Учебно –методический материал «Архитектура Лондона»

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа № 7 им. Д.П. Галкина»

Интерактивная игра.

Автор: Нургалеева А.Н.

Магнитогорск, 2017

• Map of London

• Tasks

• Internet Resources

British

Museum

Royal

Courts

St.Martin`s

St. Paul’s

Cathedral

Tower of

London

Southwark

Cathedral

Big Ben

Westminster

Abbey

Royal

Albert Hall

Buckingham

Palace

Museum of

National

History

Victoria

& Albert

Museum

Houses of

Parliament

The Palace of Westminster is commonly known as the Houses of Parliament

(the House of Lords and the House of Commons) lies on the north bank of

the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London.

Originally part of the great royal palace that had been home to English

monarchs for over 500 years, Westminster Palace became the home of

parliament in the 16th century after reign of King Henry VIII, when Henry

moved the royal family out of the Palace of Westminster following a fire.

The original Westminster Palace burned down in 1834, and the building

you see today is the result of the subsequent rebuilding by Sir Charles Barry

and Augustus Pugin. The new parliament was built in a neo-gothic style.

Big Ben is one of the most prominent symbols of the United

Kingdom and one of the most famous landmarks in the

world. It is the clock tower. The name Big Ben is often used to

describe the clock tower that is part of the Palace of

Westminster. Officially "Big Ben" does not refer to the clock

tower but instead to the huge thirteen ton Great Bell located

at the top of the 320-foot-high ( 96 metres) tower.

The clock tower is now called the Elizabeth

Tower. Big Ben chimes every 15 minutes

and the sound can be heard for a radius

of up to 5 miles.

The Tower of London is the oldest palace, fortress and prison in Europe.

William the Conqueror built the White Tower in 1066 as a demonstration

of Norman power. It is 90 feet (27 m) high and the walls

vary from 15 feet (4.5 m) thick at the base to almost 11 feet (3.3 m) in the

upper parts. The White Tower -an example of Norman architecture

is situated in the Inner Ward, defended by a massive curtain wall, which

has thirteen towers. Many people have been locked in the Tower. Famous

prisoners have included Anne Boleyn, Sir Walter Raleigh and Elizabeth I.

Today the Tower of London houses the Crown Jewels and is open to the

public as a museum.

Westminster Abbey, a large Gothic church , is just to the west of the Palace

of Westminster. It is one of the oldest buildings in London and one of the

most important religious centres in the country.The Abbey was built by

Edward the Confessor between 1045-1050, and William the Conqueror

was crowned in it on Christmas Day in 1066.Every King and Queen

has been crowned in Westminster Abbey since then. Many kings and

Queens and famous people are buried or commemorated at Westminster

Abbey. National figures including Charles Dickens, Charles Darwin, David

Livingstone,  Sir Isaac Newton, Rudyard Kipling are buried in there .

The original Abbey was built in the Romanesque style that is called

"Norman" in England. It was rebuilt in the Gothic style between 1245-1517.

St Paul’s Cathedral is located within the City of London on

Ludgate Hill, the City’s highest point. A Cathedral dedicated

to St Paul has overlooked the City of London since 604 AD.

It was destroyed by a fire in 675 AD and was rebuilt ten years

later. St Paul's Cathedral seen today – the fourth, was built

between 1675 and 1711 by Sir Christopher Wren.

The cathedral is built of Portland stone in a late Renaissance

style that is England's sober Baroque. Its impressive dome was

inspired by St Peter's Basilica in Rome. It rises 365 feet (108 m)

to the cross at its summit.

There are 259 steps leading up to the spectacular

Whispering Gallery, which runs around the dome at a

Height of 100 feet. It's so called because of its

remarkable acoustic properties (it's possible to hear a

whisper from across the dome's total width of 112 feet).

From the Whispering Gallery, a further 117 steps

lead up to the Stone Gallery around the

outside of the dome, and a further 166 steps above

this is the Golden Gallery.

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building of

today's palace was formerly a large townhouse built for the Duke of

Buckingham in 1703 and acquired by King George III in 1762 as a private

residence. It was enlarged over the next 75 years, principally by architects

John Nash and Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard.

Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British

monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

In all, Buckingham Palace has 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms,

182 staff rooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms.

Southwark Cathedral is one of London's most interesting churches,

with a history that goes back to the twelfth century. The present building retains the basic form of the Gothic structure built between 1220 and 1420. Inside visitors findplenty of monuments, memorials and

beautiful stained glass windows.

The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a court

building in London which houses both the High Court and Court of Appeal

of England and Wales. Designed by George Edmund Street, who died

before it was completed, it is a large grey stone construction in the Victorian

Gothic style built in the 1870s and opened by Queen Victoria in 1882. It is

one of the largest courts in Europe.

The British Museum is one of London's greatest tourist attractions and

boasts one of the finest collections of antiquities in the world. The

museum contains more than 13 million artifacts from Assyria, Babylonia,

Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire, Asia, China and Europe.

The private collections of Sir Robert Cotton, Robert Harley,

Earl of Oxford and Sir Hans Sloane formed the basis

of the museum when it was founded by Parliament in 1753. The collection

moved to its present building in 1857, a stunning structure designed by

Robert Smirke and completed by his brother Sydney, who was responsible

for the circular Reading Room and the Dome. The main facade is 403 ft long

and has a colonnade of 44 Ionic columns, making this one of Britain's most

important neo-Classical buildings.

The Museum of Natural History began with a donation to the country

of the collection of Sir Hans Sloane in 1753. Sloane, who was a

physician, is said to have collected "natural curiosities". The museum is

particularly famous for its exhibition of dinosaur skeletons.

The museum is housed in a magnificent neo-Romanesque building,

designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1881 .

The Victoria and Albert Museum is by far the world's best museum for

art and design. The museum was constructed after the great Exhibition

in 1851 and contains items which cover a period of over 2000 years.

It is housed in a stunning Victorian building which is absolutely huge.

St Martin-in-the-Fields is an English Anglican church at the north-east corner

of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster. It is dedicated to

Saint Martin of Tours. There has been a church on the site since the medieval

period. The present building was constructed in a Neoclassical design by

James Gibbs in 1722–1726.

Royal Albert Hall was built in honor and memory of Prince Albert, the

husband of Queen Victoria. After the prince's death in 1861, Queen Victoria

hired Captain Francis Fowke and Major-General H.Y. Darracott Scott of

the Royal Engineers to design this proposed building. It is said that the two

men were greatly influenced in their design by the ancient amphitheaters

of Rome and Greece. Architectural style- Italianate. The circular hall was

constructed of red brick with terracotta ornamentation. In March 1871,

the hall was officially opened.

The Houses of

The Houses of

Ben

St. Paul’s

Palace

The Victoria and Albert

Parliament

Buckingham

Cathedral

Big

Museum

The Royal Courts of

Abbey

Westminster

Justice

The White Tower

1703

1870

Westminster Abbey

St Paul’s Cathedral

1675 -1711

1722–1726

Buckingham House

1066

The Royal Courts of Justice

1871

St Martin-in-the-Fields

1045-1050

Southwark Cathedral

1220 -1420

Royal Albert Hall

The Houses of Parliament

George Edmund Street

Buckingham Palace

Christopher Wren

The British Museum

Alfred Waterhouse

St Paul’s Cathedral

Charles Barry

and Augustus Pugin

St Martin-in-the-Fields

John Nash and

Edward Blore

The Royal Courts of Justice

Francis Fowke and

Darracott Scott

Royal Albert Hall

James Gibbs

The Museum of Natural History

Robert Smirke

St Paul’s Cathedral

Norman architecture

The Royal Courts of Justice

neo-Gothic style

The Tower of London

G othic style

Victorian

Gothic style

The Museum of Natural

History

The Houses of Parliament

neo-Classical style

neo-Romanesque style

The British Museum

Royal Albert Hall

late Renaissance

Style(sober Baroque)

Italianate

Westminster Abbey

http://didaktor.ru/ispolzovanie-shablona-s-makrosom-drag-and-drop/

http://about-britain.ru/london/karty/

http://www.aviewoncities.com/london/naturalhistorymuseum.htm

http://tourism-london.ru/sights

https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=достопримечательности%20лондон

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_London

http://www.interactive-english.ru/topiki/567-london-attractions-list/