Презентация для урока лингвострановедения "Города Крыма"

Greater Yalta

Greater Yalta stretches for 72 km from Gurzuf to Phoros and includes Simeiz, Alupka, Miskhor, Koreiz, Gaspra, Livadia, Oreanda, and Massandra. This is a unique landscape park and historical cultural area with excellent mild healing climate.

The word ‘Yalta’ translated from Ancient Greek means ‘coast’. It was this marvelous coast that Greek sailors saw after a terrible storm and where they founded the settlement of Yalita. The Tauri lived in the neighbourhood. Their burial places dating back to 6th-5th cc. BC were found on the slopes of Polikurovskiy Hill. The remains of Iskhar Fortification and a temple in the Iograph Cave have been preserved since the Middle Ages. For the first time the town was mentioned in the 12th c. as Yalita. Since the 14th c. it has been marked on sea geographical charts of Europe under various names.

The rapid development of the town started after the governor of the Novorossiysk region the Count Vorontsov in 1824-1848 laid down a road from Yalta to Simpheropol, and later to Sevastopol.

At the same time the Cathedral of St. John Chrysostom was built. The tall bell-tower became a reference for sailors. With the Romanovs having bought an estate in Livadia, Yalta transformed into a prestigious aristocratic resort.

Yalta itself is located in the center of a huge mountain amphitheater. Alps reach 1,300-1,500 m above the sea level. Two mountain rivers flow through the town - the Derekoika (the Rapid) and the Uchan- Su. The latter is known for the highest Crimea’s waterfalls - the Uchan-Su (Flying Water) located 8 km from Yalta, on the road to Ai-Petri in the marvelous pine forest. The water is rushing down from a sheer steep 98.5 m high. The waterfalls are particularly impressive in spring in snow melting or after heavy rains.

The famous Yalta’s embankment, a favourite promenade place for holiday-makers, stretches between the Uchan-Su and the Derekoika estuaries. The splendid Primorsky Park starts from the hotel ‘Oreanda’. The picturesque Massandra Park was planted by M. Vorontsov on the other side of Yalta in the 19th c.

Among Yalta’s sightseeing tops the Palace of Bukhara Emir (1903) is worth mentioning. At the splendid embankment the eye is caught by the huge

500 -year-old sycamore of Isadora Duncan. Here the famous ballet dancer was dating poet Sergei Yesenin. The hotel ‘Mariino’ (1883, 1898, 1903, by N. P. Krasnov and N. Tarasov) hosted many outstanding figures of Ukraine and Russia. In 1899 Anton Chekhov checked in here next to Olga Knieper, and he came up with an idea of the famous story ‘Lady with Lapdog’. From here he moved to a house on the plot bought by him in the village of Verkhniaya Autka (at present it is Yalta’s district Chekhovo). Writer’s house museum was created there. In Yalta A. Chekhov wrote world-wide known plays ‘Three Sisters’ and ‘The Cherry Orchard’. The Church of St. Fyodor (Theodore) Tyron where Anton Chekhov married the actress Olga Knipper is located close to Chekhov’s house.

The name of Lesia Ukrainka is also associated with Yalta. Here she wrote ‘Iphigenia in Taurida’ and a series of poems. The museum was opened in the house where she stayed in 1907-1908. In addition to the display dedicated to the Ukrainian poetess one can find a lot of unique things of her Yalta’s life there.

The architectural and design solution distinguishes the Church of St. Hripsime (architect G. Ter-Mikaelian). The 100-Step staircase leads to the church. It is decorated with original paintings and ornaments performend by the Armenian painter V. Sureniants buried at The temple’s wall.

No one cannot but be impressed by the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky (archt. K. Platon) erected under the direction of the famous Yalta architect N. Krasnov in 1902. The cathedral was built in memory of the tragic death of Alexander II.

The row of the most fashionable health centers and rest houses buried in verdure of marvelous parks starts westward from Yalta. The first one is ‘Low Oreanda’ (Greek for ‘Rocky’), the former estate of Alexandra Fedorovna, the wife of the Emperor Nicholas I. A park of unique beauty, a rotunda, and Intercession Church with fragments of splendid mosaics by Italian master A. Salviatti have been preserved from the gorgeous tsar’s palace. Poets P. Viazemsky and I. Annensky dedicated their poems to Oreanda, here A. Chekhov placed the heroes of his ‘Lady with Lapdog’.

The peak of steep Rock Aurora is harmoniously topped with the Crimea’s symbol - the Swallow Nest Castle. Nearby, at Cape Ai-Todor, the most famous Crimean lighthouse, a sailors’ identification point, is located. Here, in Ai-Todor Valley, at Swallow Nest bottom, the Golden Fleece was kept in the mythical cave, and in the 70 AD, under the Roman Emperor Vespasian, the cape was topped with the fortress Kharaks.

In 1907, the architect N. Krasnov erected one of his astonishing palaces and the delicate church of Our God Transfiguration and St. Nina just near the fortress, in the estate of the Grand Prince Georgiy Mikhailovich. The church was built in commemoration of miraculous healing of grand prince’s daughter Nina.The Kharaks Palace is designed in Scottish style and roofed with ‘English tile’. Each facade is both peculiar the architect’s creative method and inimitable can get the complete idea of the palace only und it. The palace is surrounded with the Kharaks Park-Museum with unique grovesof 300-500-year old pubescent oaks and 500-1000 year old Greek junipers.Everybody's eye in the park is caught by an Athenian pavilion with a fountain in the middle, built in ancient Greece. At the beginning of the 20th c. the Grand Prince Georgiy Mikhailovich brought it from Greece for his beloved wife Grand Princess Maria Georgiyevna so that the princess born in Greece could feel in the Crimea like at home.

Another remarkable creature by N. Krasnov is the palace ensemble of the Grand Prince Petr Nikolayevich - Diulber - built in Miskhor in 1895-1897. It looks unusual due to Saracen style of 10th-13 th cc. Egypt and Syria. The snow-white palace is hidden by palm verdure and appears in all its beauty when you are strolling around. It amazingly changes at each turn. It is as if you were in Sheherezada's tale. The image becomes even more evident thanks to a mountainous relief and a luxurious park with fountains.

The palace of princes Yusupovy is nearby, in Koreiz. Here was the residence of Soviet delegation headed by I. Stalin during the Crimean 1945 Conference.

The Greater Yalta coast is marvelous, the area between Simeiz (Greek for ‘sign’) and Phoros just strikes imagination with its beauty. Mounts Cat, Dragon, Paneya, Rocks Diva, Swan's Wing, Biyuk-Isar, ‘Stone Sea' near the village of Opolznevoye, combined into fantasy, form miraculous landscapes you cannot but admiring again and again. Since the late 19th c. the most prestigious dachas (‘summer villas’) including the famous residence of M. Gorbachov in Phoros have been located here. At present Gorbachov’s dacha has been transformed into the residence of the President of Ukraine. Resurrection Church is above it at the height of 400 m on the top of Red Rock, as if flying in the clouds. The church was built by the architect N. Chagin in 1892 to commemorate the lucky rescue of the Emperor Alexander III during the derailment at the station of Borki. Painting was performed by artists K, Makovsky and A. Korzukhin.

The Baidarsky Pass is over the church. In 1848 the Baidarsky Gate was constructed here in honour of completion the Sevastopol-Yalta road.

Greater Yalta is not just these fairy-tale places. There are two more where human creatures and original nature make together a particular impression - Alupka and Livadia.

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«Презентация для урока лингвострановедения "Города Крыма" »

Presentation on the topic: Towns of Crimea

The work has been done by

Kolesnikova E.N.

Massandra owes its glory to wine. Wine-making was initiated by the Count Vorontsov but it became famous after the estate had been bought by the Emperor Alexander III, He invited the Prince L. Golitsyn, whose work in Expert Committee at the World Wine Exhibition in Paris was awarded with a Legion of Honour by French government, to manage local wine growing and wine making. At the same time the emperor wanted to finish building the palace. The construction of the palace in a la Louis XIII style was started in 1881, but it was completed only in 1902, yet was never fully furnished. The emperor’s family used it only for rest during summer promenades and hunting. And the basic reason was that the main wine cellar had been created in Massandra. This impressive construction was finished in 1897. Massandra

Massandra owes its glory to wine. Wine-making was initiated by the Count Vorontsov but it became famous after the estate had been bought by the Emperor Alexander III, He invited the Prince L. Golitsyn, whose work in Expert Committee at the World Wine Exhibition in Paris was awarded with a Legion of Honour by French government, to manage local wine growing and wine making. At the same time the emperor wanted to finish building the palace. The construction of the palace in a la Louis XIII style was started in 1881, but it was completed only in 1902, yet was never fully furnished. The emperor’s family used it only for rest during summer promenades and hunting. And the basic reason was that the main wine cellar had been created in Massandra. This impressive construction was finished in 1897.

Massandra

Massandra Wine Cellars are unique structures. They consist of 7 tunnels 150 m long and 4-5 m wide, fanning from the central gallery. The soil layer above tunnels is 53 m. Nine galleries - for bottle ripening - are located even deeper. A sophisticated ventilation system, cooling of the air with water from local waterfalls, and a thick soil layer create an ideal constant temperature for ripening sweet wines, 14-15.5° C. The capacity initially planned of 800 thousand liters of wine in tuns and 1 million 400 thousand bottles has been exceeded trice. The collection of rare wines - enoteca - totaling 971 thousand bottles is of particular value. Among them are 11 thousands of unique museum fund, including such rarities as sherries De la Frontera of 1775, Gloria of 1830, Paharet of 1848, Muscat ‘Barcelona’ of 1828. The part of this collection was immured, and the fascists failed to find it. It is in these cellars that the vintage collection red port Livadia - the favourite wine of Nickolas II - ripens finally. ‘White Muscat of Red Stone’ (21 golden medal and 2 Grand-Prix cups) and ‘White Muscat Livadia’ (Grand-Prix cup) have become known worldwide.

Massandra Wine Cellars are unique structures. They consist of 7 tunnels 150 m long and 4-5 m wide, fanning from the central gallery. The soil layer above tunnels is 53 m. Nine galleries - for bottle ripening - are located even deeper.
A sophisticated ventilation system, cooling of the air with water from local waterfalls, and a thick soil layer create an ideal constant temperature for ripening sweet wines, 14-15.5° C.
The capacity initially planned of 800 thousand liters of wine in tuns and 1 million 400 thousand bottles has been exceeded trice. The collection of rare wines - enoteca - totaling 971 thousand bottles is of particular value. Among them are 11 thousands of unique museum fund, including such rarities as sherries De la Frontera of 1775, Gloria of 1830, Paharet of 1848, Muscat ‘Barcelona’ of 1828. The part of this collection was immured, and the fascists failed to find it. It is in these cellars that the vintage collection red port Livadia - the favourite wine of Nickolas II - ripens finally. ‘White Muscat of Red Stone’ (21 golden medal and 2 Grand-Prix cups) and ‘White Muscat Livadia’ (Grand-Prix cup) have become known worldwide.

The first people appeared here 5 thousand years ago. Later the Tauri made a sanctuary on Dzenevez- Kala (Genoese Rock). Under the Emperor Justinian I In the 6 th c. the construction of fortress Gurzuvita started at this rock. In the 13 th -15 th cc. the Genoese reconstructed and strengthened It. The main defensive block of fortification was located on the rock’s southern site. The northern site housed a water reservoir, and a small basilica was on the steep rock edge. In 1811 Duke de Richelieu well- known for Odessa inhabitants built his ‘hermitage’ (French for ‘country house’) in the Genoese Valley. In 1820 Alexander Pushkin spent ‘the happiest minutes of life’ in his house. Perhaps, It was the rest in Gurzuf that inspired him to write, ‘I am tempted and vivified by only thought that once I would have a plot of land in the Crimea.’ In Gurzuf he fell in love with Maria Rayevska. The Crimea’s charm was reflected in many his chef-d’oeuvres. Gurzuf

The first people appeared here 5 thousand years ago. Later the Tauri made a sanctuary on Dzenevez- Kala (Genoese Rock).
Under the Emperor Justinian I In the 6 th c. the construction of fortress Gurzuvita started at this rock. In the 13 th -15 th cc. the Genoese reconstructed and strengthened It. The main defensive block of fortification was located on the rock’s southern site. The northern site housed a water reservoir, and a small basilica was on the steep rock edge.
In 1811 Duke de Richelieu well- known for Odessa inhabitants built his ‘hermitage’ (French for ‘country house’) in the Genoese Valley. In 1820 Alexander Pushkin spent ‘the happiest minutes of life’ in his house. Perhaps, It was the rest in Gurzuf that inspired him to write, ‘I am tempted and vivified by only thought that once I would have a plot of land in the Crimea.’ In Gurzuf he fell in love with Maria Rayevska. The Crimea’s charm was reflected in many his chef-d’oeuvres.

Gurzuf

There is a grotto in Genoese Rock in the old part of Artek. Waves break at rocks far beneath, and the breath is captured by the amazing view of Aiu-Dag, Rocks Adalary (Brothers), Pushkin’s Rock, the boundless sea. The divine scenery opens near the grotto at night when the moon path sparkles between Adalary and spills beneath at the rock bottom. The works by M. Musorgsky (‘Gurzuf at Aiu-Dag*), D. Burliuk, and N. Nekrasov reflect their admiration of Gurzuf. The artist K. Korovin built his famous creative workshop ‘Salambo’ here; A. Chekhov, a small villa on the rocky cape. Today this place is called Chekhovka, and the hard-reached beach is favourite with nudists. Gurzuf was glorified by the entrepreneur P. Gubonin who transformed this area into the most fashionable Crimean resort. He built 7 hotels, the most luxurious Crimean restaurant and planted a beautiful park. The fountains ‘Night’ and ‘Rachel’ have been preserved until our days. 7 kilometers along the sea-side from Gurzuf to Aiu-Dag are occupied by children’s republic Artek, with the area of 280 ha. It includes 10 camps and has capacities for accommodation of 5,000 children at the same time.

There is a grotto in Genoese Rock in the old part of Artek. Waves break at rocks far beneath, and the breath is captured by the amazing view of Aiu-Dag, Rocks Adalary (Brothers), Pushkin’s Rock, the boundless sea. The divine scenery opens near the grotto at night when the moon path sparkles between Adalary and spills beneath at the rock bottom.
The works by M. Musorgsky (‘Gurzuf at Aiu-Dag*), D. Burliuk, and N. Nekrasov reflect their admiration of Gurzuf. The artist K. Korovin built his famous creative workshop ‘Salambo’ here; A. Chekhov, a small villa on the rocky cape. Today this place is called Chekhovka, and the hard-reached beach is favourite with nudists. Gurzuf was glorified by the entrepreneur P. Gubonin who transformed this area into the most fashionable Crimean resort. He built 7 hotels, the most luxurious Crimean restaurant and planted a beautiful park. The fountains ‘Night’ and ‘Rachel’ have been preserved until our days. 7 kilometers along the sea-side from Gurzuf to Aiu-Dag are occupied by children’s republic Artek, with the area of 280 ha. It includes 10 camps and has capacities for accommodation of 5,000 children at the same time.

This is the place for admiring splendid views: Mount Bear to the west, Bird’s Rocks to the south, and a toy-like castle in Neo Roman style hidden in the old park to the east. This is the former palace of princes Gagarins built by the design of the architect P. Krasnov. Not far from here, on the territory of ‘Karasan’ health center, Italian stone-pines surround the palace of princes Rayevsky. Alexander Pushkin was friends with the estate’s owner and loved his sister Maria Rayevskaya. The settlement of Partenit (Greek for ‘maid ) has found a shelter at the eastern Mount Bear slope. In the Middle Ages this was a center of Goth Eparchy. Numerous myths including that about Iphigenia mention Partenit. To the northeast the Alushta Valley is protected with the most mysterious Crimean mountain, Demerdzhi (Mount Blacksmith). Even the most confirmed sceptic cannot withstand the play of fancy. The fairy tale silhouettes of rocks have inspired many myths.

It stretches from the west to the east, from the settlement of Partenit to the village of Privetnoye and is located in the biggest depression on the Southern Coast. In the 6th c. the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I built the fortress Aluston, initiating the history of the future Alushta. Two 16-meter towers and wall fragments have remained from that fortress.
The most picturesque place of Alushta - the Professor’s corner - is located at the Kastel Mount (Greek for ‘fortress’ ) bottom. There are the best sanatoriums, rest houses, and hotels of Alushta, as well as a number of memorial museums: of the architect A. Beketov, of the most well-known Russian writer-emigrant I. Shmelev, et al., here. Alushta is not rich in historical monuments, but this lack is more than compensated with marvelous surroundings. The small, but amazingly picturesque Cape Plaka (‘Flat Stone’) is to the west of Alushta. The ancient times remembered the Greek settlement Lampas (lamp, lighthouse’) here.

Greater Alushta

Remains of the fortress Funa (Greek for ‘fumy’) and a Greek church can be seen at the mountain bottom. There was a trade way from Gurzuf to Alushta here in the middle ages, and the fortress played a key part in protecting eastern borders of the Feodoro Principality. The Valley of Ghosts is not far from the fortress. In the evening this valley studded with stone chaos animates. Legendary heroes, fortress towers, fantastic monsters are approaching from the haze. This astonishing performance cannot but capture your mind and emotions, and you will never forget it.

Remains of the fortress Funa (Greek for ‘fumy’) and a Greek church can be seen at the mountain bottom. There was a trade way from Gurzuf to Alushta here in the middle ages, and the fortress played a key part in protecting eastern borders of the Feodoro Principality.
The Valley of Ghosts is not far from the fortress. In the evening this valley studded with stone chaos animates. Legendary heroes, fortress towers, fantastic monsters are approaching from the haze. This astonishing performance cannot but capture your mind and emotions, and you will never forget it.

A woman ‘s silhouette can be seen at Demerdzhi top from Simpheropol road. This bust created by the nature is called ‘Head of Catherine II’ or ‘Maria’ (by the myth about the girl and the blacksmith). One of the tourist attractions, Dzhur-Dzhur (‘Babbling’) waterfalls, the most full-flowing waterfalls in the Crimea, are at Demerdzhi slope in Khapkhal Canyon. Observing the mountain necklace around Alushta you are struck with Mount Chatyr-Dag (‘Marquee Mount’). The greatest mountain’s attraction is carst caves, unique for their beauty, with numerous stalactite and stalagmite decorations. The caves here total 150. The Marble Cave and Emine-Bair-Khosar Cave are furnished for tourist visiting. Chatyr-Dag is popular also among winter sports fans. There is a mountain ski route on its slopes. From here, standing 1.5 km over the sea, you may observe the whole steppe Crimea, the Sea of Azov, and the Eupatoria Gulf in fine weather.

A woman ‘s silhouette can be seen at Demerdzhi top from Simpheropol road. This bust created by the nature is called ‘Head of Catherine II’ or ‘Maria’ (by the myth about the girl and the blacksmith).
One of the tourist attractions, Dzhur-Dzhur (‘Babbling’) waterfalls, the most full-flowing waterfalls in the Crimea, are at Demerdzhi slope in Khapkhal Canyon. Observing the mountain necklace around Alushta you are struck with Mount Chatyr-Dag (‘Marquee Mount’). The greatest mountain’s attraction is carst caves, unique for their beauty, with numerous stalactite and stalagmite decorations. The caves here total 150. The Marble Cave and Emine-Bair-Khosar Cave are furnished for tourist visiting. Chatyr-Dag is popular also among winter sports fans. There is a mountain ski route on its slopes. From here, standing 1.5 km over the sea, you may observe the whole steppe Crimea, the Sea of Azov, and the Eupatoria Gulf in fine weather.