Reflection of National Character and Mentality of Osset and English People in Proverbs and Sayings

SCIENTIFICALLY-PRACTICAL

CONFERENCE

Research

Theme:

“Reflection of National Character and Mentality of Osset and English People in Proverbs and Sayings”

Done by: Alina Pamonova, 10 Grade

Teacher: L.I. Kadieva,M.H. Kadzaeva,the Supervisors of Studies

Mizur-2015

Content

I.Introduction

Theme urgency

II.The main part

1. What is the proverbs and sayings?

2. Similarity that of proverbs and sayings at two people:

a) A family, family relations and values;

b) The Native land, the native house;

c) Work, time;

d) A healthy way of life;

e) Study, to mind, ability;

f) Troubles;

g) Norms of behaviour in a society;

h) Friendship, love.

3. Character traits of the person in proverbs and sayings.

III. The Conclusion.

IV. Literature

I.Introduction.

Theme urgency

The foreign language is an element of culture of these or those people. It opens direct access to huge spiritual riches of these people, serves as the important means of mutual understanding and interaction of people.

Through language there is a contact with mentality and a way of life of the people, the country of studied language, character of thinking, its attitude is transferred.

We consider, that in one of forms of language creativity of the people with such force and so its mind, its national history, a social order, a life, outlook as in proverbs and sayings many-sided is not shown.

The same thought is underlined also by M.M.Dubravin:

“Wisdom and spirit of the people is brightly shown in its proverbs and sayings, and the knowledge of proverbs and sayings of these or those people promotes not only to the best knowledge of language, but also the best understanding of a views and character of the people.»

For this reason a theme of our work is studying of such language phenomenon, as proverbs and sayings, and reflexion of national character of the Ossetian and English people in the given phenomenon.

In the work we mention a problem of similarity and distinction in mentality of the people of Ossetia and the Great Britain. Aspect of comparison we have chosen semantic models of proverbs and sayings the Ossetin and Englishmen.

It would be desirable to notice, that studying of proverbs and the sayings reflecting lines of national character of the people of the country of studied language promote:

- To removal of a cultural urological barrier;

- To understanding of values and people ideals;

- To increase of interest to foreign language studying.

Object of research - some features of mentality of the Osset and English people, shown in national proverbs and sayings.

Research objective:

To reveal features of mentality of the Osset and English nations, in the course of comparison of semantic models of proverbs and sayings.

Research problems:

1. To study a theoretical material on a theme: “Proverbs and sayings - national creativity”.

2. To select and study English proverbs and sayings. To give a literal translation to English proverbs and sayings.

3. To classify proverbs and sayings on subjects of their formation.

4. To reveal semantic models of the studied proverbs and sayings.

5. To carry out the comparative analysis of their semantic maintenance. To reveal similarity and distinction in mentality of two people.

6. To expand the lexicon.

7. Reception of new knowledge.

Research hypothesis:

Under the semantic maintenance of proverbs and sayings it is possible to judge mentality of the nation.

II. The main part:

What is the proverbs and sayings?

2.1. Where it is possible to find the answer for all occasions, when at you a grief or when pleasure? You are young, is old, sick, healthy, the two at school have received, on the affairs have reflected - on any your experience, on any news at once will respond, will give reasonable advice, manual, will console, will amuse - a proverb. The proverb knows about all! A proverb (we will add here still its relative - a saying) names short sayings; people use them almost as easily and easy, as words of own speech.

We can tell: “Раздæр куы сыстай, уæд фылдæр куыстытæ скæндзынæ”! Nobody names this verbal construction a proverb, though on thought it correct. And here expressions: “Раджы бадаг - æвæсмон” - it is doubtless, proverbs.

The thought generally expresses here not directly, and is as though allegoric, figurative, that is by means of any images, examples. And each this image, an example suits not only the given case, and has also wider value, approaches and for many other things cases.

Proverbs and sayings are one of expressive language means. The people of any country with pleasure use them in the speech. Short the proverb, it all the same the finished work of art would not be what. It pleases us not only well-aimed supervision, but also to how it is dexterous, beautiful is expressed. And to remember them is much easier.

Proverbs differ the steady art form. Quite often they have a rhyme, sometimes very intricate, repeatedly repeating:

Тæрхъусы хъуыст - хъилхъусæй.

No news good news.

Proverbs differ from daily informal conversation by a special warehouse, a rhythm. And as in verses, words steal up here not only on sense, but also on sounding.

Хъæбæр галæн хъæбæр хъæдæй хъæбæр къæлæт.

Haste makes waste.

If short to speak, in what a difference between a proverb and a saying, perhaps, completeness and is property of a proverb. The proverb - the finished judgement, and a saying is less independent, has narrower, concrete sense:

 To search for yesterday;

 One of our kind; Birds of feather flock together.

 Between two fires.

But, in general - that they are very close to each other, them always print and study together.

Proverbs and sayings in an extreme antiquity were born.

 Æнафоны уазæг фыдбылыз at.

 Хорз ма ракæ, æмæ фыд ма a shed.

 Хæрзгæнæг хорз никуы ссардта.

Instead of forgotten, there live these sayings connected with quite certain events only because can be used and today, in absolutely other historical circumstances, in other occasion.

The literature also gives the most part of proverbs and sayings, is more exact than proverbial judgements.

Set of such expressions has presented to Osset people by Seka Gadiev:

 Мæсыг хи дурæй хæлы.

 Фыдлæг æмæ фыдбон бирæ нæ хæссынц.

Have entered into oral use and some verses of Kosta Khetagurov

 Адæмæн зæхх at сæ дарæг.

 Ма it is thin ауæнæй æвзæрыл.

 Цæстмæхъус ныхас фыдбылыз хæссы.

 Дæ фыдæлтæ рухсаг, дæхæдæг мын бæзз.

 Дунетæй хуыздæр куы фестай, гъе уæддæр дæхи уд ма стау!

But the great bulk, a fixed capital of proverbs and sayings is all the same the radical national creativity closely connected with a way of life of the people where national experience is expressed, supervision over a life, over the person, wisdom of the people.

During work we have collected and have studied set of proverbs and sayings in Osset and English languages. The collected proverbs and sayings in many respects differ from each other, have a various origin, give various shades to statements. But we have revealed also that fact, that proverbs and sayings of the different people often happen are very similar. Anything surprising in this similarity is not present: all people, observing, catch the same laws of a life, the nature.

All people, in what language they would not express, love the native land, the native earth, grieve about it, being in the distance.

All people equally respect, glorify the best human qualities: the boldness, honesty, diligence, all equally laugh at the coward, the idler, the envious person, a fool.

Having systematised the collected information, we have allocated some the basic semantic models of the studied proverbs and sayings.

Proverbs and sayings:

Connected with a family, family relations and values:

In English	In Russian	In Osset language
A tree is known by its fruit.	Дерево узнаются по его по плодам	Кусæнгарз дæр йæ саразæджы хуы зæн ваййы.
As the bakers-so the buns, as the father-so the son.	Какой отец, такой и сын.	Алкæмæндæр йæ зæды хай – йæ хи хуызæн
There is a black sheep in every flock.	В каждом стаде есть ч чёрная овца.	Мæсыг хи дурæй хæлы.

Connected with the native house, the Native land:

In English		In Russian	Osset language
East or West - home is best.	В гостях хорошо, А дома лучше		Райгуырæн бæстæ адджын у.
My home is my castle.	Мой дом – моя крепость.		Мæ ныфс - мæ хæдзар.

In English	L In Russian	In Osset language
The early bird catches the worm.	Кто рано встаёт – тому Бог подаёт .	Чи змæлы, уый цæры.
If you want a thing well done - d do it yourself.	Если ты хочешь, чтоб дело Было сделано, делай его сам.	Куырд куырдыл ахуыр кæны.
Measure twice and cut once.	M Отмерь дважды, отрежь один раз раз.	Раздæр - ææрхъуыды, стæй – ф фæндон.
Haste makes waste.	Поспешишь – людей насмешишь.	Флцœман дœр – йœхи афон.
Actions speak louder than words.	Дела говорят громче, чем слова.	Лæджы дарæг куыст у.

Reflecting the relation to work, time:

Calling for a healthy way of life:

In English	In Russian	In Osset language
The first health is wealth.	. Здоровье – главное богатство.	Хъалы бæсты хъарм.
Good health is better than wealth.	Хорошее здоровье лучше богатства.	Æппæтæй зынаргъдæр – æнæ анœниздзинад.
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.	Час утром полезнее двух вечером.	Алцæмæн дæр - йæхи рæстæг.
A sound mind in a sound body.	Здоровое тело – здоровый дух.	A A sound mind in a sound body.

Reflecting the relation to study, mind, abilities:

In English	In Russian	In Osset ызыке
Live and learn.	Век живи – век учись.	Зонд алкæддæр хъæуы.
Where there is a will there is a way.	Где хотенье - там уменье.	Скъолайæ æдылы лидзы.
It is never too late to learn.	Никогда не поздно учиться.	Ахуырæн кæрон нæй.
Reading is to the mind what exercise to body.	Чтение для ума, что гимнастика для тела
Knowledge is power.	K Знание – сила.	Стыр зонды, стыр тых тых.

Showing the attitude to troubles:

In English	In Russian	Osset language
When it rains it pours.	It Идёт дождь – будет ливень.	It never rains but it pours.
Save it for a rainy day.	Сохранить на чёрный день.	Æнцойдзинад æмæ зындзинад радæй ысты.
Bad news travels fast.	Плохие новости – расходятся быстро.	Thin news do not stand on a place.
No news - good news.	Нет новостей – хорошие новости.	There are no news are good news.
He laughs best who laughs last.	Смеётся тот, кто смеётся последним.	The one who laughs the last laughs.

Connected with norms of behaviour in a society:

In English	In Russian		In Osset language
Tastes differ.	О вкусах не спорят.
A kind word gives comfort even to a cat.		Доброе слово и кошке приятно.	Хорзæй хорз фæзæъынц, æвзæрæй – æвзæр æвзæр.
Eggs cannot teach a ban.	Яйца курицу не учат.

Reflecting the relation to friendship, love:

In English	In Russian	In Osset language
Love conquers all.	Любовь всё побеждает.	Уарзондзинад - мæлæтæй тыхджындæр.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.	Друг познается в беде.	Хорз адæмæй фарн цæуы.
A man is known by the company he keeps.	Скажи мне кто твой друг, и скажу кто ты.	Хорз - хорзты агуры, æвзæр æвæрты.

In conversation Englishmen often resort to excessive respect to show the respect for the interlocutor, they are very tactful.

English politeness is embodied in following proverbs:

•  A good word is as soon said as a bad one.( Ласковое слово не трудно, а скоро) Лæгъз ныхас тагъд у.

Diligence is expressed in following proverbs:

 Strike white the iron is hot. (Куй железо, пока горячо). Kuyst - цардæн фæрæз.

At conducting business negotiations such lines, as care and cunning are peculiar to Englishmen.

 Second thoughts are best. (Вторые мысли лучше.) Йæ veils сылвасы, йе ‘ рдын бамбæхсы.

It is necessary to notice, that the high norm of sincerity and an openness are characteristic for Osset culture. The Osset speech etiquette hardly recognises necessity “lie in rescue”. About it speak following proverbs and sayings

“The truth is more expensive some gold” Правда дороже золота. Æргом дзырд лæварау at.

Ossetians can convict Englishmen of avarice. Actually at Englishmen it is not accepted to give expensive gifts. For Englishmen, in turn, the Osset generosity is wastefulness. In Osset to proverbs and sayings as in a mirror, there is a reflexion of hospitality and generosity of each Ossetin - it be poor or rich:

OSSET VARIANT: Хорз фысым - уазæг уарзон. Хоть не богат, а гостю рад”.

. “Though it is not rich, and to the visitor it is glad”.

The conclusion.

Comparison of proverbs and sayings of the different people shows, how much in common have these people.

At the same time the nature, the historical past, household way and ways of extraction of means of a life, labour skills, psychology of the different people - all the same have the differences. These differences also lead to that one and alike thought in sayings and proverbs is expressed unequally. Via different images, comparisons.

We have compared proverbs and sayings, and have paid attention to what lexicon is used in proverbs and sayings for expression of the same thought in English and Osset languages.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the studied and systematised material we can tell, that

 Proverbs and sayings have the big informative value.

 They reproduce pictures of a life and a life of people, in them popular wisdom which passes from father to son is concluded.

 In them national character of the certain people, its mentality is reflected.

 And sayings of the different people have Proverbs much in common, that promotes their best mutual understanding and rapprochement.

 Differences in psychology, household way, mentality are reflected in a choice of different images, comparisons, accordingly lexical filling for expression of the same thought.

 Work with proverbs and sayings not only develops memory, but also allows to learn adequately, to select lexical units; develops emotional expressiveness of speech; expands knowledge of language and features of its functioning; promotes the best mastering by a foreign language; acquaints with culture the countries of studied language.

Literature

1. English language in proverbs and sayings. Стефанович. М: Education, 1980

2.500 English proverbs and sayings. Vladikavkaz "Project-press", 1996

3.Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press. Oxford, 1982

4. In the world of proverbs and sayings. М: Education, 1979

5.Kosta Khetagurov. Poems. Vladikavkaz, 1982

6. Seka Gadiev. Poems. Vladikavkaz, 1986

7. Osset proverbs and sayings. Vladikavkaz, 1989