Учебное пособие для развития навыков устной речи.Английский язык 6 класс

Учебное пособие для развития навыков устной речи

6 класс

Государственное общеобразовательное учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа №80 с углублëнным изучением английского языка Петроградского района

Санкт-Петербург

2013

Содержание:

1. More About British And Russian Traditions

2. Continents And Countries

3. Animals In Danger

4. The Earth Is In Danger

5. The Land And The People Of The UK

6. The Queen And Parliament

7. The British Way Of Life

8. Health And Body Care

9. Popular British Sports And Games

Topic 1

More About British And Russian Traditions

Every nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. In Britain traditions play a more important role in the life of people than in other countries. They say British people are very conservative. They are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. But when we speak about British traditions we always remember that there are four parts in Britain-England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Traditions are different in these parts of the country.

You already know some of the English traditions and holidays. We hope you remember St. Valentine’s Day, St. Patrick’s Day, Halloween which have also become traditional American holidays. Here are some more facts about old English traditions.

The ravens are one of the most famous sights at the Tower of London. They have lived in the Tower from its very beginning, over 900 years ago and as one of the old English legends says, only so long as they are here will the Tower stand. If the ravens leave the Tower of London, the Crown and England will fall. One can say the ravens hold the power of the Crown itself. But the birds have never left the Tower. In the 17^th century King Charles II ordered that six ravens should always live in the Tower of London and since then they have been under Royal protection. The ravens are black. Each raven has got its name and the keepers carefully look after them. If one of the birds dies, another younger raven takes its place. Londoners believe this legend and though they shouldn’t bring food to give to the birds when they come to the Tower. The keepers cut the birds’ wings a bit as they are afraid that they may fly away.

Another old English custom is Guy Fawkes’ Day. As it gets dark on the 5^th of November (and before) children go out the streets with a figure like a scarecrow. They stand in the streets and squares asking for “a Penny for the Guy”. Then with the money they have collected they buy fireworks and burn the guy (the figure like a scarecrow) on their bonfire.

People watch the fireworks and some people go to the parties in the evening.

People in Russia have their own special traditions. One of them is Maslenitsa-the holiday which lasts for a week, to say goodbye to winter. People celebrate it at the end of February or at the beginning of March. During this holiday they celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring. In old times people usually cooked pancakes, had fires, burnt straw figures of winter, they sang songs and danced. Now during “Maslenitsa week” people always cook pancakes. They invite their friends, their nearest and dearest, to see each other and eat pancakes with sour cream, fish, caviar or butter, sugar, honey.

Though different countries have different traditions and holidays people all over the world know some of them. They are- Easter, Christmas and New Year.

1. More about British and Russian Traditions.

Questions:

1. Do the traditions in Britain play a more important role in the life of people than in other countries?

2. What should we remember when we speak about British traditions?

3. How long have the ravens lived in the Tower?

4. What does the legend about the ravens say?

5. Who ordered that six ravens should live in the Tower?

6. What do people do on Guy Fawkes’Day?

7. How did Russian people celebrate Maslenitsa in old times?

8. How do they celebrate it now?

9. What holidays are known all over the world?

Topic 2

Continents And Countries

The planet we live on is the Earth. The Earth is round. If you look at the Earth from space you will be able to see land, seas, oceans, continents and even countries. Sometimes you can see them through clouds. They look very beautiful when the sun rises or sets.

There are four oceans and six continents. The continents are Europe and Asia, Africa, America, Australia, Antarctic. America consists of North America and South America. The continents are very large. Oceans and seas wash them and separate them from each other. There are usually many countries on each continent. For example, there are more than 40 countries in Africa, but there is only one large country in Australia. It has got almost the same name as the continent. Australia is a very big country, but some countries are small. Iceland is a very small country. It is situated on an island to the north of Europe. Let’s name some countries from each continent: Russia, Great Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Italy are in Europe. China, India, Vietnam are in Asia. Canada and the United States are in America. Egypt is an African country.

The largest country in the world is Russia. The smallest country is the Vatican .All the countries have interesting people, places, animals and plants.

People of different nationalities live in these countries. They speak different languages. You can hear Spanish in Spain and many countries of South America .French is spoken not only in France but also in many countries of Europe and Africa, for example Belgium and Morocco. Swedish is spoken only in Sweden. Such languages as Japanese, Norwegian and Hungarian are not widely spread. The real international language is English. Millions of people all over the world speak English. If you are fond of travelling you have to know English.

The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes. Each country has its national flag, anthem and its own traditions and customs. Some countries and continents are famous for ‘the world’s biggest’ rivers, mountains or waterfalls. The longest river is the Nile river in the Northeast Africa, 4160 miles.

The highest waterfall is in Venezuela, it’s 3300 feet high. The highest mountain is Mount Everest in India, which is 8848 m high. The longest river in Europe is the Volga. Its length is 3530 km. The largest continent is Asia, with an area of 43 million sq km.

1. Continents and Countries. Questions:

1. What is the name of the planet we live on?

2. What can you see if you look at the Earth from space?

3. How many oceans and continents are there on our planet?

4. What are the continents?

5. What separates the continents from each other?

6. How many countries are there on each continent?

7. What are the largest and the smallest country?

8. Name some countries from each continent.

9. What does each country in the world have?

Topic 3

Animals In Danger.

People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents in different countries. People depend on their planet, on the sun, on animals and plants around them.

Many animals and birds on the Earth are disappearing. Many of them are in danger. Indian tigers and African elephants are among them. People have hunted and killed many tigers in India and a lot of elephants in Africa. Why?

Tigers and elephants are often dangerous animals. Tigers can kill cows, sheep, other domestic animals and sometimes they also can kill man. Some people are afraid of tigers and kill them to save their domestic animals and their lives. But some people have often hunted tigers for fun and for their beautiful skin. They can easily sell the skin and get a lot of money as the prices are high.

The result is very sad. There are few Indian tigers left on the Earth now. Many of them are old, sick animals. Most tigers don’t hunt people nowadays, but hide from them in deep, dark forests. Or they rather hid there earlier, because there aren’t many forests for tigers nowadays. People have cut down many trees. And the question is:”Have those animals got a future?”

We can ask the same question about African elephants. They are wonderful animals. They can help men. In the 19th century Africa was full of elephants. But these days there are not many of them except in African parks.

This is the sad story of Indian tigers and African elephants. But many less dangerous wild animals and birds are also disappearing from the Earth. Modern life is bad for them. The air is not fresh. The water is not clean. They don’t often have good things to eat and space to live. You can find their names in the Red Book. You can find the names of some fish there too. People must take special care of them all.

We must save wild animals.

We must find the right balance between land, people and animals.

We must take care of nature.

1. Animals in Danger. Questions:

1. People depend on the planet, on the sun, on animals and plants, don’t they?

2. Are animals and birds in danger?

3. What animals for example are disappearing?

4. Why do people hunt tigers?

5. What is the result of killing animals?

6. What can you say about African elephants?

7. Are only Indian tigers and African elephants in danger nowadays?

8. Is modern life good or bad for birds and animals?

9. What must people do to save the animals?

Topic 4

The Earth Is In Danger

April 22 is Earth Day. People all over the world think about our planet. They think about air, water, plants and animals on the Earth. They say our planet is in danger. Many people do not know how to protect wild animals and plants, how to keep water clean and the air fresh. But they are ready to do it. They try and help nature.

Water is very important for life on Earth. It is in our oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. There is a lot of water on our planet and at the same time there is little water on it. This is because very little water on Earth is good for drinking. In many rivers and lakes the water is very dirty. Sometimes people cannot swim even in the sea because the sea and the seaside are not clean. In many places the water is not drinkable and it is dangerous to use it when you cook. Even fish die in such water.

For example Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake on Earth. It is 1741metres deep. The lake is very beautiful but now it is in great danger, because of the factories which are near it. In some places the water in the lake is so dirty that it kills the animals and the plants in Baikal and around it.

The way people live has changed the climate on our planet. Nowadays the temperature is rising. You do not have real Russian winter in Moscow any more. In the north of Europe the climate has become milder and warmer too.

If the temperature grows by 3-4 degrees it will become more difficult to live on our planet.

Some people’s activities do a lot of harm to the forests. People cut down trees to build farms, homes and roads. Many animals and plants lose their homes. This is bad for the Earth’s air too. Modern plants and factories send a lot of smoke into the atmosphere. This is also very bad, because nowadays it’s difficult to breathe in big cities.

So, the problem now is to protect life on Earth, and to save our planet to the future.

1. The Earth is in Danger. Questions:

1. When is the Earth day? What do people do on this day?

2. Do people know how to protect nature? Are they ready to do this?

3. How much water on the Earth is good for drinking?

4. Is Lake Baikal in danger now? Why?

5. What changed the climate on our planet? Is it dangerous?

6. How do people do harm to the forests? Is it bad?

7. Modern plants and factories send a lot of smoke into the atmosphere, don’t they?

8. Must we protect our planet?

Topic 5

The Land And The People Of Great Britain.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is the official name of the state which is situated in the British Isles. Thus, Great Britain is often the same as “Britain” and refers only to Scotland, England and Wales. The “United Kingdom”, or the “UK” includes Northern Ireland. It consists of four countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. You can see them on the map. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

The UK is an Island state. The two main islands are Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland. Northern Ireland and the independent Irish Republic are there. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.

The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Straights of Dover. Once the British Isles used to be the part of the continent. The nearest point to Europe is the Straights of Dover. The UK is also washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the North and the North Sea in the East.

Everyone who was born in Britain is British. People from England are English .People from Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland are not English. They are Scottish or Scots; Welsh and Irish. People from Scotland or Wales don’t like it when they are called English but they are British.

More than 56 million people live in Britain. Many of them live in big industrial cities like London. Manchester and Liverpool, for example, are big industrial cities in the centre of England. But foreigners are often surprised by the fact that much of the land in Britain is open country. There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes and farmlands especially in the South of the country.

Everyone in Britain speaks English, but in some parts of Scotland and Wales people speak different languages as well. The Welsh are especially proud of their language. They like to speak Welsh, to sing songs in Welsh and when you travel you can see road signs in Welsh all over Wales.

Everyone in UK speaks English but they all speak it differently. A Scottish person has to listen carefully if he wants to understand a Londoner or a Welsh person.

As you know, the flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of three crosses: the cross of St. George (the patron saint of England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland).

1. The Land and the People of Great Britain. Questions:

1. What is the official name of the country situated in the British Isles?

2. What does the “UK” consist of?

3. Is the UK an island state? What are the islands?

4. By what is the UK separated from the channel?

5. How do we call people who were born in Britain? England? Scotland? Wales? Northern Ireland?

6. How many people are there in Britain? Do they live in big cities?

7. Much of the land in Britain is open country, isn’t it?

8. What languages do people from Britain speak?

9. What can you say about the Union Jack?

Topic 6

The Queen and Parliament.

It is rather difficult to understand the British way of ruling the country. In Britain the Queen is the Head of State, but in fact she doesn’t rule the country as she has no power. The Queen is the symbol of the country, its history and its traditions. She is very rich. She travels about the United Kingdom, meets different people and visits schools, hospitals and other special places. So do all the members of the Royal Family: the Queen’s husband, her son Prince Charles, the Queen’s daughter Princess Anne and Princess Margaret, the Queen’s sister.

At the beginning of the 20th century many countries all over the world were ruled by Britain. Among them were the British colonies and they were all part of the British Empire. India, Pakistan and Ceylon, for example, were also part of the Empire. Now these countries are independent states. But in 1949 Britain and the former colonies founded the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth includes many countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also the Head of the Commonwealth and the Queen of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government. The British Parliament has two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords does not have much power but it is very important as it can discuss and change laws, it can delay laws too. The House of Commons makes laws about the policy of the country, taxes and many other things.

The members of the House of Lords are not elected, they are selected. These members are permanent. They are often aristocrats, people of the church, lawyers and former politicians or life peers.

The members of the House of Commons are elected. The British people elect 650 members of the House of Commons every five years.

1. The Queen and the Parliament. Questions:

1. Does the Queen of Britain rule the country?

2. What does she and the members of her family do?

3. What countries were included into the British Empire at the beginning of the 20^th century?

4. What is the Commonwealth?

5. Who has the real power in the country?

6. What can you say about the British Parliament?

7. What does the House of Lords do? Are its members elected or selected?

8. What does the House of Commons do? Are its members elected or selected?

9. How often do the British people elect members of the House of Commons?

Topic 7

The British Way Of Life.

Here are some facts about the British way if you want to compare it with life on the continent.

In England many things are the other way round. On the continent people seldom speak about the weather. If they do, it usually means they have no other topics to discuss. In England, if you don’t repeat the phrase” It’s a nice day today, isn’t it?” two hundred times a day people are surprised and think that you are very dull. On the continent Sunday papers appear on Monday; in England (the country is really hard to understand) they appear on Sunday. On the continent, some people like cats, others don’t but in England cats are very special animals. Everyone loves them and takes care of them.

On the continent people are proud of the things they know. They try to show off their knowledge and often quote Greek and Latin writers. In England only those who don’t know them or who haven’t read them do it.

You can offend people on the continent in many ways, for example, if you laugh at them or make jokes about their life and work.

But the English accept everything with the sense of humour. You can offend them only if you tell them they have no sense of humour.

People on the continent either tell you the truth or lie, in England they hardly ever lie, but they don’t tell you the truth either.

On Sundays on the continent even the poorest person puts on his best suit and tries to look nice and respectable. In England even the richest man dresses in some old clothes and doesn’t shave.

Many continentals think life is a game; the English think cricket is a game. On the continent people have good food. In England people have good table manners.

Table Manners:

1. You should sit up straight.

2. You shouldn’t eat with your fingers.

3. You shouldn’t put your elbows on the table.

4. You should put your dirty knife, spoon and fork on your plate.

5. You shouldn’t talk with your mouth full.

6. You shouldn’t lick your fingers.

7. You should say “Thank you” after the meal.

1. The British way of Life. Questions:

1. In England many things are other way round, aren’t they?

2. Do people often speak about the weather in England?

3. When do Sunday papers appear in England?

4. Do the Englishmen like cats?

5. Do the Englishmen try to show off their knowledge?

6. How can you offend an Englishmen?

7. Do the Englishmen lie?

8. What do they do on Sundays?

Topic 8

Health and Body Care.

Millions of people all over the world want to be strong and healthy, but some don’t know how to do it. There are some good rules which help people to be healthy, to keep fit. You should get up early and go to bed early, take regular exercises, take a cold shower, eat healthy food, you shouldn’t smoke and drink alcohol.

But people’s health depends on the place they live. People who live in big cities breathe air and drink water which are not very clean. Our plants and factories, many kinds of transport in big cities pollute water and atmosphere. People must find the right balance between modern life and nature and protect their health.

Sometimes people are ill. The most widespread illnesses are a cold and a flu. If you catch a cold or a flu you usually have a headache, a sore throat, it is difficult for you to breathe and to swallow, you cough and sneeze, you have a high temperature. Sometimes you have a pain in your legs or a stomachache. If you have such symptoms you should stay in bed and call the doctor. When the doctor comes he asks the patient how he feels and examines him. The doctor usually takes your pulse, temperature and blood pressure, listens to your lungs and chest, examines your throat and tongue. The doctor prescribes you some medicine and tells to stay in bed for some days. You should drink warm milk with butter and honey. When you recover you should go to the doctor and he will allow you to go to school.

Almost all the people sometimes catch a cold or a flu. But people suffer from many illnesses. If people often have a stomachache they should keep to a diet, for example to eat a lot of dairy products, fruit and vegetables. Some people are on a diet without sugar, salt, meat or bread. Sometimes people break their legs or arms. Old people often have a pain in their hearts and it is very dangerous.

Two months ago I broke my arm when I played volleyball. I fell down and suddenly felt a strong pain in my arm. Mother took me to the doctor. He examined my arm carefully and bandaged it. I couldn’t move my arm during two weeks.

1. Health and Body Care. Questions:

1) Do all people know how to be strong and healthy?

2) Which rules help people to be healthy, to keep fit?

3) What does people’s health depend on?

4) Why is it important to find the right balance between modern life and nature?

5) What are the most widespread illnesses?

6) What does the doctor do when he comes to the patient?

7) Why should some people keep to a diet?

8) What diets do people keep to? (give the examples)

9) What do old people often suffer from?

Topic 9

Popular British Sports And Games.

The British people like everyone else like sports and games. But if they are asked to name their favourite sport they will probably name football, cricket and tennis, though many of them go in for such sports as golf and hockey, athletics and climbing, horse-riding and boating, rugby and rowing.

Britain invented and developed many of the sports and games which are now played all over the world. Football is one of them. Probably the most popular sports nowadays was first developed in England. It is spread all over the country- in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their national teams compete with each other every year. They take part in different competitions. The two best teams play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. It is one of the most important football matches of the year. National teams of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland take part in European competitions and other international matches. There are many football clubs all over Britain.

Cricket is another popular summer sport. It is sometimes called the English national game. It is known that people played cricket in England as early as 1550. Many cricket clubs were founded in the 18^th century. Nowadays this summer game, which is typically British, is played in schools, colleges and universities and in most towns and villages of Britain. Teams play weekly games from late April to the end of September. Cricket is a very long game, and quite dangerous. It is a slow game too. International cricket games can last for five days. Cricket is not played only by men. Girls and women play this game too.

Boxing as a British sport is one of the oldest. It existed even in Saxon times. Golf was developed in Scotland and now is widely spread all over Britain. Tennis, or lawn tennis, is another popular game in Britain. It was first played in England in 1872 and the first championship at Wimbledon was in 1877. Nowadays every summer in June, the British hold their famous International Tennis Championship at Wimbledon, in west London.

Swimming, boating and sailing have always been popular in Britain and are enjoyed by thousands of people. But the British are less interested in skiing and skating, typically Russian types of sport. Can you explain why?

1. Popular British Sports and Games. Questions:

1. What favourite sports do British name?

2. What sports do they go in for?

3. Where was first football developed?

4. Where does the Cup Final take place?

5. What is another popular summer sport in Britain?

6. When do teams play cricket?

7. Is it a long or a short game?

8. Is cricket played only by men?

9. What is one of the oldest British sports?

10. What takes place every summer at Wimbledon, in west London?

Данное пособие является дополнением к учебно-методическому комплексу И. Н. Верещагиной и О.В. Притыкиной для шестого класса школ с углублëнным изучением английского языка и предназначено для развития навыков устной речи и социо-культурной компетенции в рамках программы.

Автор-составитель-Т.В.Гукасова, учитель английского языка ГБОУ СОШ №80

При участии Н.В. Андреевой, учителя английского языка ГБОУ СОШ№80

Учебное пособие для развития навыков устной речи.6 класс.

Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку

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