Making Canadian Law

The 19th of January

The 19 th of January

Law

• constitution  [ kɔnstɪˈtjuːʃən ] конститу́ция;
• conventions [ kənˈvenʃən] конве́нция 
• act [ ækt] қимыл, әрекет, акт
• affirm  [ əˈfəːm ]  бекіту
• precedent  [ ˈprɛsɪdənt ]  n  прецеде́нт (үстемділік)
• amend  [əˈmend] жақсарту,өзгерту
• Charter [ ˈtʃɑːtə r ] уста́в; ( document, constitution )хартия(ескі қолжазба)
• guarantee  [ gærənˈtiː ]  n  гара́нтия,кепіл
• basic [ ˈbeɪsɪk ]  adj  ( fundamental ) негізгі
• freedom ˈ[friːdəm] бостандық
• period[ ˈpɪərɪəd] дәуір

JUMBLED GAME: Arrange the underlined letters to have the right words in the sentences.

• The people have the domfree to vote.
• It is the sicab process of making the law.
• The tioncovenn between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• To riafmf is to say yes or agree.
• The tca is based on the tionsctuoti .

How a bill becomes law

The legislative process

Making Canada’s Laws

• Making Laws
• When you fly in an airplane, visit a national park or buy a product in a store, you are doing something that has probably been touched by a law made in Parliament.
• An idea to make a new law or to change an existing law starts out as a "bill." Each bill goes through several stages to become law. At first reading, the bill is considered read for the first time and is printed. There is no debate. At second reading, Members debate the principle of a bill — is the idea behind it sound? Does it meet people's needs? If a bill passes at second reading, it goes to a committee of the House.
• Committee members study the bill carefully. They hold hearings to gather information. They can ask for government officials and experts to come and answer questions. The committee can propose amendments, or changes, to the bill.
• When a committee has finished its study, it reports the bill back to the House. The entire House can then debate it. During report stage debate, Members can suggest other amendments to the bill.
• Once report stage is over, the bill is called for third reading debate. Members who voted for the bill at second reading may sometimes change their minds at third reading after seeing what amendments have or have not been made to the bill. After a bill has passed third reading in the House of Commons, it goes through a similar process in the Senate. Once both Chambers pass the bill in the same form, it is given Royal Assent and becomes law.
• The chart shows the usual path followed by government bills introduced in the House of Commons .

• Grammar Part: Second Conditional

Second Conditional is used to talk about impossible situations.

(If + past simple, would+ infinitive)

if caluse + main clause

Examples:

If I were the president, I would make Kazakhstan the richest country in the world.

She would take the position, if the people voted her.

If they won the competition, they would go to Disney Land.

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•                                                                 THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
• EXAMPLES
• We use the second conditional to talk about unreal or hypotheticalsituations that are unlikely to happen.The subordinate clause (If-clause) has the verb in the past simple. The main clause has the verb in the conditional form - would + infinitive
• " If I studied harder, I would get better results""If it stopped raining, I would go for a walk"
• "If we won the lottery, we would buy a new car"
• "If you didn't drink so much coffee, you would sleep better."
• "If I were you, I'd buy that car"
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•      1. Poor William! Complete the sentences with the correct verb.  In the sentences where both was/were are possible, use were:
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• a) If William  (not/watch) so many horror films, he  (not/be) scared of the dark.
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• b) If William  (be) braver, he  (not/feel) frightened of thunder and lightning.
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• c) If William  (not/spend) so much time playing video games, he  (get) better grades at school.
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• d) If William  (ate) healthier food, he  (not/be) ill so often.
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• e) If he   (not/be) ill so often, he  (not/miss) so many classes.
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• f) If his parents  (not/allow) him to drink so much coke, he   (sleep) much better.
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• g) If William  (sleep) better at night, he  (start) his day with more energy.
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• h) If he  (start) his day with more energy, he  (do) many more things.
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• i) If William  (practice) a sport, he  (keep) fit and healthy.
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• j) If he  (keep) fit and healthy, he  (feel) more confident.
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• k) If he  (feel) more confident, his self-esteem  (increase).
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• l) If his self-esteem  (increase), he  (not/have) so many problems to sleep at night.
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• 2. Choose the best option to finish the sentences:
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• a) If I had an umbrella, 
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• b) If Jane earned enough money, 
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• c) If the weather was better, 
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• d) The teacher would explain the lesson again 
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• e) If I were you, 
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• f) I would go on a diet 
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• g) If I could choose anywhere in the planet to go on holiday, 
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• h) If you found a wallet plenty of money in the street, 
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• i) What would you eat 
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• j) If I had more free time, 
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