Презентация на урок по физике Ideal gas equation of state

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Ideal gas equation of state

Answer the questions.

• What is ideal gas?
• What are the conditions under which the gas can be considered ideal?
• What is concentration?
• Write down and explain the physical meaning of the basic equation of molecular kinetic theory.

• What parameters characterizing the gas and the processes taking place in it are called microscopic parameters (micro parameters)

Microparameters: m, d, v, E,

• What are the parameters characterizing the gas, and the processes taking place in it are called macroscopic parameters (macroparameters) ?
• If the state of the gas does not change, then these parameters do not change either. What are the
• macro parameters characterizing
• the gas?

• Temperature, volume, pressure and some other parameters are usually called gas state parameters ...
• Let us derive an equation that establishes the relationship between these parameters.

The equation of state for an ideal gas in the Clapeyron form

The equation of state for an ideal gas in the Clapeyron form

Clapeyron Benoit Paul Emile

• ( 26.I.1799–28.I.1864)
• French physicist, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1858). Graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris (1818). In 1820-30 he worked in Petersburg at the Institute of Railway Engineers.

Dmitry Mendeleev (8.II.1834-2.II.1907)

• Generalizing the Clapeyron equation,

in 1874 he derived the general equation of state for an ideal gas

The equation of state for an ideal gas in the form

Mendeleev-Clapeyron

The equation of state for an ideal gas in the form

Mendeleev-Clapeyron

Practical application of the equation of state:

1. In thermometers ...

• The equation allows one to determine one of the quantities characterizing the state if two other quantities are known

• It is used in thermometers

Questions

• 1. What are the normal conditions for an ideal gas?
• 2. What is the concentration of ideal gas molecules under normal conditions?
• 3. What quantities characterize the state of the gas?
• 4. What is the difference between the equation of state of a gas and the Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation? Which one is fuller in content? Why?
• 5. What is the universal gas constant equal to?

Tasks

• 1. How can the gas pressure change with a 4-fold decrease in its volume and a 1.5-fold increase in temperature?
• 2. Estimate the number of air molecules in a class at normal atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius?
• 3. What is the volume of one mole of gas under normal conditions?
• 4. Calculate the ratio of the product of pressure and volume to a given temperature, if the gas is under normal conditions

• Equation of state - the first of the remarkable generalizations in physics, with the help of which the properties of different substances are expressed in terms of the same basic quantities. This is precisely what physics strives for - to find general laws that do not depend on certain substances. Gases, essentially simple in nature, provided the first example of such a generalization.

Homework: § 53, problems 2.5 to § 53.