Медицинское применение для 3D принтера

Medical Applications for 3D Printing

One of the most promising areas in the field of medicine is the use of 3D printers

for printing living tissues and organs and their subsequent transplantation.

Researching this topic I have independently equared new knowledge using various

sources of information. I want to find out if the 3D printing is good for medicine or

not. That’s why I’ve chosen this topic. In my presentation I’ll try to list the main

reasons for the use of 3D printing in medicine and show you all their pros and

cons.

Introduction

Medical applications for 3D printing are expanding rapidly and are expected to

revolutionize health care. Medical uses for 3D printing, both actual and potential,

can be organized by several broad categories, including: tissue and organ

fabrication; creation of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical models;

and pharmaceutical research regarding drug dosage forms, delivery, and

discovery. The application of 3D printing in medicine can provide many benefits,

including: the customization and personalization of medical products, drugs, and

equipment; cost-effectiveness; increased productivity; the democratization of

design and manufacturing; and enhanced collaboration

short description

The greatest advantage that 3D printers provide in medical applications is the

freedom to produce custom-made medical products and equipment.3 For example,

the use of 3D printing to customize prosthetics and implants can provide great

value for both patients and physicians.

“Fast” in 3D printing means that a product can be made within several hours. That

makes 3D printing technology much faster than traditional methods of making

items such as prosthetics and implants, which require milling, forging, and a long

delivery time.3 In addition to speed, other qualities, such as the resolution,

accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of 3D printing technologies, are also

improving.3

How does It work?

3D printing is the construction of a real object from a 3D model created on a

computer. Then the digital three-dimensional model is saved in the format of an

STL file, after which the 3D printer, to which the file for printing is output, forms

the real product.

The printing process itself is series of repetitive cycles associated with the

creation of three-dimensional models, drawing a layer of consumables on the

desktop (elevator) of the printer, moving the desktop down to the level of the

finished layer and removing waste from the surface of the table. 3D printing is carried out using various types of plastic. It comes in the form of threads wound on large spools. The thread is charged into the printer, which draws in and melts it so that the plastic becomes liquid and can be shaped.

Large-scale products using 3D printer

1

In July 2017, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich)

presented an artificial heart created using three-dimensional printing. An artificial

heart weighing of 390 grams and a volume of 679 cubic centimeters was printed.

Inflating and deflating, this camera simulates the contraction of the muscles of the

human heart and pumps blood. The heart was tested on fluids whose density is equal to the density of blood. It sustained 3,000 cuts. This will allow the artificial heart to work from 30 to 45 minutes. At the moment, the only source of transplant material is living people. This greatly limits the material base of transplant.

2

3D-printed neuroanatomical models can be particularly helpful to neurosurgeons

by providing a representation of some of the most complicated structures in the

human body. The intricate, sometimes obscured relationships between cranial

nerves, vessels, cerebral structures, and skull architecture can be difficult to

interpret based solely on radiographic 2D images.2 Even a small error in navigating this complex anatomy can have potentially devastating consequences.2 A realistic

3D model reflecting the relationship between a lesion and normal brain structures

can be helpful in determining the safest surgical corridor and can also be useful for

the neurosurgeon to rehearse challenging cases.2Complex spinal deformities can

also be studied better through the use of a 3D model.2 High-quality 3D anatomical

models with the right pathology for training doctors in performing colonoscopies

are also vital, since colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related

deaths in the U.S

This miracle was performed by surgeons from Ivanovo. Doctors rescued a child in

a car accident. A year and a half ago, the boy had a terrible accident. Severe

traumatic brain injury and immediately coma. This is the case when there is even

little chance to survive , not mentioning a complete recovery. It was necessary to

restore almost half of the skull. In fact, it was necessary to replace the crushed

bones of the skull with a titanium plate. Creating an exact copy manually is impossible even now. There was only one way out - to print. The creation of the plate took three weeks. A few years ago, in such situations, the patient needed dozens of expensive operations, the treatment was delayed for years. Now the boy has fully rehabilitated.

Diagram

A survey has been conducted for for people aged 20 to 40 years old.

2% of respondents abstained

70% of people think that 3D printing is a great new technology

27% prefer real materials then printed

Resume

In the process of working on this topic, I came to the conclusion that the 3d

printing has a number of advantages:

1 Time saving

2 The materials become cheaper

3High precision of 3D printing

4It is a solution to the problem that is lack of donors and material for transplantation of organs and tissues.

But there are also disadvantages :

1low physical strength of manufactured objects

2restrictions on the choice of materials (the ability to use only special types of

photopolymers)

Conclusion

3D printing has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of

different fields, including medicine.6 As printer performance, resolution, and

available materials have increased, so have the applications.6 Researchers continue

to improve existing medical applications that are used in 3D printing technology and to explore new ones.6 The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary

applications, such as organ printing need time to be evolved.3