Language power and political correctness

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«Language power and political correctness»

Language power

Political correctness (PC, 1975)

PC has 2 levels:

- a matter of choosing one’s words carefully

- ideological ( all political relationships are defined in language deemed to be correct (obligatory) or incorrect (inadmissible).

The Human Stain

The Human Stain
The Human Stain
The Human Stain

PC relates to a number of “societal sins”, - isms (racism, sexism, ageism, ableism, sizeism, etc)

Identity : Language, race and ethnicity

Identity is about how we define who we are.
Some Identities can be privileged over others (white Europeans – non-Europeans)
Language can be an instrument of oppression
Anti-Racist Language

Anti-Racist Language

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Race

Ethnicity or nationality

Black, nigger, negro, coloured, Afro-American

African American

Indians

Native Americans, “First Nations” people, First Americans

Immigrants, foreigners

Newcomer s

Aborigines

Indigenious population

Oriental

Asian (using specific nationality)

White

Caucasian

Minority groups

People of colour, traditionally underrepresented groups

Half-breed

Multi-ethnic

Language and gender : “One man in two is a woman”

Language is an expression of patriarchy – women are voiceless in language, because public discourse is dominated by men and the language of public discourse is “encoded” with male meanings (Edwin Ardener)
E.g.: Man

Mankind

Manpower

Man-made fibers

Brotherhood

Mankind Manpower Man-made fibers Brotherhood
Mankind Manpower Man-made fibers Brotherhood

Are we equal?

Language, Gender and Culture

Divide the following nouns according to the category of gender into masculine, feminine and nongendered (neuter).

Secretary, doctor, wife, president, bride, dancer, footballer, groom, sales assistant, manager, policeman, nurse, heir, doll, maid-servant, victim, cousin, thief, priest, widow, hero, monk, spinster, cleaner, nun, professor, scout, fireman, mother, student, husband, tramp

Controversial Alternatives

Women womyn or wimmin
Double pronouns (he/she; s/he)
Alternative pronouns (hir, jhe, hesh, ze, etc.)
Nongendered expressions (one)
Ungrammatical “ They”

Every child should know who their father is.

Julia added 1 new song to their profile.

Generic “ She”

Hold your baby’s hands away from her food.

Miss, Mrs, Ms, or … ?

Women’s status

Traditional:

Mr. and Mrs. John Winston
“ We talked of you and Mrs. You”

(Henry James, a letter to his friend, 1894)

20 th century tendencies:

Mrs. Alice Winston
Miss, Mrs. “Ms” [mi:z]

Dealing with –Man in Job Titles

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Barman, barmaid

Bartender

Businessman, businesswoman

Bisenessperson

Chairman

Chairperson

Cowboy

Cowhand

Fireman

Housewife

Firefighter

Homemaker

Housemaid

Housekeeper

Manpower

Workforce, staff, personnel

Policeman

Police officer

Showman

Showperson

Sportsman

Athlet

Steward, stewardess

Flight attendant

Christian Feminism

Traditional term

Russian equivalent

Lord

New Bible translation

Господь

King

Sovereign

Царь

God the Father

Monarch, Ruler

Бог-Отец

Son of God

Son of Man

Сын Божий

God the Mother and Father

Child of God

Сын Человеческий

Adam and Eve

Human One

Адам и Ева

Brethren

Eve and Adam

Братия

Clergyman

Brothers and sisters

Священнослужитель

Member of clergy

Undesirable Images in Educational Literature

Pink for girls, blue for boys
Girls always wearing dresses
Men and boys as athletic, strong an brave
Women and girls in need of rescue
Boys playing ball, while girls watch
Girls playing dolls
Women portrayed as nurse or secretary
Men portrayed as policemen or lawyers
Mother always wearing aprons
Men as sole breadwinners for the family

Language and age

Ageing is a natural process, but it is also a cultural construct which is shaped and controlled by cultural ideas of what is appropriate and conventional behaviour at certain ages.

Language and Ageism

Banned or problematic

Alternatives

Old

Chronologically gifted / advantaged

Pensioner

Senior citizen

Elderly people

Older adult, man / woman of … (age)

Child

Age disadvantaged

Gifted children

Advanced learners

Politically correct

Problematic

Dishonest
Bald
Lazy
Blind
Poor
Ugly
Rich
Dead
Invalid
Short (about people)
Fat (about people)
Pets
House plants
Slums
Criminal
Drunk
Shy

Ethically disorientated
Hair disadvantaged
Motivationally deficient
Optically challenged
Economically disadvantaged
Cosmetically different
Differentially advantaged
Metabolically challenged
Physically challenged
Vertically challenged
Horizontally challenged
Animal companions
Botanical companions
Substandard housing
Behaviourally challenged
Chemically inconvenienced
Conversationally selective

Предмет: Английский язык

Категория: Презентации

Целевая аудитория: 11 класс.
Урок соответствует ФГОС

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Language power and political correctness

Автор: Семенова Наталья Владимировна

Дата: 21.09.2022

Номер свидетельства: 613471

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Language power and political correctness

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