Разработка урока: "The Properties of Concrete"

Сабақ жоспары №4

План урока №4

Үйге тапсырма: выучить слова, правило, пересказ текста

Оқытушының қолы:

Ход урока

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Concrete must be hard, strong, durable, dense, non-porous, fire-resisting and economical.

Concrete has proved to be durable when made of good materials, well mixed, and properly cured. Failures can be found in concrete work, but the trouble is usually caused by poor material, faulty foundations, lack of knowledge of the properties of concrete or poor workmanship. For example, some cements will give better results in sea water than others. This fact had to be established by experience and experiments.

It is more difficult to secure durable reinforced concrete than mass concrete. This is due to the reinforcing steel and the additional water required to make the concrete flow around the steel bars. When moisture reaches the steel, it will rust and the expansion caused by the rust will crack the concrete, resulting in an unsightly structure and necessary repairs. In all structures exposed to the weather the reinforcing steel must be carefully placed and well secured so that it cannot be displaced while concreting. No metal should project to the surfaces. Small wires will soon cause rust spots on the surface of the concrete if they are exposed.

Concrete, to be durable, must be made of good materials, uniform in quality, mixed with a minimum amount of water, and properly placed and protected while curing. Concrete exposed to sea water and the rise and fall of water levels, especially in cold climates where ice forms on the structures, requires specials attention in the selection of the cement, aggregates, mixing, placing and curing.

With the use of dense aggregates the proportions which will produce the densest products are generally those which contain the maximum amount of coarse aggregate and still contain enough fine aggregate to produce a smooth surface. With porous aggregates used in the production of light weight units, the amount of material in the mix passing a 50-mesh sieve is generally limited and in addition more of the coarse aggregate is used to produce a unit of less density and lower weight. This is generally desirable for light weight units except where fire resistance or watertightness are important.

The strength of plain concrete depends upon the quality of the cement, the strength and character of the aggregate, the quantity of cement in a unit of volume, and the density of the concrete. Other things being equal the strongest concrete is that containing the largest amount of cement in a given volume of concrete, the strength of the concrete varying directly as the amount of cement. With a given quantity of cement in a unit of volume, the strongest concrete is that in which the aggregates are proportioned so as to give a concrete of the greatest density that is of the greatest weight per unit of volume. The strength of concrete also depends upon the methods used in mixing, upon the care taken in measuring the ingredients, and in mixing and placing the concrete. Concrete exposed to the air hardens more rapidly than protected concrete. The setting of cement is a chemical change brought about by the addition of water to the cement, the strength increasing very rapidly the first few days, after which the mixture slowly hardens and increases in strength.

Concrete has poor elastic and tensional properties, but it is strong in compression. Its tensile strength is only one-tenth of its compressive strength. The compressive strength of plain concrete varies between wide limits, depending upon the cement, the proportions of cement and aggregates, and the methods of mixing, and depositing, and the age.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) reinforced concrete; 6) fire resistance;

2) unsightly structure; 7) density of the concrete;

3) a minimum amount of water; 8) the strength of concrete;

4) a smooth surface; 9) addition of water;

5) light weight units; 10) tensional properties.

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What kind of concrete must it be?

2. When has concrete proved to be durable?

3. What is the trouble of concrete work caused by?

4. What concrete requires special attention in the selection of the cement, aggregates, mixing, placing and curing?

5. What does the strength of plain concrete depend upon?

6. What is the strongest concrete?

7. What concrete hardens more rapidly?

2. Объяснение конструкции there is/ there are.

Конструкция there is/ there are широко употребляется в английском языке для сообщения о наличии в данном месте какого - либо лица или предмета.

Данный оборот перечисляет то, что (или кто) имеется в интересующем вас месте. Тк сказать "опись имущества" или наличие живых существ. Слово there является здесь "фиктивным" подлежащим, переводить его на русский не надо; почему именно оно прижилось на этом месте - не так уж важно, так что надо выучить и привыкнуть.

Например:

There is a pen in the bag. - В сумке (есть, имеется, находится) ручка.

There are children in the room. - В комнате есть находятся дети

Обратите внимание!

При сообщении о наличии известного вам лица или предмета в определённом месте, нужно сказать:

The pen is in the bag - Ручка в сумке

The children are in the room- Дети в комнате

Отрицательные предложения:

There are desks in the classroom.

There aren't desks in the classroom.

Вопросительные предложения:

Is there a desk in the classroom? - Yes, there is