Galilei's Discoveries ("Открытия Галилео Галилея")

•Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, and mathematician whose discoveries with the telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the way for the acceptance of the Copernican Heliocentric System.

•Galilei was the first to use the newly invented telescope to study celestial objects. He was the first to see Saturn’s rings (although his telescope was not good enough to clearly show them as rings).

•Galileo also demonstrated the principles of gravity 50 years before Isaac Newton. Galileo’s formula of inertia, the law of falling bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the study of motion.

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Открытия Галилео Галилея

Выполнил

Студент группы 3КСК-12-1

Вилков Евгений

2014 г.

Проверил

Преподаватель

Апетян Е.Б.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, and mathematician whose discoveries with the telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the way for the acceptance of the Copernican Heliocentric System.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, and mathematician whose discoveries with the telescope revolutionized astronomy and paved the way for the acceptance of the Copernican Heliocentric System.

Galilei was the first to use the newly invented telescope to study celestial objects. He was the first to see Saturn’s rings (although his telescope was not good enough to clearly show them as rings).

Galilei was the first to use the newly invented telescope to study celestial objects. He was the first to see Saturn’s rings (although his telescope was not good enough to clearly show them as rings).

Galileo also demonstrated the principles of gravity 50 years before Isaac Newton. Galileo’s formula of inertia, the law of falling bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the study of motion.

Galileo also demonstrated the principles of gravity 50 years before Isaac Newton. Galileo’s formula of inertia, the law of falling bodies, and parabolic trajectories marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the study of motion.

Galileo’s originality as a scientist lay in his method of inquiry. First he reduced problems to a simple set of terms on the basis of everyday experience and common-sense logic. Then he analyzed and resolved them according to simple mathematical description. The success with which he applied this technique to the analysis of motion opened the way for modern mathematical and experimental physics.

Galileo’s originality as a scientist lay in his method of inquiry. First he reduced problems to a simple set of terms on the basis of everyday experience and common-sense logic. Then he analyzed and resolved them according to simple mathematical description. The success with which he applied this technique to the analysis of motion opened the way for modern mathematical and experimental physics.

Life and career.

Galileo was born in Pisa, Tuscany on February 15, 1564, the oldest son of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician who made important contributions to the theory and practice of music. The family moved to Florense in the early 1570s, where the Galilei family had lived for generations.

In his middle teens Galileo attended the monastery school at Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 went to the University of Pisa to study medicine.

In his middle teens Galileo attended the monastery school at Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 went to the University of Pisa to study medicine.

In 1589 at the age of twenty-five he obtained a post at Pisa as professor of mathematics, but in 1592 they did not renew his contract. It is believed this was because Galileo directly contradicted the professors, who strictly followed the classical doctrine of Aristotle.

In 1589 at the age of twenty-five he obtained a post at Pisa as professor of mathematics, but in 1592 they did not renew his contract. It is believed this was because Galileo directly contradicted the professors, who strictly followed the classical doctrine of Aristotle.

In 1592 Galileo’s discoveries on the centre of gravity in solids, and pendulums, earned him a chair in mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610.

In 1592 Galileo’s discoveries on the centre of gravity in solids, and pendulums, earned him a chair in mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610.

At Padua, Galileo invented a “calculating compass” for the practical solution of mathematical problems.

At Padua, Galileo invented a “calculating compass” for the practical solution of mathematical problems.

He showed little interest in astronomy, although beginning in 1595 he preferred the Copernical theory - that the earth revolves around the sun- to the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic assumption that planets circle a fixed earth.

He showed little interest in astronomy, although beginning in 1595 he preferred the Copernical theory - that the earth revolves around the sun- to the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic assumption that planets circle a fixed earth.

In 1609 Galileo heard that a new instrument had been invented in the Holland which made object in the distance seem close to the observer. Galileo tried to create his own instrument using a variety of lenses and he soon succeeded in making a basic telescope using a concave and a convex lens at either end of a lead tube. At the third attempt he produced a telescope that made objects appear 1000 times larger and over thirty times closer than seen with the naked eye.

In 1609 Galileo heard that a new instrument had been invented in the Holland which made object in the distance seem close to the observer. Galileo tried to create his own instrument using a variety of lenses and he soon succeeded in making a basic telescope using a concave and a convex lens at either end of a lead tube. At the third attempt he produced a telescope that made objects appear 1000 times larger and over thirty times closer than seen with the naked eye.

Through the telescope, Galileo observed that the surface of the moon appeared pitted with craters. There were mountain peaks lit by the sun’s light and other parts that remained in darkness. Galileo then turned his telescope to view the stars, but found that unlike the moon, the stars were hardly magnified.

Through the telescope, Galileo observed that the surface of the moon appeared pitted with craters. There were mountain peaks lit by the sun’s light and other parts that remained in darkness. Galileo then turned his telescope to view the stars, but found that unlike the moon, the stars were hardly magnified.

On 7 January 1610, Galileo observed three very bright objects close to Jupiter. He noticed that the pattern changed and a fourth bright object became visible. Galileo explained there were four satellites which revolved about Jupiter (they are still called the ‘Galilean satellites’). These moons helped to prove the theory that not all heavenly bodies orbited Earth. To Galileo, it followed that the sun must be the centre of the universe.

On 7 January 1610, Galileo observed three very bright objects close to Jupiter. He noticed that the pattern changed and a fourth bright object became visible. Galileo explained there were four satellites which revolved about Jupiter (they are still called the ‘Galilean satellites’). These moons helped to prove the theory that not all heavenly bodies orbited Earth. To Galileo, it followed that the sun must be the centre of the universe.

The result of his observations were published in “The Starry Messenger”, an Italian periodical of the time. The publication aroused great controversy among scientists. Some philosophers - such as Kepler, received his work with enthusiasm, but others were far less enthusiastic.

The result of his observations were published in “The Starry Messenger”, an Italian periodical of the time. The publication aroused great controversy among scientists. Some philosophers - such as Kepler, received his work with enthusiasm, but others were far less enthusiastic.

By the end of 1610, Galileo had observed the phases of Venus and had become a firm believer in the Copernican Heliocentric World System.

By the end of 1610, Galileo had observed the phases of Venus and had become a firm believer in the Copernican Heliocentric World System.

In 1614 a Florentine priest denounced Galilests from the pulpit. In response, Galileo wrote a long, open letter on the irrelevance of the biblical passages in scientific arguments. He argued that interpretation of the Bible should be adapted to increasing knowledge.

In 1614 a Florentine priest denounced Galilests from the pulpit. In response, Galileo wrote a long, open letter on the irrelevance of the biblical passages in scientific arguments. He argued that interpretation of the Bible should be adapted to increasing knowledge.

Galileo`s support for the heliocentric theory got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church. The Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to publicly withdraw his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment, but because of his advanced age they allowed him to serve his term under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri outside Florence.

Galileo`s support for the heliocentric theory got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church. The Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to publicly withdraw his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment, but because of his advanced age they allowed him to serve his term under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri outside Florence.

It was here that he wrote his most important scientific work, Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences. Dealing with falling bodies and the path of projectiles it laid the foundations for modern kinematics.

It was here that he wrote his most important scientific work, Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences. Dealing with falling bodies and the path of projectiles it laid the foundations for modern kinematics.

Galileo became completely blind at the age of 72. His blindness has often been attributed to damage done to his eyes by telescopic observation of the Sun in 1613. The truth is he was blinded by a combination of cataracts and glaucoma.

Galileo became completely blind at the age of 72. His blindness has often been attributed to damage done to his eyes by telescopic observation of the Sun in 1613. The truth is he was blinded by a combination of cataracts and glaucoma.

Galileo died on 8 January, 1642 – the year Isaac Newton was born. After Galileo`s death, his student Vincenzo Viviani collected and edited a book of his works, and worked tirelessly to ensure that his master was not forgotten.

Galileo died on 8 January, 1642 – the year Isaac Newton was born. After Galileo`s death, his student Vincenzo Viviani collected and edited a book of his works, and worked tirelessly to ensure that his master was not forgotten.