Эволюция образа вампира в английской и американской литературе

The evolution of the vampire image in Anglo-American literature

The Relevance

In 2008, in the United States on cinema screens in the movie of the first book of Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight". I immediately was reminded of similar images of heroes, but from other literary works. So was the predetermined theme of my research: "images of vampires in literature."  

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Objective

Tasks

To determine how the mythical images of the immortals are interpreted in the literary works of Anglo-American literature .

• Examine the literature on the subjects of its study;
• Perform a comparative analysis;
• Conduct a reader survey of the literature.

Hypothesis

• It may be that many of these heroes have existed at one time in another guise;
• A similar villain is. ... the power that wants to evil and eternally performs good "(Goethe's" Faust ")
• Suddenly filled with grief, to foreign being a pessimist by nature.

First steps

Ghoul, like a living dead medieval folklore, was neither handsome or very tempting and was a  corpse of a peasant

A classic image of a vampire, so tightly embedded in our psyche and so popular in fantasy literature, is fairly recent in origin

• at this time begins the folklore as a focused study of folk tales and writers and aristocrats just get the opportunity to learn about themselves
• this is the time of the final release of literature from the influence of the Church
• an image of a vampire has been associated with the spread of the genre of romanticism, characterized by personal view of things

Chapter 1.   Lord Ratven as the first literary vampire

In London, a strange man named Lord Ratven - classic Byronic type demonic seducer, attractive and repulsive at the same time. 

Actually, this image was recorded with Byron, who has held the reputation of a gloomy Aristocratic, which are fuelled by rumours that Byron daily drank vinegar to keep the similar corpse.

The plot was very popular during the second half of the 19th century  by Polidori was delivered several performances, which were sold out. Ratven was returning in many guises, becoming a fictional celebrity no less than then, Vlad Dracula and even appearing in vaudeville and comedies

The first Dracula

John William Polidori

Chapter 2.  Between Ratven and Dracula

The next significant date in the evolution of the image of the Vampire-the year 1897 Bram Stoker created the Earl of Dracula

Under the influence of Polidori had written many novels "tabloid" Vampire theme, such as "Varnej -vampire or the feast of blood", written in1846-47 Thomas Preskettom Prest, and "Carmilla", j. Sheridan Le Fun sample 1872 onwards

Carmilla's history was in part a return to the roots of the vampire as a predator. Carmilla looked at 19, but was the Styrian Countess, who died 150 years ago. The main type of extraction were young girls, in the House where she was under the guise of «girls in trouble». She attacked during sleep, taking the form of big cats to keep their identity .

кармилла

Chapter 3.  Bram Stoker's Dracula

The appearance of the image of the Vampire, which we are now used to perceive as a benchmark, we basically have to Abraham(Bram) Stoker, the first publication of the novel which happened in the year 1897

Брэм стокер и его вампир

Stocker as canonized way of the Vampire, securing it and giving the totality of symptoms.

Stoker's book is now the «Unofficial Bible of the vampires»

Chapter 4.  Evolution of the image of the graph, Vampire in film

Overlay legend about ghouls on the legend of Dracula made maintenance a hefty share of the epic.

A good example of a vampire tabloid literature of the beginning of the twentieth century is the story of the author's "vampires", hiding under the pseudonym b. Olshevri

• The first movie about vampires “Secrets of House No. 5“ (1912)
• "Vampyr" was submitted by Carl Theodor Dreyer (1932)
• Universal Pictures released "Dracula's daughter“ (1936)
• “ Return of the Vampire“ (1943)

• “ The horror of Dracula" with John Karradin (1944)
• "Asylum“ (1944)
• Richard Matheson introduced "I am Legend“ (1954)
• first book of comics  " The tomb of Dracula“ (1971)

Chapter 5.   As "Twilight" have changed the way vampires

• With the advent of the "Twilight" vampires have seem like something more than just evil. 
• They have feelings, there is a favorite, as well as a desire to become human again.
• "Twilight" vampires have shown in the best light

Did "Twilight" vampires have fangs?

They do not feed on human blood, don't turn into bats, and not ignite in the Sun

They still can easily kill

The biggest difference is that the Cullens they made love, loyal and to preserve human life

Conclusion

To summarize and highlight the main trend of modification of the vampire image 

1.The first stemmed from rationalism to the second half of the 20th century, which seeks to provide a framework for any phenomenon minimum rationale

2.The second trend is the gradual integration of the vampire in modern society

Thus, analyzing how developed the vampire image in works from different eras, I came to the conclusions:

• every nation has their own idea of vampires;
• vampires present day strongly differ from their literary predecessors, but the desire to live and reign eternally is common in these characters;
• today's vampires have never been brought to readers as repulsive monsters, but rather attractive. They can bring up in our guts, determination, sacrifice and love for family and to life, which we granted more than.

Thanks for attention