Исследовательская работа на тему "Inscriptions on clothes"

Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 Usman, Lipetsk region

Named after the Hero of the Soviet Union M. P. Konstantinov

Section name: English

Name of the work: Inscriptions on clothes

Victoria Alexandrovna Verevkina,

Student of the 11th grade

Elena Vladimirovna Shipitko

English teacher

Usman,2022

Contents

Introduction 3

1. Inscriptions on clothes 4

1.1. The history of the inscriptions on clothes 4

1.2. Print on clothes: fashion or something else? 4

1.3. Types of inscriptions. 6

2. The role of clothes with inscriptions in people's lives 7

2.1. The role of clothing in a human life 7

2.2. Trend and anti-trend 8

3. Practical part 9

3.1. Recommendations 9

Conclusion 11

Bibliographic list 12

Appendix 1 13

Appendix 2 14

Appendix 3 16

Appendix 4 18

Introduction

Probably every person in the world wants to dress fashionably and stylishly. Bright clothes are a kind of mask, personifying the inner shell of a person, his character and habits. To publish, people adhere to the wise proverb «They meet in clothes, but they see off in the mind».

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that an indispensable attribute of the youth wardrobe is currently clothing with inscriptions. These inscriptions can tell us a lot: about the sphere of interests of its owner, about the level of English language proficiency and about the level of culture. But most schoolchildren do not understand the meaning of what is written in English, nevertheless, they wear it because the clothes are bright, colorful and fashionable. And sometimes the inscriptions may even contain offensive meaning. We decided to investigate the English inscriptions on the clothes of schoolchildren and invite teenagers to think before getting seemingly cool clothes. We believe that English should be studied not only in order to read texts in textbooks, but also in order to understand the world around us, which is often saturated with screaming advertisements in English, inscriptions on clothes.

The object of the study is the inscriptions in English on the clothes of school students, teachers, and school staff.

The subject of the study is the information that the inscriptions carry on clothes.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the content of English-language inscriptions, to establish the dependence of the semantic load of inscriptions on clothing on the level of English language proficiency.

To achieve the purpose we’ve determined the following tasks:

• to study the necessary literature

• to arrange the received material

• to study the history of the development of inscriptions on T-shirts

• to conduct a social survey among students to identify the most popular inscriptions.

• to translate English-language inscriptions into Russian.

• to analyze the collected material, systematize it and come to a certain conclusion

Research methods:

1. Study of literature on the topic;

2. Search method;

3. Survey and interview of students of 6-11 grades, teachers and school staff;

4. Analysis of the results.

This work will be useful and interesting for students. It will allow students to pay attention to the translation of inscriptions, strengthen the motivation of learning English and correctly use information that should reflect the real interests of its owner.

1. Inscriptions on clothes
   1. The history of the inscriptions on clothes

«An inscription» is writing carved into something made of stone or metal. [10]

«An inscription» is words that are written or cut in something. [11]

Inscriptions on clothing have existed for many centuries, and the earliest are familiar to mankind from ancient Greece. There we find embroidery on belts that tell us about the names of the owners or find names on jewelry. The inscriptions were often provocative in nature. The oldest provocation in clothing is a sample of sparsiades preserved in the Swiss shoe museum, that is, sandals of an ancient Greek person of easy virtue, on the sole of which was written: "follow me." And by the prints in the sand of these shoes, men found their way to their owner. And if we talk about a more modern period, then fast forward to the Renaissance. On a lot of Italian and German portraits of the XV and XVI centuries, you can see inscriptions that are woven into the ornament of men's shirts, into the corsages of women's dresses, where the mottos of a noble family or the names of the owners of these portraits or outfits were usually inscribed in Latin. Provocative inscriptions have always been found on women's garters, especially in the XVIII century. [1]

As for the 70s of the last century, the inscriptions are mostly associated with brands of video and audio goods and cigarettes. In Western countries, back in the 60s, programs were broadcast on TV in which the presenter constantly presented a T-shirt with an interesting thematic inscription to the guests of the program. Already over time, such a tradition has moved from TV broadcasts to movies and TV series, where clothes with inscriptions performed an advertising function. Today, musical performers delight their fans with interesting inscriptions on clothes, and also the appearance of fashion on T-shirts is not too late.

In 1985, Jean-Paul Gaultier created an amazing collection that included Slavic Cyrillic letters, with which he wrote on his clothes with the ornament "Jean-Paul Gaultier". It was a hit, the whole of Paris wore things with this logo, especially everyone liked the letter Z, because it looks like a beetle or some Chinese ornament.

Then the Cyrillic alphabet generally came into fashion, Slavic letters were used a lot in the second half of the 80s in knitwear, sweaters, sweatshirts, and many accessories. Now we can also meet this: for example, many people use stylized letters in the logos of their fashion houses. For example, the house of Hermes uses the letter H in belt buckles and in the clasps of its famous bags. The letter D from Christian Dior is also used in ornaments and is often woven into clothes. What can we say about D&G Dolce and Gabbana…? So humanity will never get away from this, since the use of letters allows you to focus the dreams of fashionistas on specific products. In addition, the inscriptions woven into the ornament allow you to learn more about the opinions, knowledge, preferences of the one who wears such clothes. [2]

1. Print on clothes: fashion or something else?

Many people tend to buy clothes with inscriptions exclusively in a foreign language. What do they mean by that? If nothing, then this is really a fashion statement. But the T–shirt is also like a blank sheet on which you can write. Only the inscriptions on T-shirts in English should be treated carefully, because a clever idea will sound ridiculous if it is incorrectly formulated in a foreign language. The same can be said about standard ready–made phrases - poorly chosen ones will become nothing more than an incident in clothes.

The inscriptions are very different. They can tell us a lot about a person, in particular, that this person does not understand what is written on his clothes. The inscriptions also change with the age of a person. For a child it's just some phrases or funny phrases, for a teenager it's inscriptions containing all sorts of phrases, starting with what kind of person it is and ending with the number of the team or the street. Adults, realizing that something not for their age or something obscene may be written on clothes, try to choose clothes without inscriptions - this is the right decision, unlike teenagers who only look at a beautiful style and funny letters. [3]

When a person puts on clothes with an inscription, what does he mean by that? «Yes, nothing, just funny!» - many will answer this question, but not all. Recently, the wave of the 80s «joined» the fashion with a powerful jet. As you know, the cult thing of that time was a T–shirt with a slogan that says everything you want to say to this world. In general, such a piece of clothing as a T-shirt has been considered a «talking» thing since its appearance. There are even cultural studies on the topic that a T–shirt is a «blank slate» for slogans and statements, as well as a place to demonstrate your life credo. And, as you can see, the society successfully enjoys this privilege.

Needless to say, it's in fashion now – to stand out from fashion! Being ordinary is no longer interesting. What do you «write» on your clothes? Does your clothes talk? There are a lot of options! Creativity knows no boundaries! From loud screaming platitudes like «Rich», «Hero», «Follow me» to thoughtful expressions of thinkers remade in a modern way. Jokes, unambiguous hints, jokes, just beautiful words – everything with which you can fully express your individuality, and at the same time show that you have a sense of humor in full order! I must say that in imitation of foreign fashion, inscriptions in foreign languages are more common in Russia, mainly in English: «I am GOD! », «New York City», «Best Friend», «Do not copy me» and many, many more questions, suggestions and unconditional statements! [4]

Famous designers in their collections also demonstrate a variety of clothing models using inscriptions. For example, at the show of the popular Russian designer Nadia Nurieva at Russian Fashion Week, there were many interesting finds, or rather wordplay on prints: «I love Dochk &Gabolaeva», «I was at the Sanatorii Fergani» (in a font like Salvatore Ferragamo), «Real muzchino». The girls went to the podium with bags on which «MY HERO» was written under the photos of the high-rise installers. Bags and belts, I must say, were made using fragments of guest workers' bags.

If the inscription on the T-shirt at least to some extent reflects the sphere of interests of its owner, then everything is fine. And if the fantasy has run out, you can always use the experience of the perestroika fashionistas, who themselves drew inscriptions like «Thing» on their clothes. Moreover, now it is done simply: a couple of hundred rubles in a special workshop – and they will write you everything you want and wherever you want. The main thing is to like it!

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1. Types of inscriptions.

The inscriptions on the clothes are very different, and their choice depends on the age of the person. Children prefer clothes with an inscription about the cartoons they watch, or such cool and funny phrases as «Princess» («Princess»), «King» («King»), «I love my dad» («I love my dad»), etc. Teenagers have some cool and funny phrases (I'm strong – I'm strong, Good Luck – Good Luck, I'm super hero – I'm a super hero) or just a T-shirt with the brand name (Adidas, Celine, Gucci, Puma, Zara). The inscription can also be the name of some team, for example, the Real Madrid football team, or even just the name of the country, city, street. Adults also wear clothes with inscriptions, but due to a lack of understanding of words, many of them avoid clothes with inscriptions. And most people don't even care what is written on their clothes.

1. The role of clothes with inscriptions in people's lives
   1. The role of clothing in a human life

We are all well aware of the saying «By the clothes they meet, by the mind they see off». In folk wisdom, the role that clothes play in a person's social presentation is very subtly noticed. Clothing acts as a means of communication, as an instrument of influencing the behavior and attitudes of other people towards its owner. Clothes are a person's business card.

Naturally, everyone chooses what and when to wear, not always realizing that they are trying to make some features, their psychological and social qualities more expressive or invisible, and here the influence of clothing on a person directly plays a big role.

The elements of clothing are primarily signs of group affiliation, help to realize their place in a particular social hierarchy, group, in the entire system of social relations, determines the nature of communication and interaction.

In the old days, it was so important that people of the appropriate social status were required to wear strictly defined clothes. So, in ancient China, yellow clothes were worn only by the emperor, and if any of the subjects made attempts to try on a yellow robe, they could pay for it with their lives. In medieval Europe, the church dictated almost everything in clothes: the length and width of the dress, the length of the toe of the shoe, the number and nature of jewelry for a representative of each social class. It is clear that a medieval inhabitant could immediately determine the social status of each person by his clothes.

Along with the democratization of society, the official role of clothing in human life is changing. Now there are no such strict prohibitions and representatives of some professions have their own special clothes. Currently, everything about fashion can be found in a variety of articles in magazines, the Internet, for example, Style-Fresh-fashion blog, will give any reader a lot of useful information about what, how, and where to wear. Also, the fashion blog will tell you about fashion trends.

But even now the connection between the costume and the social role remains quite strong. Studies show that almost all adults can determine a person's status by clothes, roughly indicate his occupation. At the same time, we rely on the quality of the suit, which is directly related to its cost, the ratio with fashion, scarcity, elitism, etc. The assessment of the style of clothing is unconsciously transferred to the assessment of personality. [7] Clothing (in particular, special) encourages a person to attribute to another those qualities that he did not show, but which are associated with the corresponding social role. Psychologists call this phenomenon the «halo effect».

It often helps us to quickly and accurately assess a person's style. By wearing this or that clothing, people themselves subconsciously count on this effect. But the strongest effect is caused by the traditional strict suit, looking at which we subconsciously conclude that we are facing a serious person who is engaged in a serious matter. Such suits are worn by presidents, ministers, entrepreneurs, professors, managers and other business people.

The ability to recognize a person by his clothes does not need to be overestimated. After all, suits, dresses of this style are worn by different people endowed with individual characteristics.

In addition, there is a fashion that is almost impossible to correlate with the psychology of personality. Therefore, there are two tendencies in the way of dressing: the desire for integration, community with others; the desire to assert one's own «I», to stand out from the masses.

The rapid development of production and the related problem of improving business relations make it necessary to pay more and more attention not only to direct, but also to additional factors affecting success in business contacts, and the right style of clothing helps to create the necessary business atmosphere. Our clothes are a part of that inner world, which testifies to our personality, status, authority.

The form of clothing is the best characteristic of a person, which reflects the tastes and habits of the individual. In a person's life, the aesthetics of clothing is no less important than the aesthetics of behavior. Sloppiness in clothes is equivalent to moral suicide. The ability to dress is a science and an art and depends on habits and feelings. As Honore de Balzac said: «It's not so much about the suit as the ability to wear it»

1. Trend and anti-trend

It would seem that all T- shirts can be attributed to trainers, because if people wear them, then they are popular. However, in our opinion, clothes on which the luxurious inscription «Chanel» is brightly emblazoned are more trendy and fashionable than a T-shirt with the inscription «I believe in love». [8] But nevertheless, not everyone is able to afford to buy such an expensive thing. Then the usual basic T-shirts of the same color can come to our aid. They will certainly fit into any wardrobe and emphasize a person's understanding of trends. [9]

Here are the examples of trend and anti-trend clothes inscriptions.

Trend	Anti-trend
Like-нравиться (соц.сеть)	I love NY-я люблю Нью Йорк
Tik-tok-(соц.сеть)	The time is meow -время для мяу
World of Tanks- мир танков	Keep calm and party on -сохраняй спокойствие и продолжай вечеринку
Happiness- счастье	Today is a good day-сегодня хороший день
Do I wanna know?-хочу ли я знать ?	I only wear black-я надеваю только черный
Protect our planet -защитим нашу планету	Normal is boring-обыденность-это скучно
Levi's – название бренда	Selfish-самовлюбленный
Nike-название бренда	Made in London -сделано в Лондоне
Adidas-название бренда	Good vibes only-только хороший настрой

1. Practical part

In practical part of our research we want to show the results of investigation that we have done. We asked students of the 6 - 11 grades, teachers and school staff the questions (see. Appendix1):

This survey was conducted with people aged from 12 to 40 years (100 people). Most of the survey participants wear clothes with English-language inscriptions. A positive result can be considered that most people still know the translation of the inscriptions on their clothes, or at least half. However, in the first question, 32% answered that they do not wear clothes with inscriptions in English, and from the second question we see that only 8% find it difficult to answer, i.e. it is possible that they have this clothing. From the diagram we see that 60% purchase clothes with inscriptions in English. This means that most people have such clothes and they use them in everyday life (see Appendix 2 pic. 1)

The survey showed us that the female audience clearly prevails in it. Having interviewed girls aged 12 to 17, we clearly see that the most popular clothing with the inscription, among children from 12 to 17 years old, is a T-shirt, 83% voted for it, sweaters are less popular - 10%. The jacket is the most unpopular - only 7 % of those who answered. (see Appendix 2 pic. 2)

We can conclude that teenagers prefer comfortable T - shirts and sweaters to classic jackets with inscriptions in foreign languages. After analyzing the answers of more adult girls, we came to the conclusion that young people aged 18 to 25 prefer to wear T - shirts and jackets, because their answers in the diagram we presented occupy almost the same positions 48 % and 45%, respectively. While sweaters with inscriptions prefer to wear only 7% of those who answered. This is due to the fact that young people mostly study at universities or are already working, but still try to stand out from the crowd, only with the help of more classic jackets with inscriptions and T – shirts. (see Appendix 2 pic. 3)

Examining the answers in the questionnaire among adult women aged 25 to 40, we see that these women prefer to stand out from the crowd with sweaters and T - shirts -77% and 16%, respectively. Jackets with inscriptions in different languages occupy only 7% of their wardrobe. (see Appendix 2 pic. 4)

1. Recommendations

After conducting this research, we decided to make recommendations for choosing сomfortable clothes with English-language inscriptions.

If you consider yourself a cultured and educated person, then when choosing clothes with an English inscription, consider the following:

1. Translate the English-language inscription before you purchase it. Use your cell phone that has an Internet connection, translate a word or phrase using an online translator.

2. Remember! A cultured person cannot be immoral. Do not use inscriptions that may humiliate or offend anyone.

3. Do not choose clothes with spelling mistakes, so as not to seem illiterate.

4. Do not wear clothes with brand names. You are not a billboard!

And do not hope that everyone around does not know a foreign language and does not understand what is written on your clothes. Do not forget that judge not of men and things at first sight «is met by clothes, and escorted by the mind».

Conclusion

The work on this project helped us to understand that inscriptions on clothes can tell us a lot: about the sphere of interests of its owner, about the level of English language proficiency and about the level of culture.

Many people tend to buy clothes with inscriptions exclusively in a foreign language. Famous designers in their collections also demonstrate a variety of clothing models using inscriptions. The inscriptions on the clothes are very different, and their choice depends on the age of the person. Children prefer clothes with an inscription about the cartoons they watch, Teenagers have some cool and funny phrases.

The form of clothing is the best characteristic of a person, which reflects the tastes and habits of the individual.

Famous designers in their collections also demonstrate a variety of clothing models using inscriptions.

In the practical part of this research work we conducted a study among people of different ages, which showed us that the female audience clearly prevails in it. The most popular clothing with the inscription among teenage girls is a T-shirt because teenagers prefer comfortable T - shirts After analyzing the answers of more adult girls, we came to the conclusion that young people aged 18 to 25 prefer to wear T - shirts and jackets. This is due to the fact that young people mostly study at universities or are already working, but still try to stand out from the crowd, only with the help of more classic jackets with inscriptions and T – shirts. Examining the answers among adult women aged 25 to 40, we see that they prefer to stand out from the crowd with sweaters and T – shirts.

To sum up, we would like to note once again that people of different ages try to stand out from the crowd with the help of various clothes with inscriptions, but, as practice shows, they are not always familiar with their translation. Therefore, in order not to get into an uncomfortable situation, we recommend using our recommendations on choosing clothes with foreign inscriptions, as well as learning foreign languages.

Bibliographic list

1. Блохина В. Всемирная история костюма, моды и стиля. – Минск: Харвест, 2009

2. Васильев А.А. Европейская мода. Три века. – М.: Слово / Slovo, 2006. – 439 с.: ил.

3. Головушкина М.В., Воячек О.С. Англоязычные надписи на одежде как элемент молодежной субкультуры// В сборнике: Язык. Право, Общество III Международная научно-практическая конференция под редакцией О.В. Барабаш, Т.В. Дубровской, Н.А. Павловой. 2015

4. Ивус О.Н. Слоган на одежде: история, сущность и функционирование / Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики. – Тамбов: Грамота, 2012.

5. Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка (Учебник для институтов и факультетов ин.яз.- М. (Высшая школа)

6. Мюллер В.К. Англо-русский словарь.5300 слов М., 2003г.

7. Сребранец В.О. Стилистические и лексические особенности надписей на английском и немецком языках на одежде современных подростков// Международный научно-исследовательский журнал-2013 №5

8. Урядникова Н.И. «А ваша одежда разговаривает?» // Дизайн-студия "Понимание" 2007

9. http://katalog-futbolki.ru/nadpisi-na-futbolkax-na-anglijskom/

10. https://slovar-vocab.com/english/longman-vocab.html

11. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/inscription

Appendix 1

Survey «Сlothes with English-language inscriptions»

1. do you know about the origin of the inscriptions on clothes?

1. yes

2. no

1. do you wear clothes with inscriptions in a foreign language?

1. yes

2. no

3. I find it difficult to answer

1. how often do you wear clothes with English inscriptions?

1. often

2. rarely

1. what kind of printed clothes do you prefer to wear?

1. t-shirt

2. sweater

3. jacket

Appendix 2

Results of the survey «Types of clothing popular among different age groups»

pic.1

pic.2

Pic.3

pic.4

Appendix 3

English is a language of inscriptions, the most popular among people

Love	Любовь
All you need is love	Все что тебе нужно – это любовь
Just for you	Только для тебя
Great Britain	Великобритания
London	Лондон
Now	Сейчас
To camp of	В лагерь
Iceberg	Айсберг
Stone Island	Каменный остров
New York	Нью Йорк
World of Tanks	Мир танков
Summer	Лето
Angry Birds	Злые птицы
Fly	Летать
Life	Жизнь
California	Калифорния
Crazy racer	Сумасшедший гонщик
Hungry Shark	Голодная акула
Gucci	Название бренда
Melt my heart	Растопи мое сердце
No parking	Не  парковаться
Catch me if you can	Поймай  меня, если сможешь
All you need is rock-n-roll	Все что тебе нужно – это  рок-н-ролл
Kiss me	Поцелуй меня!
Darling	Любимый
Born to be free	Рожден быть свободным
Best friends	Лучшие друзья

Appendix 4

Example of clothing with English-language inscriptions

Photo 1

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Photo 4

Photo 5

Photo 6