of Western Europe, in the southern States you can find a lot of Creole, African and Mediterranean elements in the South-Western and Western States dominates Mexican cuisine, and in the port cities of the West coast there are obvious elements of culinary art of France and the peoples of the Pacific. Often these traditions are a fantastic way mixed together, and the next door on the same table Greek wine and Chinese noodles or pizza and grilled sausages little surprises. Really abdemoulaie throughout the U.S. are, perhaps, only Italian, Chinese, Thai, Korean, Indian and Latin American cuisine.

Typical dishes and products

American Pizza — pizza with lots of meat (sausage, beef, etc p.), brownie a rectangular piece of chocolate cake rich brown, Chili con Carne — a spicy meat dish with the addition of chili, Chocolate Chip Cookies cookies with chocolate chips, Jambalaya — a dish of rice, meat and vegetables, muffin is a small cake, banana split ice cream with banana, whipped cream, sprinkled with nuts, peanut butter, Bagel – the American equivalent of a bagel, barbecue, steak, hamburger, mashed potatoes, maple syrup, ham, corn dog – corn dog from corn bread, corn bread, corn flakes, donuts, popcorn, Waldorf salad of sour-sweet apples, celery and walnuts, Caesar salad, sandwiches, sauce “Tabasco”, sauce “Thousand Islands”, the clam chowder (soup with clams), Tacos, pumpkin pie, Cheesecake, roast Turkey in the oven.

Daily diet

Everywhere you can find samples of simple and hearty food, cooking traditions which are inherited from the many recipes of the peoples of the Old world, primarily Europe. This includes already become a truly popular Italian pasta and pizza, noodles and various sauces, European bacon, sausages and scrambled eggs, and cosmopolitan types all sorts of BBQ or salads made of vegetables, various dairy products and juices. The Americans to their national dishes often include fried chicken (usually just cooked it in the oven, although the canonical option is baked on the coals or grill), roast beef blood, pork ribs, stuffed Turkey, meatloaf, fried or baked potatoes, baked beans, pancakes with maple syrup and Apple pie.

For Breakfast normally served traditional Breakfast cereal with milk, chips, granola, scrambled eggs with bacon and without, scones with jam, sometimes oatmeal or rice porridge (cereals in General are not very popular), fruit and vegetable salads, and fruit juice or coffee. Lunch (second Breakfast) and lunch is usually very light and include a variety of salads, fast food, coffee or sandwiches. But dinner is quite dense and diverse. Entrees are usually quite small - a lightweight (but dense!) soup or broth, as well as various vegetable and fruit salads large cutting. The second are the various steaks, roasts and burgers, all kinds of dishes from meat and poultry, sausages and seafood. And often all of the main dishes quite bland, as it uses a large amount of sauces, herbs and condiments, served separately.

Sauces and condiments. Ground chili is a popular spice in Tex-Mex cuisine, based on meat and pellet tortilla. “Fiery pepper” combined with garlic, onions and sometimes cumin. Of crucial importance is the sharpness of the mixture. In international cuisine for many years unchanged love using the sauces to the meals eaten with the fingers: satsa (spicy tomato) and guacamole (avocado sauce). Many American seasonings reminiscent of their style of traditional, classic picnic BBQ. Spicy, juicy and uncomplicated, they combine the sweetness of honey and a light aroma of smoked meat, which is infused with fragrant smoke trees — gingko North American Hickory or Mesquite wood. The basis of many American sauces-specialties is the ubiquitous ketchup. Among today’s trendy “chips” refers to honey, often used in combination with garlic and other spicy seasonings. Not surprisingly, if soon they will become fashionable pickles with honey.

Often with a main course served the indispensable glass of ice water, coke or juice (and in many places the cost even included in the price of main course). In any menu is usually presented and a wide choice of vegetarian dishes.

On the side, we definitely used all sorts of vegetables, primarily stewed beans, corn, asparagus, cauliflower, and potatoes in all forms. As a side dish almost not used rice, cereal and pasta - they often play the role of independent dishes. Also very little is consumed of bread and flour products (except, of course, scones, sandwiches and various burgers, but for them for dinner practically is). But there is an abundance of different desserts - fruit with whipped cream, cakes, cupcakes, cookies, candied fruits and nuts, donuts (donuts) and puddings of all kinds and thousands of recipes.

Drinks.

After dessert comes the series of cocktail, coffee, tea, fruit juice or fresh fruit, assortment of drinks consumed in reality is simply enormous. Tea is usually served cold and without sugar, but with lemon and ice or in the English style - with milk.

In the USA made a lot of alcoholic beverages, from high-quality California wine, first-class Bourbon and whiskey Central areas and is quite specific to a local beer or rum, which is boiled almost everywhere. Virtually all establishments available spirits imported from all parts of the Earth.

Traditions and peculiarities of nutrition of residents of the United States of America

Despite the country’s reputation with the non-original kitchen on the planet, the USA is one of the true culinary capitals of the world. Many, many generations of immigrants from all over the world have brought their traditional elements of cooking, creating multiple “centers” spread of national cuisine of a particular region. Kitchens USA is an alloy of different cultures and national traditions in the field of nutrition. It is based on the traditional food of the English colonists. Since the discovery of North America by Christopher Columbus here at different times moved the representatives of almost all Nations. Their customs and traditions contributed to the creation of national, or rather international, menu today’s America. Culinary traditions of different regions of the US can bear a strong imprint of the ethnic groups constituting the majority. The North-Eastern parts of the country, for example, clearly prefer national cuisine of Britain and other countries of Western Europe, in the southern States you can find a lot of Creole, African and Mediterranean elements in the South-Western and Western States dominates Mexican cuisine, and in the port cities of the West coast there are obvious elements of culinary art of France and the peoples of the Pacific. Often these traditions are a fantastic way mixed together, and the next door on the same table Greek wine and Chinese noodles or pizza and grilled sausages little surprises. Really abdemoulaie throughout the U.S. are, perhaps, only Italian, Chinese, Thai, Korean, Indian and Latin American cuisine.

Eating habits in different States

Ubiquitous salads: from the most simple (for example, fresh cucumbers or tomatoes) to multicomponent mixtures on proprietary vegetable-based.

Typical of southern States are deep-fried chicken (fried chicken), chicken of beef (country-fried steak), smoked pork (BBQ), pancakes, and bread from corn flour, crab and soup (she-crab soup) and cakes (Maryland crab cakes).

In the States of New England traditional boiled corned beef with vegetables (boiled dinner), fish dishes, lobster, clam chowder.

The table decoration in the Midwest are filet of beef, grilled, baked potato, chocolate cake. Strong influence on the cuisine of the Midwest Italian immigration (deep Chicago pizza, fried ravioli in St. Louis, etc.)

In the South-West of the country dominated by the synthesis of Mexican and American cuisine, called Tex-Mex cuisine, characteristic dishes are fajitas, tacos, burritos, Chile con carne stuffed sweet peppers and other dishes in Tex-Mex cuisine.

In the diet of Americans is widely used ice. Pitcher with ice — the usual attribute of the service in the restaurant. Popular iced tea (iced tea ). Beer is usually served cold in a chilled mug.

Text 3

Traditions and peculiarities of nutrition of residents of Canada

Culinary traditions of Canadian cuisine is heavily “involved” recipes of all Nations of the world, which is not surprising, immigrants from all continents of the planet brought with them their customs. The most common, of course, French, Anglo-Saxon and Italian cuisine, but often there are Chinese, Thai, Indian, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, and Mexican dishes. Recently all become more popular American snack “ fast food “, but along with their “dominance” begins the revival of the traditions of the indigenous inhabitants of the mainland Indians - athapaskan, the Mohawk, naskapi, Algonquin, attikamek, the mi’kmaq, abenaki, Huron, etc. of special note is the québec cuisine based on the recipes of French chefs. In the province of Nova Scotia is dominated by, naturally, the traditions of English, Scottish, Norwegian and Breton cuisine. In Canada still amazing cook almost all dishes, the recipes of which crossed the Atlantic and came here, once the French colony of Acadia, in conjunction with the first European settlers in the 16^th century.

Preference is given to dishes made of meat products - steaks, fish and meat. In General, people in Canada love dishes from natural meat – steaks, roasts, and other splint is set, and this shows the influence of Anglo-Saxon recipes. Popular dishes - “fillet brochette” - tapped or pressed onto a skewer and roasted on a spit pieces of cut sirloin, bacon, mushrooms and onions, grilled chicken, sturgeon, boiled venison, stewed with vegetables hare or rabbit, kidney pie, etc. as snacks most often served pate, pork, smoked herring and seafood, cheese. (In Canada, produce some varieties of cheese, such as cheddar.)

Text 4 Eating habits in Russia

In Russian it’s usual to have meals three times a day. There is breakfast, dinner and supper.

Neither breakfast nor its preperation usually takes much time. In Russia it’s not common to eat much for breakfast. A usual breakfast could include an omelette, sandwiches, corn flakes or something like that. But of course there are some traditional Russian dishes. For example sirniki. Sirniki is made from dough containing lots of cottage cheese and fried on a pan. They are usually served with sour cream and sugar. Blini and blinchiki are other common morning meals. Blini are practically the same as English pancakes. In Russia they are served with butter and sugar. Blinchiki are very thin blini. Of course they are made from other dough. The thinner the blinchiki are, the tastier they are. Besides there are blinchiki with stuffing. There is a plenty of different stuffing. For example blinchiki with cottage cheese, meat, jam. If you are in Russia on Maslenica (Shrovetide, Shrove Tuesday) you can try different kinds of blinchiki because on that holiday blinchiki are considered to be the main and necessary dish. Try blinchiki with caviar - the posh variant of the course. Russians really love caviar and serve it on many holidays.

But let’s go back to breakfast. Kasha (porridge) is another traditional dish for breakfast in Russia. You will find it on the table more often than sirniki or blinchiki because it’s much simpler to prepare. Not only porridge is popular but also cereal made from other different grains. Usually breakfast is accompanied with a cup of tea.

Dinner consists of several courses. From the times of Soviet cafeterias it’s common to call them first course, second course and third course. First course is a soup. Second course includes meat and garnish. A drink in Russia is called third course. It’s usually tea, coffee, juice or compote. Sometimes third course includes a dessert. The official time for dinner at work is usually from noon till 1 o’clock PM. At home, for example on the weekend, dinner is usually later – at three or four o’clock PM.

All family gathers together for supper and this is probably the longest and the nicest meal of the day. Supper usually starts near seven o’clock PM and can last for some hours. They discuss the latest events at the table and members of family share their emotions with each other. Guests are usually invited for supper. At supper you have a wonderful opportunity to discover Russian cuisine.

So what do Russians eat? At first shi of course. Shi is a soup made from meat, cabbage, carrot, potatoes, tomatoes and onion. Add some sour-cream to it and you’ll get a delicious taste. That’s something that helps Russians to warm during the cold winter. Maybe many people haven’t heard about shi before, but everybody knows borshch. In fact borshch is shi with beet. That’s the main difference between these soups. Borshch is more often related to courses of the Ukrainian cuisine.

There is also traditional salad in Russia. Ask any Russian what salad it is and he or she will answer you in a moment. This is olivye! Russians prepare it on every holiday. It has become a great tradition here. This salad is sometimes called Russian salad abroad. And the name “olivye” has a French origin. It’s strange but in Russia this salad is considered to be a course brought to Russia by a French man Olivye. Of course it’s hard to say if it’s true or not. Besides olivye doesn’t have any relation to the French cuisine. It is prepared from boiled chicken, potato, carrot, conserved peas, pickled cucumbers, onion and mayonnaise. It’s a little strange mixture of ingredients but try it anyway, and you’ll understand that it’s really very tasty.

Another dish of Russian cuisine containing a lot of ingredients, which at first sight don’t seem to suit each other, is okroshka. The word “okroshka” comes from the verb “kroshit” that in English means “to crumble”, “to cut”. So the name of the course speaks for itself because during its preparing many kinds of products are crumbled & cut.

The base of the course is kvass. Kvass is a traditional drink in Russia itself. Depending on what part of the country you visit you have an opportunity to try either dark or light kvass. And the fact that you like dark kvass still doesn’t mean that you’ll like the light one, because it tastes much different. All that you need to do is to add there boiled meat, eggs, potherb, cucumbers, radish, some milk and the soup is ready. Finally you get delicious cold soup which is the favorite dish of many Russian especially in the summer time. But okroshka has a very special taste so foreigners may not like it for the first time.

Beside soups, Russians have some other tasty things. Golubci and pelmeni are among them. They are popular in many countries abroad but you should try them in Russia because here they are the best.

Bread plays a very important role in the meal. Russians eat bread with practically all dishes. In Russia they cook light and dark bread. The colour of bread depends on the kind of flour is used for its preperation. In the past bread was baked in special ovens in the country. That bread has a wonderful taste and of course it can’t be compared with that bread which shops supply. Unfortunately this tradition is disappearing nowadays, although some elderly people continue baking bread and don’t buy it in the shops.

Among drinks Russians often like tea and vodka. Perhaps Russian climate which is famous by its cold weather influenced this choice of drinks. But when it’s warm Russians drink kvass and compote with pleasure.

What? Already hungry? So come to Russia as soon as you can! Yes, and don’t forget to say “Pryatnogo appetita!” at the table. It’s considered to be polite here to wish everyone ‘good appetite’.