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Language power and political correctness

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«Language power and political correctness»

Language power

Language power

Political correctness (PC, 1975) PC has 2 levels: - a matter of choosing one’s words carefully - ideological ( all political relationships are defined in language deemed to be correct (obligatory) or incorrect (inadmissible). The Human Stain

Political correctness (PC, 1975)

  • PC has 2 levels:

- a matter of choosing one’s words carefully

- ideological ( all political relationships are defined in language deemed to be correct (obligatory) or incorrect (inadmissible).

The Human Stain

  • The Human Stain
  • The Human Stain
  • The Human Stain
  • PC relates to a number of “societal sins”, - isms (racism, sexism, ageism, ableism, sizeism, etc)
Identity : Language, race and ethnicity

Identity : Language, race and ethnicity

  • Identity is about how we define who we are.
  • Some Identities can be privileged over others (white Europeans – non-Europeans)
  • Language can be an instrument of oppression
  • Anti-Racist Language
Anti-Racist Language Banned or problematic Alternatives Race Ethnicity or nationality Black, nigger, negro, coloured, Afro-American African American Indians Native Americans, “First Nations” people, First Americans Immigrants, foreigners Newcomer s Aborigines Indigenious population Oriental Asian (using specific nationality) White Caucasian Minority groups People of colour, traditionally underrepresented groups Half-breed Multi-ethnic

Anti-Racist Language

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Race

Ethnicity or nationality

Black, nigger, negro, coloured, Afro-American

African American

Indians

Native Americans, “First Nations” people, First Americans

Immigrants, foreigners

Newcomer s

Aborigines

Indigenious population

Oriental

Asian (using specific nationality)

White

Caucasian

Minority groups

People of colour, traditionally underrepresented groups

Half-breed

Multi-ethnic

Language and gender : “One man in two is a woman” Language is an expression of patriarchy – women are voiceless in language, because public discourse is dominated by men and the language of public discourse is “encoded” with male meanings (Edwin Ardener) E.g.: Man Mankind Manpower Man-made fibers Brotherhood

Language and gender : “One man in two is a woman”

  • Language is an expression of patriarchy – women are voiceless in language, because public discourse is dominated by men and the language of public discourse is “encoded” with male meanings (Edwin Ardener)
  • E.g.: Man

Mankind

Manpower

Man-made fibers

Brotherhood

  • Mankind Manpower Man-made fibers Brotherhood
  • Mankind Manpower Man-made fibers Brotherhood
  • Are we equal?
Language, Gender and Culture Divide the following nouns according to the category of gender into masculine, feminine and nongendered (neuter). Secretary, doctor, wife, president, bride, dancer, footballer, groom, sales assistant, manager, policeman, nurse, heir, doll, maid-servant, victim, cousin, thief, priest, widow, hero, monk, spinster, cleaner, nun, professor, scout, fireman, mother, student, husband, tramp

Language, Gender and Culture

  • Divide the following nouns according to the category of gender into masculine, feminine and nongendered (neuter).

Secretary, doctor, wife, president, bride, dancer, footballer, groom, sales assistant, manager, policeman, nurse, heir, doll, maid-servant, victim, cousin, thief, priest, widow, hero, monk, spinster, cleaner, nun, professor, scout, fireman, mother, student, husband, tramp

Controversial Alternatives Women womyn or wimmin Double pronouns (he/she; s/he) Alternative pronouns (hir, jhe, hesh, ze, etc.) Nongendered expressions (one) Ungrammatical “ They” Every child should know who their father is. Julia added 1 new song to their profile. Generic “ She” Hold your baby’s hands away from her food.

Controversial Alternatives

  • Women womyn or wimmin
  • Double pronouns (he/she; s/he)
  • Alternative pronouns (hir, jhe, hesh, ze, etc.)
  • Nongendered expressions (one)
  • Ungrammatical “ They”

Every child should know who their father is.

Julia added 1 new song to their profile.

  • Generic “ She”

Hold your baby’s hands away from her food.

Miss, Mrs, Ms, or … ? Women’s status Traditional: Mr. and Mrs. John Winston “ We talked of you and Mrs. You” (Henry James, a letter to his friend, 1894)

Miss, Mrs, Ms, or … ?

  • Women’s status
  • Traditional:
  • Mr. and Mrs. John Winston
  • “ We talked of you and Mrs. You”

(Henry James, a letter to his friend, 1894)

  • 20 th century tendencies:
  • Mrs. Alice Winston
  • Miss, Mrs. “Ms” [mi:z]
Dealing with –Man in Job Titles Banned or problematic Alternatives Barman, barmaid Bartender Businessman, businesswoman Bisenessperson Chairman Chairperson Cowboy Cowhand Fireman Housewife Firefighter Homemaker Housemaid Housekeeper Manpower Workforce, staff, personnel Policeman Police officer Showman Showperson Sportsman Athlet Steward, stewardess Flight attendant

Dealing with –Man in Job Titles

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Barman, barmaid

Bartender

Businessman, businesswoman

Bisenessperson

Chairman

Chairperson

Cowboy

Cowhand

Fireman

Housewife

Firefighter

Homemaker

Housemaid

Housekeeper

Manpower

Workforce, staff, personnel

Policeman

Police officer

Showman

Showperson

Sportsman

Athlet

Steward, stewardess

Flight attendant

Christian Feminism Traditional term Russian equivalent Lord New Bible translation Господь King Sovereign Царь God the Father Monarch, Ruler Бог-Отец Son of God Son of Man Сын Божий God the Mother and Father Child of God Сын Человеческий Adam and Eve Human One Адам и Ева Brethren Eve and Adam Братия Clergyman Brothers and sisters Священнослужитель Member of clergy

Christian Feminism

Traditional term

Russian equivalent

Lord

New Bible translation

Господь

King

Sovereign

Царь

God the Father

Monarch, Ruler

Бог-Отец

Son of God

Son of Man

Сын Божий

God the Mother and Father

Child of God

Сын Человеческий

Adam and Eve

Human One

Адам и Ева

Brethren

Eve and Adam

Братия

Clergyman

Brothers and sisters

Священнослужитель

Member of clergy

Undesirable Images in Educational Literature

Undesirable Images in Educational Literature

  • Pink for girls, blue for boys
  • Girls always wearing dresses
  • Men and boys as athletic, strong an brave
  • Women and girls in need of rescue
  • Boys playing ball, while girls watch
  • Girls playing dolls
  • Women portrayed as nurse or secretary
  • Men portrayed as policemen or lawyers
  • Mother always wearing aprons
  • Men as sole breadwinners for the family
Language and age

Language and age

  • Ageing is a natural process, but it is also a cultural construct which is shaped and controlled by cultural ideas of what is appropriate and conventional behaviour at certain ages.
Language and Ageism Banned or problematic Alternatives Old Chronologically gifted / advantaged Pensioner Senior citizen Elderly people Older adult, man / woman of … (age) Child Age disadvantaged Gifted children Advanced learners

Language and Ageism

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Old

Chronologically gifted / advantaged

Pensioner

Senior citizen

Elderly people

Older adult, man / woman of … (age)

Child

Age disadvantaged

Gifted children

Advanced learners

Politically correct Problematic

Politically correct

Problematic

  • Dishonest
  • Bald
  • Lazy
  • Blind
  • Poor
  • Ugly
  • Rich
  • Dead
  • Invalid
  • Short (about people)
  • Fat (about people)
  • Pets
  • House plants
  • Slums
  • Criminal
  • Drunk
  • Shy
  • Ethically disorientated
  • Hair disadvantaged
  • Motivationally deficient
  • Optically challenged
  • Economically disadvantaged
  • Cosmetically different
  • Differentially advantaged
  • Metabolically challenged
  • Physically challenged
  • Vertically challenged
  • Horizontally challenged
  • Animal companions
  • Botanical companions
  • Substandard housing
  • Behaviourally challenged
  • Chemically inconvenienced
  • Conversationally selective


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Предмет: Английский язык

Категория: Презентации

Целевая аудитория: 11 класс.
Урок соответствует ФГОС

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Language power and political correctness

Автор: Семенова Наталья Владимировна

Дата: 21.09.2022

Номер свидетельства: 613471

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