Презентация по теме: Bronchitis. The Present Perfect Tense - Бронхит. Ая?тал?ан осы ша?

Bronchitis . The Present Perfect Tense - Бронхит. Аяқталған осы шақ

Bronchitis Bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea and the large and small bronchi within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. Acute bronchitis most commonly occurs after an upper respiratory infection such as the common cold or a sinus infection. You may see symptoms such as fever with chills, muscle aches, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Cough is a common symptom of bronchitis.

The cough may be dry or may produce phlegm. The cough may last for more than two weeks. Continued forceful coughing may make your chest and abdominal muscles sore. Coughing can be severe enough at times to injure the chest wall. Wheezing may occur because of the inflammation of the airways. This may leave you short of breath. By far, the majority of cases of bronchitis stem from viral infections.

This means that most cases of bronchitis are short-term and require nothing more than treatment of symptoms to relieve discomfort. Acetaminophen (Feverall, Panadol, Tylenol),aspirin, or ibuprofen(Motrin, Nuprin, Advil)will help with fever and muscle aches. Drinking fluids is very important because fever causes the body to lose fluid faster. Lung secretions will be thinner and easier to clear when the patient is well hydrated.

Vocabulary

1.bronchitis – бронхит ,

2.acute –өткір, күшті, қатты

3.inflammation –қабыну

4.air passages – тыныс жолдары

5.chills –қалтырау

6.muscle ache –бұлшық еттің ауруы

7.congestion –тығындау

8.sore throat –тамақ ауруы

9.phlegm –қақырық

10.to injure –зақымдау, зияндау

Answer the questions

1.What is bronchitis?

2.What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

3.How may be the cough?

4.Bronchitis is caused by viral infections, isn't it' ?

The Present Perfect Tense

Грамматикалық тақырып:

Аяқталған осы шақ

Present perfect simple generally describes past events which are connected to the present. Аяқталған осы шақ қолданылған сөйлемдерде істің аяқталғаны баяндалып, бірақ нәтижесі осы шақта жалғасады.

Positive Sentence Form :

have

has

Subject

+

+

Verb - ed/3

+

Object

asked

a question.

I

have

written

a letter.

She

has

We use this tense for finished actions but they have result now.

Definition:

Ex:

He has finished university.

Result: He has his diploma.

They have finished university.

He has broken his leg.

Result: He can’t walk now.

He has cought some fish.

Result: they are moving

She has drunk the water.

Result: There isn’t any water left.

Almat has just cought a fish.

Ermek has won the lottery.

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• you
• We
• They

Have

Has the bus stopped

at the bus stop?

Has

?

Spoken

V 3

Have

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• you
• We
• They

Have

Has

Spoken

V 3

?

Have

Has the bus stopped

at the bus stop?

Have they lived in Istanbul for two years?

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• you
• We
• They

taken

have not

Aygerim has not written a letter to her sister.

spoken

has not

given

told

have not

• I
• You
• He
• She
• It
• you
• We
• They

taken

have not

spoken

has not

given

told

have not

Aygerim has not written a letter to her sister.

Aliya bought hasn’t a pair of new shoes?

Time Expressions

Ever & Never We use ever and never when we talk about our experiences in life.

Have you ever eaten Moldavian food?

I have never eaten avocado.

Yet & Already We use yet in negative and question sentences. We use already in positive sentences.

I haven’t finished my work yet.

My cat has already finished his food.

Just We use just when we describe a very recent event.

I have just received a letter from my mother.

For & Since For describes a period of time. Since describes when the period of time started

He has worked here for ten years.

He has worked here since 1990.

Exercises

Ex:1. Complete these sentences in the present perfect simple

• They (to have) …. (to be) ... friends since childhood.
• I (to have not) …. (to see) ... her since she went to the hospital.
• She (to have) …. (to finish) … the book.
• We (to have not) …. (to hear) …. about him for a long time.
• He (to have) … (to receive) … letters from his brother.
• They (to have) …. (to have) their car for three years.

Ex: 2 Make up sentences:

1. English, have, I, passed, today, exam.

_________________________________________

2. prepared, has, experiment, everything, the, He, for.

___________________________________________

3. father, started, has, a new job, My.

____________________________

4. yet, I read, it, haven’t.

____________________________

5. read, you, letter? my, Have.

___________________________________

6. Mary, the, cleaned, has, already, windows.

______________________________________

Exercises

Since, for or have , has

• He ……. been in the army ……. two years.
• She …….lived all his life here.
• This is the only book he ………. written.
• I ……… never been late …….. the work.
• ……… . my accident I …….. written with my left hand.
• They ………. worn glasses ………. their childhood.

Лексикалық тақырып: “ Seasons and weather ” “ Жыл мезгілдері және ауа райы ”

a) Жаңа сөздердің оқылуын тыңдау және қайталау :

1. season [ 'si:zn] жыл мезгілі

2. weather [ 'weδ ә ] ауа райы

3. spring [ sprin] көктем

4. summer [ 's m ә ] жаз

5. autumn ['o:t ә m] күз

6. winter ['wint ә ] қыс

7. month [m nθ] ай

8. rain [rein] жаңбыр

9. hot [hot] ыстық

10. cloudless ['klaudles] бұлтсыз

11. warm [wo:m] жылы

12. fruit [fru:t] жеміс - жидек

13. vegetable ['vedz ә t ә bl] көкөніс

14. seaside ['si:said] теңіз жағалауы

15 . cold [kould] суық

16. snow [sn ә u] қар

17. bright [brait] ашық

18. dark ['da:k] қара

b) Мәтінді тыңдау және оқу :

Everyone knows that there are four seasons in a year:

spring

summer

winter

autumn

Each of them lasts 3 months.

Spring is a beautiful season.

Spring comes in March and ends in May.

It often rains in spring, especially in April.

Forests, fields, and trees in parks, gardens and streets are green.

There you can see white, red, blue and yellow flowers.

Summer is the hottest season in the year.

It begins in June and ends in August.

In summer the sky is clear and cloudless.

The days are long and the nights are short and warm.

Summer brings fruits and vegetables.

It is pleasant to spend this season by the seaside or somewhere in the country.

The Autumn months are September,

October and November.

The days are becoming shorter,

the sun lose its force.

It often rains.

The trees are yellow and red.

It is the season of harvesting.

Winter lasts three month as well:

December, January and February.

It is getting colder

day by day.

The sun shines rarely and it snows often.

But everything looks so pretty covered by snow.

So in every season there are bright and dark sides.

1. How many months are there in a year?

2. The weather … (to get) … gradually warmer.

1. What is the coldest season?

2. It … already (to get) … cold outside.

1. How many days has February in this year?

2. I … (to spend) … my holidays in the country this week.

1. How many seasons are there in a year?

2. People … (to wear) … raincoats and umbrellas.

1. What are the winter months?

2. We … (to make) … a snowman

today.

1. What is the hottest season?

2. Our family … (to spend) ... next summer at the seaside.

1. What are the autumn months?

2. I … never (to be) … late at the lessons.

• When is everything white with snow?

2. They … (to skate) … in the ice-sheet today.

The End