Учебный проект: Экологические проблемы реки Волги
Тема: какими способами можно сохранить природу реки Волги?
Цель: научить правильному бережному отношению к окружающей среде, рационально мыслить, уметь обрабатывать информацию и применять её в жизни.
Автор проекта: ученица 8А класса Шукенова Радмила
Руководитель: учитель английского языка Бузбаева А.М
Stages of the project:
1. Collection of information
2. Working with the Internet - source
3. Work with illustrative material
4. Self-study of the issues raised
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion of the work done
Description of the project
Currently, in the Volga basin holds about 45% of industrial and approximately 50% of agricultural production in Russia. Of the 100 cities with the most polluted atmosphere, 65 are located in the Volga basin. The volume of contaminated water discharged into the basins of the region, representing 38% of Russia's pollution. Currently located in the river ton chemicals, many of which are toxic. Bottom and suspended sediments coming from the pool before Fertilize floodplain land and flooded land, now 90% retained in reservoirs and deposited on the bottom, contaminating the water and being lost forever. There also are those 300 million tons of earth, which annually falls on the banks of the Volga water Measures to prevent destructive processes in the Volga basin. To prevent further destructive processes in the area of the country urgently needs to take a number of organizational and economic hydraulic action. Chief among them are the following.
It is necessary to carry out reconstruction of the Volga reservoirs and their mode of operation subject to a single economic problems, mainly environmental. Among the measures for the reconstruction of the cascade of reservoirs and change its mode of operation should be the creation of at least two sanitary areas of flowing water (no stagnant water bodies). For all reservoirs need to develop and maintain optimal levels of retaining as taking into account the entire complex economic problems, not just energy and water transport. The whole operation should be subject to the Volgograd hydroelectric tasks used most favorable living conditions for sturgeon and other anadromous and semi-fish, that is to make it work mode biological-ecological, ensuring their maximum passage to natural spawning grounds and reproduction of their herd. With the same purpose it is necessary to restore at least 40-50% of natural spawning grounds of fish and especially sturgeon, carry out activities to produce good passage productive herds and safe pilling juveniles in all hydroelectric dams. Inadmissible on the existence of a dangerous concentration of the most valuable fish stocks to the All-Russian "communal", which is under the Volgograd hydroelectric dam. The system of dams deaf - blood clots should be eliminated. Let's think about it, biologists, ecologists, and hydraulic engineering. All-round savings Volga water by improving irrigation works, translation industry and to re-re-use of water for waterless technology - the most important task of our time, and the decision it is necessary to start it on the Volga.
It should start creating environmental energy in the Volga basin due to construction in each area of multi-purpose power plants on renewable energy sources. The purpose of this power - to create a new type of energy-ecological setting, designed to stop the degradation of ecological systems in the strategically important region of the country, and then restore it to optimal ecological balance.
The most important measure of conservation of water and land resources in the Volga basin is an urgent change in the structure slopes of investments in the s / s. To this end, the bulk of them should be directed to the restoration of soil fertility due to conduct anti-erosion measures, improved agricultural techniques tillage, agroforestry reclamation works and dry land.
Must be installed in the Volga basin restricted areas. In these areas should be prohibited the use of pesticides, placing warehouses pesticides and mineral fertilizers, livestock complexes, landfills, industrial plants, parking, washing and repair of motor vehicles and so on. In these bands should be allocated area of the hard mode from 15 to 100 meters where prohibited plowing, grazing cattle and organization of camps, construction of lodges and tented camps.
Afforestation shores as the Volga and its tributaries and small rivers, streams and springs, their origins - the problem of extreme national importance. It also includes measures to create a network in the Volga basin zonal and regional parks.
All these tasks to restore the life of the Volga basin need to be addressed urgently, today. You do not have to guess, "whose moan is heard over the great Russian river." She is moaning Volga, pitted and down, sick with brine water, drag dams hydropower plants, swollen with water reservoirs, with a decreasing year by year the famous fish wealth. Looking at the Volga, especially well know that the fate of nature - our destiny.
The results
Measures to prevent the destructive processes in the Volga basin.
To prevent further destructive processes in the area of the country urgently needs to take a number of organizational and economic hydraulic action. Chief among them are the following.
It is necessary to carry out reconstruction of the Volga reservoirs and their mode of operation subject to a single economic problems, mainly environmental. Among the measures for the reconstruction of the cascade of reservoirs and change its mode of operation should be the creation of at least two sanitary areas of flowing water (no stagnant water bodies). For all reservoirs need to develop and maintain optimal levels of retaining as taking into account the entire complex economic problems, not just energy and water transport. The entire operation of the Volgograd GES, subordinate tasks used most favorable living conditions for sturgeon and other anadromous and semi-anadromous fishes, that is to make its modes of Biology and Environmental ensuring their maximum passage to natural spawning grounds and reproduction of their herd. With the same purpose it is necessary to restore at least 40-50% of natural spawning grounds of fish and especially sturgeon, carry out activities to produce good passage productive herds and safe pilling juveniles in all hydroelectric dams. Inadmissible on the existence of a dangerous concentration of the most valuable fish stocks to the All-Russian "communal", which is under the Volgograd hydroelectric dam. The system of dams deaf - blood clots should be eliminated. Let's think about it, biologists, ecologists, and hydraulic engineering.
All-round savings Volga water by improving irrigation works, translation industry and to re-re-use of water for malovodoёmkie and waterless technology - the most important task of our time, and the decision it is necessary to start it on the Volga.
It should start creating environmental energy in the Volga basin due to construction in each area of multi-purpose power plants on renewable energy sources. The purpose of this power - to create a new type of energy-ecological setting, designed to stop the degradation of ecological systems in the strategically important region of the country, and then restore it to optimal ecological balance. The most important measure of conservation of water and land resources in the Volga basin is an urgent change in the structure slopes of investments in the s / s. To this end, the bulk of them should be directed to the restoration of soil fertility due to conduct anti-erosion measures, improved agricultural techniques tillage, agroforestry reclamation works and dry land.Must be installed in the Volga basin restricted areas. In these areas should be prohibited the use of pesticides, placing warehouses pesticides and mineral fertilizers, livestock complexes, landfills, industrial plants, parking, washing and repair of motor vehicles and so on. In these bands should be allocated area of the hard mode from 15 to 100 meters where prohibited plowing, grazing cattle and organization of camps, construction of lodges and tented camps.
Afforestation shores as the Volga and its tributaries and small rivers, streams and springs, their origins - the problem of extreme national importance. It also includes measures to create a network in the Volga basin zonal and regional parks.
All these tasks to restore the life of the Volga basin need to be addressed urgently, today. You do not have to guess, "whose moan is heard over the great Russian river." She is moaning Volga, pitted and down, sick with brine water, drag dams hydropower plants, swollen with water reservoirs, with a decreasing year by year the famous fish wealth. Looking at the Volga, especially well know that the fate of nature - our destiny.
