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«Past Perfect Tense»
Past Perfect Tense
Прошедшее завершенное время
Автор:Газимагомедова Заира
РЦДО ДИ, г, Махачкала
Образование
I
He
She
It
You
We
They
had +V3
Употребление Past Perfect
Обозначает действие, которое уже совершилось до некоего момента в прошлом.
I called Jim too late, he had already left.
Я позвонил Джиму слишком поздно, он уже ушел.
Past Perfect представляет собой «предпрошедшее» время, поскольку оно выражает прошедшее действие по отношению к моменту, также являющемуся прошедшим. Этот момент может быть определен:
такими обозначениями времени, как
by five o’clockк пяти часам
by Saturdayк субботе
by the 15thof Decemberк 15 декабря
by the end of the yearк концу года
by that timeк тому времени и т. п.:
We had translated the article by five o’clock .
Мы (уже) перевели статью к пяти часам.
другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple:
Past Perfect
Past Simple
Present Simple
Future Simple
Lucy had cooked the dinner when Bob came home .
Люси (уже) приготовила обед, когда Боб пришел домой.
Указатели времени
by
before
2
Утвердительное предложение
By the end of the year he had learnt to speak French.
К концу года он (уже) научился говорить по-французски.
We examined the goods which they had sent us.
Мы осмотрели товары, которые они нам прислали.
Вопросительное предложение
Had he written a letter when I came in?
Он (уже) написал письмо, когда я вошел?
Had they come back by two o'clock yesterday?
Вчера они (уже) возвратились к двум часам?
Отрицательное предложение
Saturday
I had not read the book by Saturday .
Я еще не прочитал эту книгу к субботе.
When we called for Julia, she hadn’t yet got up.
Когда мы зашли за Джулией, она еще не встала (была в постели).
Test yourself
Упражнение 1
Insert the verbs in the Past Perfect tense. Вставьте глаголы в Past Perfect.
I ... (to have) breakfast before I went to school.
I … (not do) my homework.
By 8 o’clock the rain ... (to stop).
She went to the post-office after she ... (to write) the letter.
I apologized I … (not/phone) her.
He ... (to work) at the factory before he entered the college.
He got a bad mark for his test because he ... (to make) a lot of mistakes in it.
Mr. Jackson said that he … ( already/buy) everything for lunch.
John … (not play) the violin since he was school.
They ... (to marry) before they bought this house.
Упражнение 2
Say what action was done before. Combine the two sentences into one. Oпределите, какое действие произошло раньше. Объедините два предложения в одно, не меняя части местами. Используйте BEFORE.
Example : I sent a telegram. Then I met my friend. — I had sent a telegram before I met my friend.
The rain stopped. I went for a walk.
I did my homework. My mother returned home.
We met in the street. We went to the park.
They packed their things. Then they started.
I had dinner. I switched on the TV set.
He returned home. The guests left.
We came to the cinema. The film began.
I read the book. I saw the play.
They lived here. They moved to another place.
We played а game of tennis. We went to my place.
Упражнение 3
Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Simple и Past Perfect, обращая внимание на последовательность действий
Example : When my mum … (appear), my father already … (start) the car . – When my mum appeared, my father had already started the car.
(Когда мама появилась, мой папа уже завел машину.)
When the police … (arrive), we already … (catch) the thief.
Jack … (finish) the test before the bell … (ring).
When Anna … (come) to say good-night, her children already … (fall asleep).
Scott already … (prepare) the dinner when her husband … (get) home from work.
When Brad and Susan … (get married), they … (know) each other for 3 years.
She … (not enjoy) the film because she … (read) the book before.
Our apartment … (be) in a mess because I … (have) a birthday party the night before.
We … (not go) to a restaurant because we … (spend) all our money on clothes.
Mary … (can’t go) skating after she … (break) her leg.
Larry … (be late) because he … (get stuck) in a traffic jam.