Adjectives - Нестандартный урок Английского языка в 10 классе

Катрушенко Татьяна Александровна

учитель английского языка

МАОУ СОШ №2

ст. Тбилисская, 2015

Adjectives

English adjective (comparing to Russian) can't be changed in cases, genders nor numbers

small boy

маленький мальчик

small girl

small children

маленькая девочка

маленькие дети

English adjectives can be simple, derivative and compound

Simple adjectives don't have suffixes, neither prefixes:

green, left, happy

Derivative adjectives have suffix and/or prefix helpful, international, unreasonable

Compound adjectives consist of two or more words :

red-hot, colour-blind, snow-white

Основные суффиксы и приставки прилагательных

The fallowing suffixes are most common for English adjectives :

- able ( adorable )

- ish ( Scottish )

- al ( epochal )

- ive ( creative )

- ant ( pursuant )

- ive ( innovative )

- ary ( documentary )

- less ( lifeless )

- ed ( barbed )

- en ( silken )

- like ( lifelike )

- ly ( yearly )

- ful ( colourful )

- ous ( courageous )

- ible ( accessible )

- y ( funny )

- ic ( optimistic )

And the prefixes are :

un- (unguarded)

in- (incomplete)

il- (illegal)

im- (immoral)

There are three types of adjectives in English: positive , comparative and superlative

soft

мягкий ( положительная )

softer

softest

мягче ( сравнительная )

мягчайший ( превосходная )

Sunsets are most beautiful here

Здесь необычайно красивые закаты

How to form:

Degrees of comparison of adjectives can be formed :

synthetically (with the help of suffixes - er and - est )

analytically (with the help of words most, less - least) and

suppletive (such exceptions as: good - better - best)

Synthetic way

Synthetic way is only possible for adjectives with one syllable or two-syllable adjectives with the last syllable stressed:

new – new er – new est

polite – polit er – polit est

Synthetic way

This group also includes adjectives ending in - ble , - er , - y , - some , - ow :

noble – nobl er – nobl est

tender – tender er – tender est

happy – happi er – happi est

narrow – narrow er – narrow est

Spelling

When you add suffixes - er and - est you have to know the fallowing rules of spelling:

Silent - e at the end has to be removed:

large – larg er – larg est

brave – brav er – brav est

Spelling

If an adjective ends in a short vowel and consonant, you have to double the last consonant in comparative and superlative forms:

hot – ho tt er – ho tt est

big – bi gg er – bi gg est

If an adjective ends in a vowel -y , then it has to be changes to -i in comparative and superlative forms:

easy – eas ier – eas iest

dirty – dirt ier – dirt iest

Analytical

Analytical way is used for polysyllabic words. For this purpose we have to put words more/most, less/least in front of adjectives:

effective – more effective – most effective

dangerous – more dangerous – most dangerous

Analytical

Note:

Even though the word most is used for superlative, sometimes it can be used with the indefinite article, then it changes meaning to "very/highly/extremely":

My neighbour is a most extraordinary man.

Мой сосед – весьма своеобразный человек .

Мини-тест

Проверьте свои знания!

Appendix 1

What role in a sentence can it play?

Adjective is always connected to a noun (less often to a pronoun). It can be:

1) Definition and stands in front of a noun.

2) Part of a compound predicate and then it goes after definitive noun.

Look at the examples:

1) He wears black shoes . Он носит черные туфли. ( определение )

2) His shoes are black . Его туфли черные. ( часть составного именного сказуемого )

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Thank you for the good work, have a nice day!

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