Презентация для урока английского языка 1

CHERNYAKHOVSK ATTRACTS TOURISTS

Violetta Mushak

School 4

Chernyakhovsk

HISTORY

The town of Insterburg was founded by the Teutonic knights

right in the middle of ancient Prussian land Nadruvia in

1336 .The castle erected on the hill (nowadays the castle

“ Insterburg”) and located

nearby settlement Schparge

caused a construction of a

new town. The name

“ Insterburg” originates from

the name of the river Inster,

as the town is located at its

mouth, and German “burg” – “fortress, castle”. As early as in

1544 a big settlement Insterg had already existed there and

on October 10, 1583 it received city rights.

The history of Insterburg –

Chernyakhovsk is related to

many persons of Royal

families, commanders,

poets and writers, etc.

For example:

Emperor

Napoleon

Barclay de Tolly

Ernst Wiechert

• After graduating from the University

I.Kant for a short time taught in

Judshen (today the village of Veselovka).

• Ännchen von Tharau , the heroine of

well-known German song, was buried in

Insterburg – Chernyahovsk.

• The Grand Embrassy of Peter the

Great passed the town and in 1709

the Tsar himself visited Insterburg.

• The historical ways of

“ Iron Chancellor” Otto

von Bismark and baron

Wrangel passed this town.

• Russian reseacher Andrey

Bolotov and many others

representatives of contemporary

culture and arts, political and

religious figures.

In 1927 the first trolleybus was launched in Insterburg. Famous

architects Hans Sharoun , Emil

Kadereit , Friedrich Adler ,

sculptors Hermann Brachert and

Stanislaus Kauer worked there.

They left magnificent heritage

of wonderful architectural ensembles.

In 1946

Insterburg was

renamed

Chernyakhovsk.

The site of ancient settlement Kamsvikus

(the village of Timofeevka) is a settlement dated back to the

Bronze Age. There are many Prussian legends and stories

about this place. It was the largest

fortification of the Prussian land

Nadruvia. The capture of this castle

is considered as the end of the

Teutonic Order’s conquest of Prussia.

In the bend of the Angrappa river the

site of ancient settlement is easily

observed in the landscape and is the real object of

archaeological heritage not only for the Kaliningrad region,

but for the world in general.

There are two castles of

Teutonic Age located in the

town, this fact

Chernyakhovsk a unique

one for the Russian

Federation.

“ The Castle Insterburg”

is a monument of Federal importance. Founded in

1336 by the command of the Grand Master of the

Teutonic Order Dutrich von Altenburg . Originally the

fortress was erected in wood and only in 1380 it was

constructed in stone. It served as an advanced post

for the Teutonic knights in their struggle with

Lithuania. It was burned several times and like

Phoenix rose from the ashes and became more

powerful. Until the Second World War the Museum

of local history of Insterburg Association of Antiquity

was located in the citadel of the castle.

“ The Castle Georgenburg”

is the most well-preserved castle in the Kaliningrad

region. Erected in 1337 on the step bank of the

Inster river 2 km far from the settlement Schparge

(later Insterburg – Chernyakhovsk ) for the Bishop

of Samland. After war of 1812 the castle was bought

by the Simpsons , the immigrants from Scotland, who

founded a horse – breeding farm. In 1899 the castle

and the farm were bought by the state of Prussia for

three million Marks. Since that time the farm is wide

known far away from the borders of our region.

The third medieval castle Saalau is located

in the village of Kamenskoe near

Chernyakhovsk. It was founded atop the

former Prussian fortress Vostopolo. At the

beginning of the 17 th century it became the

property of the Prince Leopold . Since the 19 th

century the castle was owned by the state.

Nowadays you can see only the ruins of the

construction of the Teutonic Age.

“ The house of pastor”

in the village of Veselovka is place referring life and

work of Immanuel Kant. In 1746 for ten after

graduating from Koenigsberg University year I.Kant

worked as a home teacher for three rich families.

Two families were aristocratic ones. This way I. Kant

earned for living and for his phylosophic studies. His

first place he worked as a teacher was the village of

Judshen (nowadays the village of Veselovka of the

Chernyakhovsk region). He was invited to work

there by a pastor.

“ The Tower of Bismarck”

was erected by the architect Emil Kadereit . Practically it is

the only construction of such sort preserved in the

Kaliningrad region. Otto von Bismarck influenced a lot the

development of Germany in the second half of the 19 th

century. First of all, it was Otto von Bismarck who played a

leading role in the unification of German lands, done by

“ metal and blood”. A new influential state appeared at the

map of Europe the German Empire. After the unification

(the second half of the 19 th century) many rich landowners

erected so call “Towers of Bismarck” on their land plots.

“ The Craft school”

In the 1920 th the construction company of Emil

Kadereit took part in the erection of the

professional vocational handicraft school for girls.

Such subjects as sewing, housekeeping, state

history, cooking were taught at school. Also

home teachers were trained there. People called

this school “the Academy of chopped meat”.

Nowadays it is a Gymnasium No. 2.

“ Town Hall”

In 1927 the contest for the construction of

the Town Hall was appealed. After the war a hospital

was located in this building. Nowadays the building

is serving for the resident of the town the way it did

in tha past and is preserved by state. Today the

building has another history. The world of books and

information will meet you at the library located in

80 % of the premises of the old Town Hall.

The church imitating the medieval Gothic Cathedrals

faces the central street of the town – Lenin Street,

by its Eastern facade. Catholic church of St.

Bruno was constructed at the beginning of the last

century. The architect of the church Friedrich

Heitman is one of the most famous architects of the

Eastern Prussia. It was constructed in 1902 – 1904 .

Its interior is done in Gothic style. Stained glasses

are worth paying special attention to (two parts

have been preserved). Two paintings of the artist

Johannes Olesha “The way to Golotha” and “Death

sentence Pontius Pilate to Jesus” are famous all over

the world.

Majestic building with three towers is located

in the central part of the town – Orthodox

Church of St. Mikhail . Previously it was a

Lutheran reformatory church, erected in

1886 – 1890 by Koenigsberg architect

Friedrich Adler in Neo – Roman style. The

church was used a garrison one. Now this

church has been renovated and occupied by

the Orthodox church of St. Mikhail.

“ The Villa of Brandes”

The building was erected in 1984

as a private house. The owner of

this house was one of the richest

landowners of the Eastern Prussia

Ernst Brandes .

“ The stone to memorize the visit of Peter the Great”

In the morning of May 14, 1697 “the Grand

Embassy” left Zhiling and the same day it was

met in Insterburg: local authorities welcomed

it with congratulations and greeting, armed

burghers were standing along the streets,

people beat drums and played flutes. After a

short rest the Grand Embassy continued its

way through the valley of the Pregel river to

Koenigsberg.

At the end of the 19 th century the

school for boys was erected. Its

pupils studied here for ten forms. In

1893 the school was granted with

the status of gymnasium. After

finishing this school its graduates

had a right to enter Koenigsberg

University.

On June 6, 2005 the railway and

railway station of Insterburg

celebrated 145 – year anniversary. In

1860 the railway line Koenigsberg –

Schtalupennen was opened. The railway

station was constructed the same period.

During the Eastern Prussian operation of

1945 the station was destroyed.

On the square in front of the railway

station there is a monument to

commander, General

I.Chernyakhovsky by the sculptor

Boris Edunov and architect Mikhail

Nasekin . This bronze monument on

the pedestal of red granite was

opened on May 7, 1977 .

There is a monument to Commander –

in – chief of the First Russian Army

Field – Marshal M. Barclay de Tolly in

the village of Nagornoe, 8 km far from

Chernyakhovsk. The monument was erected

in 1821 by the order of the King Friedrich

Wilhelm III of Prussia at the place the great

commander died (the monument of the

federal importance).

OLD AND NEW BUILDINGS

LITERATURE:

• Guidebook: the Kaliningrad region. The

zone of rest and entertainment.

March, № 2, 2008

Yuriy Tashkov