Minor types of word formation

Minor types of word formation

Zinep Kurdau

EU-3-13

Reduplications

Blending

Shortening

Minor types of word formation

Back-formation

Sound-imitation

Sound-interchange

The stress distinction

Shortening

• the process and the result of forming a word out of the initial elements (letters, morphemes) of a word combination

A new word from a syllable

a new word from the initial letters of a word group

telephone – phone

refrigerator — fridge

U.N.O – United Nation Organization

Blending

the process of combining parts of two words to form one word

Smog=smoke + fog

The sound of the verbs to rush, to dash, to flash , may be said to reflect the brevity, swiftness and energetic nature of their corresponding actions.

Sound-imitation

• formation of words from sounds that resemble those associated with the object or action to be named or that seem suggestive of its qualities

Dogs

Russian

English

Гавкать, Выть.

Cock

Bark, Howl

Cats

Кукареку

Cock-a-doodle-doo

Мяу

Mew, Miaow

Reduplication

• new words are made up by doubling a stem

without any phonetic changes:

with a variation of the root-vowel or consonant:

buy-buy

ping-pong,

chit-chat

Back-formation

• the derivation of new words by subtracting a real or supposed affix from existing words through misinterpretation of their structure

Affix –er

Paint-er from to paint

a verb was produced from a noun by subtraction

Sound-interchange

• a change of a phoneme in a morpheme resulting in a new lexical meaning

Song – to sing, food – feed

The stress distinction

For example

’ Conduct (n) (behavior) – con’duct (v) (to lead or guide in a formal way)

Thank you!!!