Подготовка и проведение дискуссии на тему "Дистационное обучение"

Тема «Дистанционное обучение».

Тип урока: комбинированный.

Учебные цели урока.

• Развитие навыков монологической и диалогической речи.

• Пополнение словарного запаса по теме «Образование в России и за рубежом».

• Совершенствование грамматических навыков

Развивающие цели:

1. Развитие критического мышления студентов, умения высказывать мнения и  делать выводы.

2. Развитие памяти и внимания.

3. Развитие умения вести дискуссию.

Воспитательные цели:

1. Воспитывать умения внимательно слушать и слышать своих товарищей.

2. Развитие навыков работы в команде. Формирование уважение к мнению товарищей.

3. формировать устойчивый интерес к изучению английского языка; чувство коллективизма и активную жизненную позицию.

Оснащение. Карточки с раздаточным материалом.

Используемая литература.

• Занина Е.Л. Английский язык. Эссе: темы и аргументы - Москва, Айрис Пресс, 2016

• Ягудена А.Р. Эссе по английскому на «отлично»- Ростов -на –Дону, Феникс, 2016

• Музланова Е.С. Английский язык. Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ «Письмо» АСТ Астрель, Москва, 2015

• Интернет - ресурсы

Ход урока

Сообщение темы урока и вступительная беседа.

Distant learning is considered by many a convenient and promising form of education. However its opponents say that it is no match for personal intellectual contact and development (тема написана на доске).

I.What kinds of distanсе learning do you know?

• Correspondence Learning: With correspondence learning, you receive your textbooks, study guides, assignments and other study materials via the post. You work through these materials in your own time and at your own pace. Depending on the institution through which you choose to study your course, you may be able to ask a tutor or instructor for help via e-mail, telephone, instant messaging, or post.

• Electronic Learning: Electronic learning, often referred to as e-learning, enables you to access your course material on a computer. CDs, DVDs, and computer-based applications can all be used to deliver e-learning courses.

• Online Learning: Online learning is a form of electronic learning that requires you to have access to the internet. Online learning is often more interactive than the other types of distance learning, as it allows you to communicate with tutors, instructors and fellow students in real time. With online learning, you might also be able to download your study material from the internet, submit your assignments via an online student portal, complete assessments online, attend webinars, and participate in virtual classes.

2.What do you now about Synchronous Distance Learning? 

Synchronous learning is where you take part in learning activities (such as webinars and virtual classes) simultaneously with your instructors and fellow students. 

3.What do you now about Asynchronous Distance Learning?

Asynchronous learning does not require you to participate in learning activities at the same time as your fellow students. Instead, you are given the opportunity to work through the course material at your own pace and according to your own schedule. Textbooks, e-mail and postal correspondence, virtual libraries, online databases, message boards, CDs and DVDs can all play an important role in the delivery of study material for asynchronous distance learning courses. 

4.What groups of students are usually involved in online learning?

Distance learning traditionally has focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military personnel, and nonresidents or individuals in remote regions who are unable to attend classroom lectures. However, distance learning has become an established part of the educational world, with trends pointing to ongoing growth. In U.S. higher education alone, more than 5.6 million university students were enrolled in at least one online course in the autumn of 2009, up from 1.6 million in 2002.

An increasing number of universities provide distance learning opportunities. A pioneer in the field is the University of Phoenix, which was founded in Arizona in 1976 and by the first decade of the 21st century had become the largest private school in the world, with more than 400,000 enrolled students. It was one of the earliest adopters of distance learning technology. A precise figure for the international enrollment in distance learning is unavailable, but the enrollment at two of the largest public universities that heavily utilize distance learning methods gives some indication: in the early 21st century the Indira Gandhi National Open University, headquartered in New Delhi, had an enrollment in excess of 1.5 million students, and the China Central Radio and TV University, headquartered in Beijing, had more than 500,000 students.

Students and institutions embrace distance learning with good reason. Universities benefit by adding students without having to construct classrooms and housing, and students reap the advantages of being able to work where and when they choose. Public-school systems offer specialty courses such as small-enrollment languages and Advanced Placement classes without having to set up multiple classrooms. In addition, homeschooled students gain access to centralized instruction.

II.Подготовка к дискуссии.

1. Работа с лексикой по теме «Дистанционное обучение».

2. Чтение и перевод коротких текстов.

3. Работа с лексикой по теме «Направляемый диалог»

III. Проведение дискуссии.

1.Приветствие и сообщение темы дискуссии.

Good morning / afternoon / evening.

Is everybody ready to begin? Why don’t we get started?

We’re here today to talk about pros and cons of distance learning.

The purpose / goal of this discussion is decide if this method can be the perfect alternative to traditional education.

2.Представление участников дискусси.

Why don’t you introduce yourselves?

3.Начало дискуссии.

Mary / Andrew, would you like to begin? или

Who would like to begin?

Time saving.

St.1.A Well, let me start. It is general knowledge that distance education is a brilliant possibility for many people to study from home or work. There are several reasons for it.

First of all it’s time saving because it does not require commuting. There’s no time wasted on going to and from college, no time wasted waiting for a bus or train. When you learn online, your classroom is right in your room - the study material on your computer. Secondly, you don’t have to go to the library because you can download your course from the internet. This, furthermore, saves your travel time and helps you utilize time in the best possible way.

Complicated technology.

St.1.D There are some problems related to online education.

One of them is adaptability to new technologies. If a student is not computer and tech savvy, his learning experience can be dissatisfactory. Not every student knows how to attend virtual classrooms well. Some learners may also be afraid of technology or dislike it.

On the other hand, overdependence on technology can be a major drawback in distance learning mode of education, especially when the learning takes place in an online environment. Any malfunctioning software or hardware can bring an ongoing class to a standstill and interrupt the learning process. So, the performance of distance learning programs through the Internet cannot be guaranteed. Similarly, both the instructors and students involved in distance learning may often need to make sacrifices to get things done in time.

For these reasons many teachers are reluctant to switch from the traditional methods of teaching to technology-oriented approaches.

Money saving.

St.2.A You can save money: For any given program, the fee of a distance education degree (online or otherwise) may be much more affordable than the fee of a regular on-campus degree. Students who are looking for economically viable options can go for a distance learning program.

Most of the courses turn out to be cheaper through distance learning as opposed to attending a traditional college. You can study at home without paying unnecessary costs for classrooms, boards .

and transportation. Apparently, the cost of studying a course at a university is three to four times more than the tuition fee for distance learning programs.

Simultaneously, You gain extra knowledge about working online .  You can transfer the computer and Internet skills that you'll obtain in the process of your distance learning experience to other aspects of your life.

Hidden costs

St.2.D Although the cost of a distance education program is usually cheaper than a regular program, there can be hidden costs involved. For example, if your distance learning course is offered online, you might have some initial expenses like installing a computer and getting a reliable Internet connection. You may need to buy additional resources such as a printer, a web camera and so forth. Some expenses might be recurring/ regular, like maintenance and electricity costs.

Thus, starting a high-tech distance learning programs still can be expensive.

You can study at your convenience.

St.3.A You can complete most of the classes at your convenience. Most of the classes are asynchronous, which means you don't have to attend a lecture at a particular time and place. You can review the assignments and do your homework during off-hours or from home.

In other words, You can study whenever, wherever it is convenient for you. Except in scenarios where you have to attend an online tutorial at a given time or a lecture through videoconferencing, you can pretty much study whenever you want to, wherever you choose to. You need not be stuck in a classroom, but can go and study in your garden, your own room. Irrespective of whether you're a morning lark or a night owl, you can choose an optimum time to study whenever you're at your productive best.

The educational information is stored electronically, thus learners with access to the site can download or use the information as long as it is stored there. This makes it easy for learners to work at their own place and to visit the site as frequently as they like.

What is more, working independently, without distractions from others, will keep the student more focused on their studies.

Lack of valuable communication.

St.3.D  Not everyone is an ideal candidate for online learning. In most cases students involved in distance learning do not get the practice of verbal interaction with professors and other students. Sharing ideas between students and their teachers are limited.Although you may have an allocated tutor, this contact may be minimal, so feedback will be restricted to notes concerning submitted coursework. This is one of the major disadvantages of distance learning

Many students work better with other people around.

If you are one of the students who prefer interacting with teachers and seeking their attention, then distance learning is probably not your choice, as you cannot interact with teachers as well as with other fellow students. While interactions enhance critical thinking and problem-solving skills, distance education largely lacks this advantage. Though many distance learning sites have developed online forums or chat rooms, this is only a partial substitute, which cannot be compared with college classrooms.

Although distance education is very flexible and convenient, it still cannot provide the ‘college experience.’ Working with other learners, being part of a total educational environment, and collaborate closely with academic mentors is still valuable to many learners.

Nothing can be compared to the beauty of the college campus and the college spirit. All these experiences of a traditional college are excluded from distance education courses.

Self-paced learning.

St.4A It can be confidently said that using this method You can learn at your own pace ,in other words it is for   slow and quick learners. Needless to say that it reduces stress especially for low achieving students.

Sometimes it can be quite embarrassing for students to grasp a concept in class. Some students are too shy to raise their doubts in class. Distance education comes to rescue here! If you have any doubts or questions , there are discussion forums, chat facilities with the faculty and complete support from the distance education provider.

Finally, since you are given all course work beforehand, you can study as much or as little as you want every day, as long as you complete your study material within the stipulated time.

In a word, working at your own pace takes the pressure and strain out of learning and encourages a student to develop their skills in a way they are comfortable doing. Learning only the things they need to know will also keep the student more focused on their learning, and motivated to complete the coursework.

Lack of immediate feedback and poor motivation.

St.4D Distance learning does not always offer immediate feedback. This format isn’t ideal for all learners.

As far as I know, in a traditional classroom setting, a student's performance can be immediately assessed through questions and informal testing. With distance learning, a student has to wait for feedback until the instructor has reviewed their work and responded to it.

Not everyone can be well suited to distance learning programs. Successful participants must be highly motivated and self-disciplined. Otherwise it may become a problem for students who lack self-discipline.

If you come across students who have studied through distance learning, you will find they often complain of staying motivated, without attending a class every day. Since most distance learning courses are self-paced, it becomes tremendously difficult to stay motivated, allowing one to easily lose inspiration and desire to study further. Hence, dropout rates for distance learning are exceptionally high.

Living in remote areas.

St.5A You don't have to live in the same city or the same country to attend the learning institution of your choice. You can study wherever you have access to a computer and Internet connection. Online education gives the opportunity for everyone regardless of his nationality and place of residence to obtain a diploma of any university anywhere in the world.

As an example I would like to speak about distance education New York to China. For the Chinese learner taking classes in English from instructors in the United States there are some particular advantages. First of all, it saves money for the learners that would be spent on travel and lodging. Secondly, they don’t have to overcome difficulties in obtaining visa for educational travel. Lastly, it helps to overcome the sense of disorientation for the Chinese learner living in the United States or Europe. The learner remains within the home environment while gradually learning the language and content materials and developing language skills, technical skills, research skills and educational proficiency.

So, on-line education gives equal opportunities for education regardless of place of living, health and material status.

Quality of faculty compromised

 St.5D. Often considered to be the lesser cousin of regular education, distance education is often plagued by lack of enough good quality faculty members. In other cases, even if the instructor is good, he or she may not be comfortable with teaching in an online environment. Sometimes the technology might not do full justice to the delivery and design of the course. A student loses out in all these scenarios. Distance education providers should realise that it is not the technology, but good and effective teachers that teach students.

Work/family along with studies

St.6.A You can pursue a job along with studies: A lot of students who actually choose to study online are those who don't want to give up their jobs but want a higher education, too. Distance education comes as a blessing for such students. You can study on the weekends, when you're back from work or even in the middle of the night. You get to learn while you earn!

Keeping your job gives you more income, experience and stability while completing your degree giving you less to worry about and more time to focus on your studies.

A majority of distance learning students are female and many are single parents who want to stay close to home for various reasons. They might not be able to afford child care or must care for a confined relative at home. Other students are physically disabled and cannot easily travel to campus.

Some do not have the time, money, or educational background to come to campus.

You don't have to spend time and effort gaining access to a classroom or sitting on uncomfortable desks. Instead, you can use your comfortable furniture in your home while enjoying free movement and a chance to further your education.

Distance learning makes it much easier for some students to complete a degree or get additional job-training while balancing work and family commitments.

Chances of distraction high

St.6.D With no faculty around for face-to-face interaction and no classmates who can help with constant reminders about pending assignments, the chances of getting distracted and losing track of deadlines are high. You need to keep yourself motivated and focused if you want to successfully complete your distance learning course. Distance education is not a good idea if you tend to procrastinate and can't stick to deadlines. If you are not self-disciplined and self-motivated, the best benefit for you is to choose a regular program. 
With more flexibility comes more responsibility on the part of the learner. Students must learn to work well independently and without the constant guidance and monitoring of an instructor, making distance learning a challenge for those who are not easily selfmotivated

Gaining recognition among employers

St.7.A Distance education over the years has finally found some acceptance and recognition among employers, which is an encouraging sign. As long as the distance learning program is accredited, you need not be worried. In India, all distance education programmes that are approved by the Distance Education Council (DEC) stand automatically recognized for the purpose of employment to posts and services under the Central Government. Private sector employers also value a distance education degree now, and even encourage employees to pursue higher education along with their job so that employees can develop skills and expertise in their field of work.

Lack of reliability

St.7.D Distance learning degrees may not be acknowledged by all employers because of Questionable credibility of degrees. Although most employers do acknowledge distance learning, certain employers do not. Students who want to work for a specific employer upon graduation should be sure of that employer's perspective about online education.

Actually, even though distance and online education is starting to get recognition, there are still a lot of fraudulent and non-accredited degrees being offered. With the increase in the number of distance/online programs, the number of scam operators are also rising. This affects the credibility of the recognised distance learning degrees among prospective employers.

The wide choice of programs and studying materials.

St.8.A There are many web sites providing plentiful distance education resources, and the potential learners can link to each resource mentioned. There are Numerous choices for schools. Even if you live in a community with few or no colleges distance learning allows you to choose from a wide variety of schools to complete your education. You may find online schools that specialize in your particular field or one that can provide a great general education. Either way, your options for education will be greatly expanded.

When the learner links to the Web site that he is interested in, he can see the goal, content, policy, and tuition of the educational programs.

On the other hand, the Web can provide learning information in many different interesting formats. It can present information in sound bits, such as music, voice or special effects. Graphics may be also presented in a special type of artwork such as animation or video.

Furthermore, through the Internet, the distance learning community can access hundreds of libraries and databases. It is very convenient.

Distance learning does not always offer all the necessary courses online.

St.8.D

Students pursuing a specific certificate or degree program may not have all the necessary courses available through distance learning so it is not suited for all subjects. While you can study a history lesson completely online, you cannot perform nursing clinicals online. because it is not possible to have a practical classes or experiments to be conducted over the internet because part of the degree is learning to work directly with patients.

Фразы для ведения дискуссии.

What do you think / suggest?

What’s your opinion of?

Do you have anything to add?

Yes, I see what you mean, but let’s see what some of the others have to say about this.

I think you’ve got a point here. Can we hear what some others think about this?

1. Завершение дискуссии.

I’m afraid that we’ll have to end here/Unfortunately, we’ve ran out of time/Excuse me, it looks like our time is up.

to summarize, we agreed/decided that online learning can be alternative to traditional education but cannot replace it.Its growing popularity in the future is evident but there will always be its opponents who prefer face-to-face interaction.

We must realize that distance education might not be the best choice for every student, but understanding its advantages and drawbacks can help you decide if distance learning is right for you.

Well, we weren’t able to make a clear final decision, but i think that we accomplished a lot today. thank you all for coming/’d like to thank you all for your cooperation.

Речевые клише для ведения беседы

Как выразить личное мнение.

In my opinion... По моему мнению... The way I see it... С моей точки зрения... In my experience... По моему опыту... As far as I’m concerned... Насколько я понимаю... To tell the truth... / Frankly speaking... Честно говоря... According to Mr. Smith... Как говорит мистер Смит... If you ask me... Лично я считаю... Personally, I think... Лично я думаю... Speaking for myself... По-моему... I’d say that... Я бы сказал, что... I’d suggest that... Я бы предположил, что... I’d like to point out that... Я бы хотел упомянуть о том, что... I believe that... Я считаю, что... / Я верю, что... What I mean is... Я имею в виду, что... To my mind... На мой взгляд... From my point of view... С моей точки зрения... My opinion is that... Мое мнение состоит в том, что... I hold the opinion that... Я придерживаюсь мнения, что... I guess that... Я считаю, что... It goes without saying that... Само собой разумеется, что... It seems to me that... Мне кажется, что..

Как не согласиться с мнением собеседника.

I agree with you one hundred percent. Я согласен с тобой/Вами на сто процентов. I couldn’t agree with you more. Я с тобой/Вами полностью согласен. You’re absolutely right. Вы абсолютно правы. Absolutely. Абсолютно верно. Exactly. Точно. No doubt about it. Несомненно. I suppose so. / I guess so. Полагаю, что так. (есть небольшая доля неуверенности) I was just going to say that. Я как раз собирался это сказать. That is exactly what I think. Это именно то, что я думаю по этому поводу. / Я думаю именно так. I agree with you entirely. / I totally agree with you. Я полностью согласен с тобой/Вами. I am of the same opinion. Я того же мнения.

Как не согласиться с мнением собеседника.

I’m afraid I disagree. Я боюсь, я не согласен. That’s not really how I see it, I’m afraid. Я боюсь, я вижу это несколько иначе. I’m afraid I have to disagree. Я боюсь, я вынужден не согласиться. I’m sorry to disagree with you but... Мне жаль, что я не согласен с Вами, но... Yes, but don’t you think... Да, но не думаете ли Вы... The problem is that... Проблема в том... With all due respect... При всем уважении... I am of a different opinion because... У меня другое мнение, потому что... On the whole I agree with you but... В общем я согласен с Вами, но... I see what you mean but have you thought about... Я понимаю, что Вы имеете в виду, но Вы не думали, что... I see your point but... Я понимаю, что Вы имеете в виду,но... I agree to some extent but... В некоторой мере я согласен, но... No way. I completely disagree with you. Ни в коем случае. Я абсолютно не согласен с тобой. I can’t share this view. Я не могу разделить твою точку зрения. I can’t agree with this idea. Я не могу согласиться с этой идеей. That’s not always true. / That’s not always the case. Это не всегда верно. I don’t think so. Я так не думаю. I have my own thoughts about that. У меня есть свои мысли насчет этого. I totally disagree. Я категорически не согласен.

IV.Подведение итогов урока и задание на дом.

Написание эссе на тему «Частные и общественные школы».

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