Тарханы Пензенской области

GA POY PO PKTT Topic: Tarkhany

Student: Vodolazhskaya Alexandra

Professor: Kopieva Olga Ivanovna.

Penza, 2018

Tarkhany, Lermontov Museum

Among the vast fields, forests and groves, along the banks of winding rivers in the north-west of the Penza region lies the ancient village of Tarkhany. Here, in the estate of Arsenyev Elizabeth Alekseevny and Mikhail Vasilyevich - grandfather and grandmother of the poet, spent his childhood and adolescent years, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Here he learned about life, people, himself. Here he first picked up a pencil, first touched the keys of the piano, began to learn the exact sciences. He returned here more than once, and here he dreamed of being buried.

Now in the former Tarkhans, now Lermontovo, there is the State Museum-Reserve of the great Russian poet. This is a unique historical and cultural monument of federal significance.

Near the house with a mezzanine in place of the former manor house is a small single-domed church of St. Mary of Egypt, built by Elizaveta Alekseevna in memory of her daughter Mary, mother of Lermontov. The exposition also includes another church - the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, built in the center of the village, and the family necropolis of the Arsenyev-Lermontovs. Only one hundred steps separates the manor house from the house of the housekeeper and the human hut. Now in the restored house of the key-keeper there is an exhibition entitled “Russian people, this hundred-armed giant ...”, which tells about the peasant environment of the poet.

Do you know what else is famous Tarkhansky reserve? Here are the museum-estate of VG Belinsky and the Museum A.I. Kuprina, Poimsky Historical and Architectural Museum and the Trinity Skanov Monastery. And according to the established tradition, the All-Russian Lermontov holiday is held annually on the first weekend of July in Tarkhany, in which literary and art workers take part.

You have a wonderful opportunity not only to plunge into the world of the Lermontov era, but also to enjoy folklore festivals and theatrical performances. You will see a traditional Tarkhany wedding, enjoy boating and horseback riding, take part in master classes that teach old Tarkhany crafts.

"The manor house was similar to all the master's houses: wooden with a mezzanine, painted with yellow paint ..." - this is how Lermontov remembered, the house where his childhood passed. The house that he always remembered and where he was striving.

The house was built in 1818 after the death of the only daughter of EA Arsenyev. In 1908, during the peasant unrest, it burned, a year later it was restored on the old foundation and in its previous form. In 1999, the house was restored, taking into account all the known documents on the Tarkha house and the analysis of similar buildings of the first quarter of the XIX century. Now the house houses the exposition of "Lermontov and Tarkhany in the context of the epoch", which reveals the theme of the poet's biographical and creative ties with the Tarkhans.

Among the memorials of the Tarkhan house are ceremonial handkerchiefs of the poet’s mother and his grandmother, an icon of the XVII century “The Savior, Not Made By Hands”, a toilet table owned by MM. Lermontov, drawings by the poet in pencil, one of the greatest paintings by Lermontov the artist "Caucasian View near the Village of Sioni", as well as the poet's personal belongings: a pipe, a cigarette case, a travel box, a porcelain inkwell, a travel album, a copy of 3 chapters by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", published in 1827.

The everyday situation, recreated in a manor's house, makes it possible to evaluate the role of the estate culture in shaping the personality of Lermontov. It was life in Tarkhany that gave the future great poet a feeling of freedom, unity with nature, a sense of belonging to the traditions of the ancestors.

In the immediate vicinity of the manor house there are two manor buildings in which yard farmers lived: the house of the housekeeper and the clerk, as well as the human hut. The buildings were restored on the foundations of Lermontov's time, they have a single exposition "The Russian people, this giant of the hands ...". Her materials: household utensils, everyday and festive peasant clothes, tools, homemade embroidered towels, weaving mills, graphic materials of Lermontov's time tell about everyday peasant life and folk holidays.

The exhibition presents documents of the XVIII - XIX centuries, engravings and lithographs depicting scenes of peasant life, materials of archaeological excavations. They tell about the history of settlement and land development, included in the estate of E.A. Arsenyeva, about his economic culture.

In 1794, the young spouses Mikhail Vasilyevich and Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyev - grandfather and grandmother M.Yu. Lermontov - bought an estate in Chembarsky district and began to equip the estate. The aesthetic side of the arrangement involved Mikhail Vasilyevich.

The new manor was divided into two parts: a front door (with a house and a park) and an economic (with outbuildings).

From the manor house opened three main specific perspectives. Western represented a wide panorama of the Big Pond and the village with the church. South opened to the gaze a wide linden alley through the Round Garden into the Oak Grove. To the east you could see the alley of the Far Garden. On the western side of the estate there were no buildings, and right behind the house there began a “magnificent garden located in a semi-mountain” and a park.

Ponds

Ponds in Tarkhany formed by damming in the riverbed Mararayki in the ravines. In the memoirs of A.P. Shan-Giray, who lived in Tarkhany in 1825 and later often visited them, mentioned “a large pond in front of the house”.

The level of the Big Pond was not always the same. During the restoration of the dam (it was often demolished), no one tried to strictly observe the previous level. The dam could be lower and higher than the previous one, which could cause the pond to shrink, retreat from the manor’s estate, and, conversely, increase, approaching it.

CHAPEL

A monument of black marble was erected over the grave of the poet, on it gold-carved: "Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. 1814-1841". To his left is a monument to the poet's mother, with a broken anchor on the cross. The inscription on the monument says: “Under the stone, this is the body of MM Lermontov, nee Arsenyeva. She died on February 24, 1817, on Saturday afternoon. She was 21 years old, 11 months and 7 days old.”

Right - a monument to his grandfather, M.V. Arsenyev.

After her grandson was reburied above the graves dear to her, EA Arsenyev built a chapel. Here, in the family tomb, she herself was buried four years after the death of her grandson.

In 1974, the poet’s father, Yury Petrovich Lermontov, whose remains were transported from the Lipetsk Region, was buried near the chapel.

Manor after the death of Lermontov

After the tragic death of the poet and Arsenyev’s death, according to her will, Tarkhany’s estate passed to A. A. Stolypin. Lermontov Manor was actually transferred to the administration of I. A. Sokolov, since Afanasy Alekseevich resided permanently in the Saratov province. In 1867, P. N. Zhuravlev, an educated person who understands the significance of the manor, replaced Gorchakov’s manager at his post.

He completely restored the manor house. In addition, he provided invaluable assistance in the collection of materials about the grandmother of the poet, his teenage and adolescent years in the Tarkhany. This man ruled the estate for 35 years, died in 1902, and was buried near the church of Michael the Archangel. The idea of ​​creating a museum in "Tarkhany" was first voiced in 1905 in the "Penza Gazette".

An unknown author called for the perpetuation of the poet's memory. Researchers of Mikhail Yuryevich and enthusiasts began to collect exhibits for the Lermontov Museum. The creators of the first exhibition were: M. D. Belyaev — curator of the funds of the State Literary Museum, consultants N. P. Pakhomov and T. A. Ivanova, graphic designer E. K. Rylova.

The restoration was completed in 1938. In the spring of 1939, visitors were allowed access to the poet’s grave, and on May 30, the grand opening of the Lermontov Museum took place. About 2,000 people convened for a rally dedicated to this event. In the very first years of its activity, the museum had a single exhibition building - a manor house. It all told about the life and work of the great poet.

In 1944, the Lermontov Museum was renamed the Manor Museum. In 1948, the USSR Council of Ministers allocated 9.6 hectares of land for this purpose. In 1960, "Tarkhany" (Lermontov estate) included in the list of culture and history of Russia.

Since 1969, the former estate is the State Museum-Reserve. Homestead Today At present, the museum includes a manor’s estate with a complex of monuments from the late 17th and early 19th centuries, the ancestral necropolis of the Arsenyev – Lermontovs, and the Apaliha estate, located not far from the Tarkhans.

Here the young poet often visited his beloved aunt MA Shan-Girey. The first major stage of restoration of protected objects was carried out in the 80s of the last century.

Tomb of the poet

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