At the beginning of XVI century Bukhara was a capital of Turkestan and being the capital came to play a very special role in the development Uzbek literature and the Uzbek language since Shaibanids. At the same time the Tajik literature grew and developed. The literary life of Bukhara of the XVII-XVIII centuries significantly progressed on democratic foundation. In the last decade of the 20th century the modern western and eastern philosophies are keenly aware of the changes and switches in the mentality, psychophysiology and world outlook of the countries of the world.